A Speed of Light falling over time inversely proportional to the expansion of the Universe leads to an experimentally observed exponential changing of the Red Shift over time. It is necessary to re-define the Angular ...A Speed of Light falling over time inversely proportional to the expansion of the Universe leads to an experimentally observed exponential changing of the Red Shift over time. It is necessary to re-define the Angular Impulse Momentum in order to get a consistent expansion of space on all levels. Conservation of Energy and this newly defined Angular Impulse Momentum then leads to the requirement that all clocks slow down in time inversely proportional to the Red Shift, independent of whether the Speed of Light is constant or not. From the Lorentz equation it then follows that Expansion occurs over space-time and not over space alone. A steady state expansion in true time is then transformed into an exponential expansion for an observer with a local clock. A finite lifetime of the Universe is transformed to an infinite lifetime for these observers including elementary particles.展开更多
The inclusion of space-time in the extended group of relativistic form-invariance, Cl<sub>3</sub>*</sup>, is specified as the inclusion of the whole space-time manifold in this multiplicative Lie gro...The inclusion of space-time in the extended group of relativistic form-invariance, Cl<sub>3</sub>*</sup>, is specified as the inclusion of the whole space-time manifold in this multiplicative Lie group. First physical results presented here are: the geometric origin of the time arrow, a better understanding of the non-simultaneity in optics and a mainly geometric origin for the universe expansion, and its recent acceleration.展开更多
Aims: The paper explores the hypothesis that the speed of light c is decreasing over time at rate (dc/dt)=-H? c, H being the Hubble constant. This hypothesis differs from the so-called tired light, in which the veloci...Aims: The paper explores the hypothesis that the speed of light c is decreasing over time at rate (dc/dt)=-H? c, H being the Hubble constant. This hypothesis differs from the so-called tired light, in which the velocity c is supposed to vary during the journey of photons in the empty space for some frictional mechanism. In the hypothesis of the author the speed c, during this journey, is assumed constant. In this way the problems of the tired hypothesis are overcome. Methods: The paper links the variation dc/dt with the Hubble constant and infers a value of dc/dt from the difference between the value of the variation of the Earth-Moon distance measured by the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment and the tidal effect. Results: Under the hypothesis c time varying, we explain: 1) The cosmological redshift. 2) The anomalous acceleration ap ≈ -8 × 10-10 m?sec-2, measured for some spacecrafts. 3) The high redshift of supernovae Ia, which seems to evidence an acceleration of the expansion of the universe. 4) The peripheral motion of stars in galaxies around their rotational centre. 5) The dilation of the light curves observed for supernovae Ia.展开更多
In a previous article entitled: “Evidences for varying speed of light with time” [1], a series of observational evidence was presented in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of light varies with time according to...In a previous article entitled: “Evidences for varying speed of light with time” [1], a series of observational evidence was presented in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of light varies with time according to the relationship d<i>c</i>/d<i>t</i> = -<i>Hc</i>, where <i>H</i> is the Hubble constant which is considered a universal constant. In this paper we propose to elaborate on the observational evidence supporting the hypothesis, and to probe the consequences of this relationship on General Relativity. Also we will provide a theoretical justification of the previous relationship and we will show how from it we can deduce galactic velocity curves. We can deduce the important empirical Tully-Fisher relation linking these curves to the baryonic mass of the galaxy and we can justify the apparent accelerated expansion of the universe without intervening elusive entities such as dark matter and dark energy.展开更多
Starting from Witten’s eleven dimensional M-theory, the present work develops in an analogous way a corresponding dimensional fractal version where . Subsequently, the new fractal formalism is utilized to determine t...Starting from Witten’s eleven dimensional M-theory, the present work develops in an analogous way a corresponding dimensional fractal version where . Subsequently, the new fractal formalism is utilized to determine the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos which turns out to be intimately linked to the new theory’s fractal dimension via non-integer irrational Lorentzian-like factor: where is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Consequently, the energy density is found from a limiting classical kinetic energy to be Here, is ‘tHooft’s renormalon of dimensional regularization. The immediate logical, mathematical and physical implication of this result is that the dark energy density of the cosmos must be in astounding agreement with cosmic measurements and observations.展开更多
