In recent years,with the emergence of new pollutants,the effective treatment of wastewater has become very important.Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes have been successfully applied to the treatment of was...In recent years,with the emergence of new pollutants,the effective treatment of wastewater has become very important.Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes have been successfully applied to the treatment of wastewater,such as wastewater containing antibiotics,pharmaceuticals and personal care products,dyes,endocrine-disrupting chemicals,chlorinated organic pollutants,and phenolics,for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants.This paper summarizes the production of sulfate radicals,which can be generated by the activation of persulfate via conventional and emerging approaches.The existing problems of persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes were analyzed in detail,including residual sulfates,coexisting factors(coexisting inorganic anions and natural organic matter),and energy consumption.This paper proposes corresponding possible solutions to the problems mentioned above,and this paper could provide a reference for the application of persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes in actual wastewater treatment.展开更多
The engineering of carbon nanocatalysts for the persulfate activated elimination of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)demonstrates promising potential compared with metal-based counterparts due to their unique advant...The engineering of carbon nanocatalysts for the persulfate activated elimination of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)demonstrates promising potential compared with metal-based counterparts due to their unique advantage of high stability and low toxicity.The early reviews introduced the theoretical background of persulfate activation together with a detailed summary of different mechanisms responsible for degradation of EOCs.To further unify the state of knowledge,identify the research gaps,and prompt new research in this area,we present a thorough review on current trends in research on metal-free carbon nanocatalysts(e.g.,0D nanodiamond,1D carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers,2D graphene and graphitic carbon nitride,and 3D carbon nanocatalysts),with emphasis on their applications in persulfate activation and EOCs decontamination.We also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in practically relevant applications.Last,we highlight that the development of sustainable carbon nanocatalysts/persulfate systems lies at the interface of multiple disciplines,which calls for future in-depth interdisciplinary collaborations.展开更多
Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalyst(CG-FeCl_(2))was successfully synthesized by the means of calcinating under nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate(FeCl_(2)·_(4)H_(2)O).T...Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalyst(CG-FeCl_(2))was successfully synthesized by the means of calcinating under nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate(FeCl_(2)·_(4)H_(2)O).The phase transformation of the prepared materials and gas products during the heating process are thoroughly investigated.It is suggested that ferrous chloride participated in the phase transformation and formed Si-O-Fe bonds.And the main gaseous products are H_(2)O,H_(2),and HCl during the heating process.Besides,the ability of CG-FeCl_(2) to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for catalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phenol was deeply studied.More than 95%of naphthyl,phenanthrene and phenol were removed under optimizied conditions.In addition,1O_(2),·OH,and SO_(4)·−were involved in the CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system from the free radical scavenging experiment,where 1O_(2) played a major role during the oxidation process.Furthermore,CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system exhibited superior stability in a relatively wide pH range and the presence of common anion from related degradation experiments.Overall,the novel CG-FeCl_(2) is an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst,displaying potential application prospect in the field of PAHs and phenol-contaminated wastewater treatment.展开更多
This study concerns a two-dimensional model and the corresponding virtual crack closure technique(VCCT) implemented to solve the general boundary value problems that may explain why interface discontinuity has effects...This study concerns a two-dimensional model and the corresponding virtual crack closure technique(VCCT) implemented to solve the general boundary value problems that may explain why interface discontinuity has effects on the fracture behavior in the superconductor-substrate system. The interfacial discontinuity can be classified according to the material properties' continuity and their derivatives' continuity at the interface. For nonhomogeneous superconductor and substrate specimens with various material properties, a VCCT method is developed to calculate their fracture behavior. Furthermore, the effects of applied magnetic field amplitude and nonhomogeneous parameters are extensively and parametrically studied in two activation processes(zero-field cooling and field cooling). The integrative and computational study presented here provide a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the fracture mechanism in the superconductor-substrate system and sheds light on the rational design of interfacial continuity.展开更多
This perspectives article is intended highlight the growing importance and emergence of shale gas as an energy resource and as a source of chemicals. Over the next decades huge amounts of newly discovered deposits of ...This perspectives article is intended highlight the growing importance and emergence of shale gas as an energy resource and as a source of chemicals. Over the next decades huge amounts of newly discovered deposits of trapped gas are expected to be produced not only in the USA but elsewhere providing a wealth of methane and ethane not only used for energy production, but also for conversion to lower hydrocarbon chemicals. This manuscript seeks to focus on the potential of trapped natural gas around the world. The potential new volumes of trapped gas within shale or other mineral strata coming to the marketplace offer a tremendous opportunity if scientists can invent new, cost effective ways to convert this methane to higher value chemicals. Understanding how to selectively break a single C-H bond in methane while minimizing methane conversion to C02 is critical.展开更多
God depeits occurring in metamorPhaed microclastic rocks are distributed exten-sively at home and abroad. Some deposits of this type are of superlarge tonnage. The formation of gold deposits in metamorphosed microclas...God depeits occurring in metamorPhaed microclastic rocks are distributed exten-sively at home and abroad. Some deposits of this type are of superlarge tonnage. The formation of gold deposits in metamorphosed microclastic rocks involves three stages: the sedimentary stage, the regionally metamorpphic stage, and the ore-forming stage. At the first stage, microclastic sedimentary source rocks were developed in a relatively semi-enclosed reducing sea basin and were enriched in carbon, sulfur and gold. At the second stage, the gold adsorbed on organic matter and clay minerals was released and poorly concentrated during the destruction of organic matter and the depletion of clay minerals by regional metamorphism with increase temperature and pressre. At the third stage, a tectono-hydrothermal event took place. As a result, gold was leached from metamorphosed microclastic rocks, transported to ore depositional locus and/or mixed with gold of other sources in the course of migration, and finally precipitated as ores. Gold deposits of this type were eventually formed at the third stage, and they also can be classified as the orognic belt type and the activation zone type. The gold deposits occurring in metamorphosed microclastic rocks are the products of reworking processes and the influence of magmatism should be taken into consideration in some cases.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51678185)Talents of High Level Scientific Research Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University(No.6651120004).