We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result ...We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result in conjunction with Newtonian classical mechanics to show that the ordinary measurable cosmic energy density is given by while the dark energy density is obviously the Legendre transformation dual energy E(D) = 1 -?E(O). The result is in complete agreement with the COBE, WMAP and type 1a supernova measurements.展开更多
In a one-dimension Mauldin-Williams Random Cantor Set Universe, the Sigalotti topological speed of light is where . It follows then that the corresponding topological acceleration must be a golden mean downscali...In a one-dimension Mauldin-Williams Random Cantor Set Universe, the Sigalotti topological speed of light is where . It follows then that the corresponding topological acceleration must be a golden mean downscaling of c namely . Since the maximal height in the one-dimensional universe must be where is the unit interval length and note that the topological mass (m) and topological dimension (D) where m = D = 5 are that of the largest unit sphere volume, we can conclude that the potential energy of classical mechanics translates to . Remembering that the kinetic energy is , then by the same logic we see that when m = 5 is replaced by for reasons which are explained in the main body of the present work. Adding both expressions together, we find Einstein’s maximal energy . As a general conclusion, we note that within high energy cosmology, the sharp distinction between potential energy and kinetic energy of classical mechanics is blurred on the cosmic scale. Apart of being an original contribution, the article presents an almost complete bibliography on the Cantorian-fractal spacetime theory.展开更多
We use a dual Einstein-Kaluza spacetime to calculate the exact energy density of dark energy and dark matter using a novel topological computation method. Starting from the said spacetime and ‘tHooft’s topological r...We use a dual Einstein-Kaluza spacetime to calculate the exact energy density of dark energy and dark matter using a novel topological computation method. Starting from the said spacetime and ‘tHooft’s topological renormalon as well as the corresponding symmetry group, we show how the zero set quantum particle and the empty set quantum wave interact with the vacuum and give rise to pure dark energy and pure dark matter all along with ordinary energy density of the cosmos. The consistency of the exact calculation and the accurate observations attests to the reality of ‘tHooft’s renormalon dark matter, pure dark energy and accelerated cosmic expansion.展开更多
We utilize homology and co-homology of a K3-Kähler manifold as a model for spacetime to derive the cosmic energy density of our universe and subdivide it into its three fundamental constituents, namely: 1) or...We utilize homology and co-homology of a K3-Kähler manifold as a model for spacetime to derive the cosmic energy density of our universe and subdivide it into its three fundamental constituents, namely: 1) ordinary energy;2) pure dark energy and 3) dark matter. In addition, the fundamental coupling of dark matter to pure dark energy is analyzed in detail for the first time. Finally, the so-obtained results are shown to be in astounding agreement with all previous theoretical analysis as well as with actual accurate cosmic measurements.展开更多
The quintessence of hyperbolic geometry is transferred to a transfinite Cantorian-fractal setting in the present work. Starting from the building block of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory, namely a quantum pre-pa...The quintessence of hyperbolic geometry is transferred to a transfinite Cantorian-fractal setting in the present work. Starting from the building block of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory, namely a quantum pre-particle zero set as a core and a quantum pre-wave empty set as cobordism or surface of the core, we connect the interaction of two such self similar units to a compact four dimensional manifold and a corresponding holographic boundary akin to the compactified Klein modular curve with SL(2,7) symmetry. Based on this model in conjunction with a 4D compact hy- perbolic manifold M(4) and the associated general theory, the so obtained ordinary and dark en- ergy density of the cosmos is found to be in complete agreement with previous analysis as well as cosmic measurements and observations such as WMAP and Type 1a supernova.展开更多
The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum ...The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum mechanics. This more than just a conceptual equation is illustrated by integer approximation and an exact solution of the dark energy density behind cosmic expansion.展开更多
The present short paper is concerned with accurate explanation as well as quantification of the so called missing dark energy of the cosmos. It was always one of the main objectives of any successful general theory of...The present short paper is concerned with accurate explanation as well as quantification of the so called missing dark energy of the cosmos. It was always one of the main objectives of any successful general theory of high energy particle physics and quantum cosmology to keep non-physical negative norms, the so called ghosts completely out of that theory. The present work takes the completely contrary view by admitting these supposedly spurious states as part of the physical Hilbert space. It is further shown that rethinking the ghost free condition with the two critical spacetime dimensions D<sub>1</sub> = 26 and D<sub>2</sub> = 25 together with the corresponding intercept a<sub>1</sub> = 1 and a<sub>2</sub> ≤ 1 respectively and in addition imposing, as in Gross et al. heterotic superstrings, an overall 496 dimensional exceptional Lie symmetry group, then one will discover that there are two distinct types of energy. The first is positive norm ordinary energy connected to the zero set quantum particles which is very close to the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos, namely E(O) = mc<sup>2</sup>/22. The second is negative norm (i.e. ghost) energy connected to the empty set quantum wave and is equal to the conjectured dark energy density of the cosmos E(D) = mc<sup>2</sup> (21/22) presumed to be behind the observed accelerated cosmic expansion. That way we were able to not only explain the physics of dark energy without adding any new concepts or novel additional ingredients but also we were able to compute the dark energy density accurately and in full agreement with measurements and observations.展开更多
We utilize two different theories to prove that cosmic dark energy density is the complimentary Legendre transformation of ordinary energy and vice versa as given by E(dark) = mc2 (21/22) and E(ordinary) = mc2/22. The...We utilize two different theories to prove that cosmic dark energy density is the complimentary Legendre transformation of ordinary energy and vice versa as given by E(dark) = mc2 (21/22) and E(ordinary) = mc2/22. The first theory used is based on G ‘t Hooft’s remarkably simple renormalization procedure in which a neat mathematical maneuver is introduced via the dimensionality of our four dimensional spacetime. Thus, ‘t Hooft used instead of D = 4 and then took at the end of an intricate and subtle computation the limit to obtain the result while avoiding various problems including the pole singularity at D = 4. Here and in contradistinction to the classical form of dimensional and renormalization we set and do not take the limit where and is the theoretically and experimentally well established Hardy’s generic quantum entanglement. At the end we see that the dark energy density is simply the ratio of and the smooth disentangled D = 4, i.e. (dark) = (4 -k)/4 = 3.8196011/4 = 0.9549150275. Consequently where we have ignored the fine structure details by rounding 21 + k to 21 and 22 + k to 22 in a manner not that much different from of the original form of dimensional regularization theory. The result is subsequently validated by another equally ingenious approach due mainly to E. Witten and his school of topological quantum field theory. We notice that in that theory the local degrees of freedom are zero. Therefore, we are dealing essentially with pure gravity where are the degrees of freedom and is the corresponding dimension. The results and the conclusion of the paper are summarized in Figure 1-3, Table 1 and Flow Chart 1.展开更多
The quantum treatment of gravity has been researched for more than fifty years. The focus of the efforts was the investigation of the “gravitational quantum field” concept. This article paves the way to solving this...The quantum treatment of gravity has been researched for more than fifty years. The focus of the efforts was the investigation of the “gravitational quantum field” concept. This article paves the way to solving this puzzle. Gravity is a phenomenon that emerges from the undulating nature of the universe. To support this claim, I deduce a more generalized expression than that of Newton’s gravity from simple considerations relating to the wave function, the probability density function, and a hypothesis of how all particles in the universe are related. This expression uncovers the true nature of the gravitational phenomenon, dark matter, and dark energy. This true nature of the gravitational field allows its renormalization and the definition of its elementary charge. The result obtained considers the Mach’s principle and deduces the origin of the inertial force. Finally, it is concluded that a new model of the universe is necessary.展开更多