文摘In recent years,with the emergence of new pollutants,the effective treatment of wastewater has become very important.Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes have been successfully applied to the treatment of wastewater,such as wastewater containing antibiotics,pharmaceuticals and personal care products,dyes,endocrine-disrupting chemicals,chlorinated organic pollutants,and phenolics,for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants.This paper summarizes the production of sulfate radicals,which can be generated by the activation of persulfate via conventional and emerging approaches.The existing problems of persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes were analyzed in detail,including residual sulfates,coexisting factors(coexisting inorganic anions and natural organic matter),and energy consumption.This paper proposes corresponding possible solutions to the problems mentioned above,and this paper could provide a reference for the application of persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes in actual wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.QAK202108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51822806)。
文摘The engineering of carbon nanocatalysts for the persulfate activated elimination of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)demonstrates promising potential compared with metal-based counterparts due to their unique advantage of high stability and low toxicity.The early reviews introduced the theoretical background of persulfate activation together with a detailed summary of different mechanisms responsible for degradation of EOCs.To further unify the state of knowledge,identify the research gaps,and prompt new research in this area,we present a thorough review on current trends in research on metal-free carbon nanocatalysts(e.g.,0D nanodiamond,1D carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers,2D graphene and graphitic carbon nitride,and 3D carbon nanocatalysts),with emphasis on their applications in persulfate activation and EOCs decontamination.We also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in practically relevant applications.Last,we highlight that the development of sustainable carbon nanocatalysts/persulfate systems lies at the interface of multiple disciplines,which calls for future in-depth interdisciplinary collaborations.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1904903 and 2020YFC1806504)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680757)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022XJHH08).
文摘Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalyst(CG-FeCl_(2))was successfully synthesized by the means of calcinating under nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate(FeCl_(2)·_(4)H_(2)O).The phase transformation of the prepared materials and gas products during the heating process are thoroughly investigated.It is suggested that ferrous chloride participated in the phase transformation and formed Si-O-Fe bonds.And the main gaseous products are H_(2)O,H_(2),and HCl during the heating process.Besides,the ability of CG-FeCl_(2) to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for catalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phenol was deeply studied.More than 95%of naphthyl,phenanthrene and phenol were removed under optimizied conditions.In addition,1O_(2),·OH,and SO_(4)·−were involved in the CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system from the free radical scavenging experiment,where 1O_(2) played a major role during the oxidation process.Furthermore,CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system exhibited superior stability in a relatively wide pH range and the presence of common anion from related degradation experiments.Overall,the novel CG-FeCl_(2) is an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst,displaying potential application prospect in the field of PAHs and phenol-contaminated wastewater treatment.
基金the financial supports provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11772142,11272140,and 10902046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2015-176)
文摘This study concerns a two-dimensional model and the corresponding virtual crack closure technique(VCCT) implemented to solve the general boundary value problems that may explain why interface discontinuity has effects on the fracture behavior in the superconductor-substrate system. The interfacial discontinuity can be classified according to the material properties' continuity and their derivatives' continuity at the interface. For nonhomogeneous superconductor and substrate specimens with various material properties, a VCCT method is developed to calculate their fracture behavior. Furthermore, the effects of applied magnetic field amplitude and nonhomogeneous parameters are extensively and parametrically studied in two activation processes(zero-field cooling and field cooling). The integrative and computational study presented here provide a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the fracture mechanism in the superconductor-substrate system and sheds light on the rational design of interfacial continuity.
文摘This perspectives article is intended highlight the growing importance and emergence of shale gas as an energy resource and as a source of chemicals. Over the next decades huge amounts of newly discovered deposits of trapped gas are expected to be produced not only in the USA but elsewhere providing a wealth of methane and ethane not only used for energy production, but also for conversion to lower hydrocarbon chemicals. This manuscript seeks to focus on the potential of trapped natural gas around the world. The potential new volumes of trapped gas within shale or other mineral strata coming to the marketplace offer a tremendous opportunity if scientists can invent new, cost effective ways to convert this methane to higher value chemicals. Understanding how to selectively break a single C-H bond in methane while minimizing methane conversion to C02 is critical.
文摘God depeits occurring in metamorPhaed microclastic rocks are distributed exten-sively at home and abroad. Some deposits of this type are of superlarge tonnage. The formation of gold deposits in metamorphosed microclastic rocks involves three stages: the sedimentary stage, the regionally metamorpphic stage, and the ore-forming stage. At the first stage, microclastic sedimentary source rocks were developed in a relatively semi-enclosed reducing sea basin and were enriched in carbon, sulfur and gold. At the second stage, the gold adsorbed on organic matter and clay minerals was released and poorly concentrated during the destruction of organic matter and the depletion of clay minerals by regional metamorphism with increase temperature and pressre. At the third stage, a tectono-hydrothermal event took place. As a result, gold was leached from metamorphosed microclastic rocks, transported to ore depositional locus and/or mixed with gold of other sources in the course of migration, and finally precipitated as ores. Gold deposits of this type were eventually formed at the third stage, and they also can be classified as the orognic belt type and the activation zone type. The gold deposits occurring in metamorphosed microclastic rocks are the products of reworking processes and the influence of magmatism should be taken into consideration in some cases.