Einstein equation of gravity has on one side the momentum energy density tensor and on the other, Einstein tensor which is derived from Ricci curvature tensor. A better theory of gravity will have both sides geometric...Einstein equation of gravity has on one side the momentum energy density tensor and on the other, Einstein tensor which is derived from Ricci curvature tensor. A better theory of gravity will have both sides geometric. One way to achieve this goal is to develop a new measure of time that will be independent of the choice of coordinates. One natural nominee for such time is the upper limit of measurable time form an event back to the big bang singularity. This limit should exist despite the singularity, otherwise the cosmos age would be unbounded. By this, the author constructs a scalar field of time. Time, however, is measured by material clocks. What is the maximal time that can be measured by a small microscopic clock when our curve starts at near the “big bang” event and ends at an event within the nucleus of an atom? Will our tiny clock move along geodesic curves or will it move in a non geodesic curve within matter? It is almost paradoxical that a test particle in General Relativity will always move along geodesic curves but the motion of matter within the particle may not be geodesic at all. For example, the ground of the Earth does not move at geodesic velocity. Where there is no matter, we choose a curve from near “big bang” to an event such that the time measured is maximal. Without assuming force fields, the gravitational field which causes that two or more such curves intersect at events, would cause discontinuity of the gradient of the upper limit of measurable time scalar field. The discontinuity can be avoided only if we give up on measurement along geodesic curves where there is matter. In other words, our tiny test particle clock will experience force when it travels within matter or near matter.展开更多
文摘A Speed of Light falling over time inversely proportional to the expansion of the Universe leads to an experimentally observed exponential changing of the Red Shift over time. It is necessary to re-define the Angular Impulse Momentum in order to get a consistent expansion of space on all levels. Conservation of Energy and this newly defined Angular Impulse Momentum then leads to the requirement that all clocks slow down in time inversely proportional to the Red Shift, independent of whether the Speed of Light is constant or not. From the Lorentz equation it then follows that Expansion occurs over space-time and not over space alone. A steady state expansion in true time is then transformed into an exponential expansion for an observer with a local clock. A finite lifetime of the Universe is transformed to an infinite lifetime for these observers including elementary particles.
文摘The inclusion of space-time in the extended group of relativistic form-invariance, Cl<sub>3</sub>*</sup>, is specified as the inclusion of the whole space-time manifold in this multiplicative Lie group. First physical results presented here are: the geometric origin of the time arrow, a better understanding of the non-simultaneity in optics and a mainly geometric origin for the universe expansion, and its recent acceleration.
文摘Aims: The paper explores the hypothesis that the speed of light c is decreasing over time at rate (dc/dt)=-H? c, H being the Hubble constant. This hypothesis differs from the so-called tired light, in which the velocity c is supposed to vary during the journey of photons in the empty space for some frictional mechanism. In the hypothesis of the author the speed c, during this journey, is assumed constant. In this way the problems of the tired hypothesis are overcome. Methods: The paper links the variation dc/dt with the Hubble constant and infers a value of dc/dt from the difference between the value of the variation of the Earth-Moon distance measured by the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment and the tidal effect. Results: Under the hypothesis c time varying, we explain: 1) The cosmological redshift. 2) The anomalous acceleration ap ≈ -8 × 10-10 m?sec-2, measured for some spacecrafts. 3) The high redshift of supernovae Ia, which seems to evidence an acceleration of the expansion of the universe. 4) The peripheral motion of stars in galaxies around their rotational centre. 5) The dilation of the light curves observed for supernovae Ia.
文摘In a previous article entitled: “Evidences for varying speed of light with time” [1], a series of observational evidence was presented in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of light varies with time according to the relationship d<i>c</i>/d<i>t</i> = -<i>Hc</i>, where <i>H</i> is the Hubble constant which is considered a universal constant. In this paper we propose to elaborate on the observational evidence supporting the hypothesis, and to probe the consequences of this relationship on General Relativity. Also we will provide a theoretical justification of the previous relationship and we will show how from it we can deduce galactic velocity curves. We can deduce the important empirical Tully-Fisher relation linking these curves to the baryonic mass of the galaxy and we can justify the apparent accelerated expansion of the universe without intervening elusive entities such as dark matter and dark energy.
文摘Starting from Witten’s eleven dimensional M-theory, the present work develops in an analogous way a corresponding dimensional fractal version where . Subsequently, the new fractal formalism is utilized to determine the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos which turns out to be intimately linked to the new theory’s fractal dimension via non-integer irrational Lorentzian-like factor: where is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Consequently, the energy density is found from a limiting classical kinetic energy to be Here, is ‘tHooft’s renormalon of dimensional regularization. The immediate logical, mathematical and physical implication of this result is that the dark energy density of the cosmos must be in astounding agreement with cosmic measurements and observations.
文摘We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result in conjunction with Newtonian classical mechanics to show that the ordinary measurable cosmic energy density is given by while the dark energy density is obviously the Legendre transformation dual energy E(D) = 1 -?E(O). The result is in complete agreement with the COBE, WMAP and type 1a supernova measurements.
文摘In a one-dimension Mauldin-Williams Random Cantor Set Universe, the Sigalotti topological speed of light is where . It follows then that the corresponding topological acceleration must be a golden mean downscaling of c namely . Since the maximal height in the one-dimensional universe must be where is the unit interval length and note that the topological mass (m) and topological dimension (D) where m = D = 5 are that of the largest unit sphere volume, we can conclude that the potential energy of classical mechanics translates to . Remembering that the kinetic energy is , then by the same logic we see that when m = 5 is replaced by for reasons which are explained in the main body of the present work. Adding both expressions together, we find Einstein’s maximal energy . As a general conclusion, we note that within high energy cosmology, the sharp distinction between potential energy and kinetic energy of classical mechanics is blurred on the cosmic scale. Apart of being an original contribution, the article presents an almost complete bibliography on the Cantorian-fractal spacetime theory.
文摘We use a dual Einstein-Kaluza spacetime to calculate the exact energy density of dark energy and dark matter using a novel topological computation method. Starting from the said spacetime and ‘tHooft’s topological renormalon as well as the corresponding symmetry group, we show how the zero set quantum particle and the empty set quantum wave interact with the vacuum and give rise to pure dark energy and pure dark matter all along with ordinary energy density of the cosmos. The consistency of the exact calculation and the accurate observations attests to the reality of ‘tHooft’s renormalon dark matter, pure dark energy and accelerated cosmic expansion.
文摘We utilize homology and co-homology of a K3-Kähler manifold as a model for spacetime to derive the cosmic energy density of our universe and subdivide it into its three fundamental constituents, namely: 1) ordinary energy;2) pure dark energy and 3) dark matter. In addition, the fundamental coupling of dark matter to pure dark energy is analyzed in detail for the first time. Finally, the so-obtained results are shown to be in astounding agreement with all previous theoretical analysis as well as with actual accurate cosmic measurements.
文摘The quintessence of hyperbolic geometry is transferred to a transfinite Cantorian-fractal setting in the present work. Starting from the building block of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory, namely a quantum pre-particle zero set as a core and a quantum pre-wave empty set as cobordism or surface of the core, we connect the interaction of two such self similar units to a compact four dimensional manifold and a corresponding holographic boundary akin to the compactified Klein modular curve with SL(2,7) symmetry. Based on this model in conjunction with a 4D compact hy- perbolic manifold M(4) and the associated general theory, the so obtained ordinary and dark en- ergy density of the cosmos is found to be in complete agreement with previous analysis as well as cosmic measurements and observations such as WMAP and Type 1a supernova.
文摘The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum mechanics. This more than just a conceptual equation is illustrated by integer approximation and an exact solution of the dark energy density behind cosmic expansion.
文摘The present short paper is concerned with accurate explanation as well as quantification of the so called missing dark energy of the cosmos. It was always one of the main objectives of any successful general theory of high energy particle physics and quantum cosmology to keep non-physical negative norms, the so called ghosts completely out of that theory. The present work takes the completely contrary view by admitting these supposedly spurious states as part of the physical Hilbert space. It is further shown that rethinking the ghost free condition with the two critical spacetime dimensions D<sub>1</sub> = 26 and D<sub>2</sub> = 25 together with the corresponding intercept a<sub>1</sub> = 1 and a<sub>2</sub> ≤ 1 respectively and in addition imposing, as in Gross et al. heterotic superstrings, an overall 496 dimensional exceptional Lie symmetry group, then one will discover that there are two distinct types of energy. The first is positive norm ordinary energy connected to the zero set quantum particles which is very close to the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos, namely E(O) = mc<sup>2</sup>/22. The second is negative norm (i.e. ghost) energy connected to the empty set quantum wave and is equal to the conjectured dark energy density of the cosmos E(D) = mc<sup>2</sup> (21/22) presumed to be behind the observed accelerated cosmic expansion. That way we were able to not only explain the physics of dark energy without adding any new concepts or novel additional ingredients but also we were able to compute the dark energy density accurately and in full agreement with measurements and observations.
文摘We utilize two different theories to prove that cosmic dark energy density is the complimentary Legendre transformation of ordinary energy and vice versa as given by E(dark) = mc2 (21/22) and E(ordinary) = mc2/22. The first theory used is based on G ‘t Hooft’s remarkably simple renormalization procedure in which a neat mathematical maneuver is introduced via the dimensionality of our four dimensional spacetime. Thus, ‘t Hooft used instead of D = 4 and then took at the end of an intricate and subtle computation the limit to obtain the result while avoiding various problems including the pole singularity at D = 4. Here and in contradistinction to the classical form of dimensional and renormalization we set and do not take the limit where and is the theoretically and experimentally well established Hardy’s generic quantum entanglement. At the end we see that the dark energy density is simply the ratio of and the smooth disentangled D = 4, i.e. (dark) = (4 -k)/4 = 3.8196011/4 = 0.9549150275. Consequently where we have ignored the fine structure details by rounding 21 + k to 21 and 22 + k to 22 in a manner not that much different from of the original form of dimensional regularization theory. The result is subsequently validated by another equally ingenious approach due mainly to E. Witten and his school of topological quantum field theory. We notice that in that theory the local degrees of freedom are zero. Therefore, we are dealing essentially with pure gravity where are the degrees of freedom and is the corresponding dimension. The results and the conclusion of the paper are summarized in Figure 1-3, Table 1 and Flow Chart 1.
文摘The quantum treatment of gravity has been researched for more than fifty years. The focus of the efforts was the investigation of the “gravitational quantum field” concept. This article paves the way to solving this puzzle. Gravity is a phenomenon that emerges from the undulating nature of the universe. To support this claim, I deduce a more generalized expression than that of Newton’s gravity from simple considerations relating to the wave function, the probability density function, and a hypothesis of how all particles in the universe are related. This expression uncovers the true nature of the gravitational phenomenon, dark matter, and dark energy. This true nature of the gravitational field allows its renormalization and the definition of its elementary charge. The result obtained considers the Mach’s principle and deduces the origin of the inertial force. Finally, it is concluded that a new model of the universe is necessary.
文摘Einstein equation of gravity has on one side the momentum energy density tensor and on the other, Einstein tensor which is derived from Ricci curvature tensor. A better theory of gravity will have both sides geometric. One way to achieve this goal is to develop a new measure of time that will be independent of the choice of coordinates. One natural nominee for such time is the upper limit of measurable time form an event back to the big bang singularity. This limit should exist despite the singularity, otherwise the cosmos age would be unbounded. By this, the author constructs a scalar field of time. Time, however, is measured by material clocks. What is the maximal time that can be measured by a small microscopic clock when our curve starts at near the “big bang” event and ends at an event within the nucleus of an atom? Will our tiny clock move along geodesic curves or will it move in a non geodesic curve within matter? It is almost paradoxical that a test particle in General Relativity will always move along geodesic curves but the motion of matter within the particle may not be geodesic at all. For example, the ground of the Earth does not move at geodesic velocity. Where there is no matter, we choose a curve from near “big bang” to an event such that the time measured is maximal. Without assuming force fields, the gravitational field which causes that two or more such curves intersect at events, would cause discontinuity of the gradient of the upper limit of measurable time scalar field. The discontinuity can be avoided only if we give up on measurement along geodesic curves where there is matter. In other words, our tiny test particle clock will experience force when it travels within matter or near matter.
