Objective:To check the effects of the vaccines on the hematopoietic system and weight of mice after immunization.Methods:The study was done with the Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines donated by the Ministrie...Objective:To check the effects of the vaccines on the hematopoietic system and weight of mice after immunization.Methods:The study was done with the Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines donated by the Ministries of Health of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria.The vaccines were collected from the cold-chain stores and transported in vaccine carriers to the cold-chain facility in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital within 3 hours of collection.They were used to immunize a total of 160 mice.The Ethics Committee of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi of Anambra State,Nigeria approved the protocol.Results:Mice body weight changes test showed that the mice all had increased body weight at Days 3 and 7 post-immunization and none died during the 7 d post-immunization observation.The percentage weight gains of the mice compared with the control were 69%.70%,64%.63%,65%and 68%for oral polio vaccine,diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus.bacillus CalmetteGuerin,measles,yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines respectively collected from Imo State.The mice immunized with oral polio vaccine,pentavalent.bacillus Calmette-Guerin.measles,yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines collected from Abia State had 123%.114%,121%.116%,142%and 119%weight gain respectively compared with the control.Leukocytosis promoting toxicity test showed that none of the vaccines was able to induce proliferation of leukocytes up to ten folds.Leukopenic toxicity test showed that all the vaccines had an leukopenic toxicity test value higher than 80%of the control(physiological saline).Conclusions:The vaccine samples tested were safe and did not affect the hematopoietic system adversely.The storage conditions of the vaccines in the States' cold-chain stores had not compromised the safety of the vaccines.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention and cont...<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in Nigeria is Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT). However, its utilization among young adults, particularly undergraduates, is very low. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-uptake of VCT among undergraduates. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross sectional study using quantitative methods was conducted. Using simple random sampling, three faculties were selected out of nine and 422 respondents were selected from three faculties. Interviews were conducted using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 20. Prevalence was measured by the percentage of respondents that had never used VCT. Analytical statistics were done using chi-square test to measure strength of association between VCT uptake and knowledge and attitude of respondents. Association with P-value</span></span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < </span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05 was considered significant.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of non-uptake of VCT. The associations were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Overall, 59.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about VCT while majority, 64.7% had negative attitude towards it. Knowledge (X</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 9.89, P-value < 0.001) and attitude (X</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 10.78, P-value < 0.001) showed statistically significant 展开更多
基金funded by the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program administered by the Canadian Bureau for International EducationAfrican Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship award offered by the African Population and Health Research Center in partnership with the International Development Research Centre(Grant No.ADDRF Award 2012-2014 ADF 020)
文摘Objective:To check the effects of the vaccines on the hematopoietic system and weight of mice after immunization.Methods:The study was done with the Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines donated by the Ministries of Health of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria.The vaccines were collected from the cold-chain stores and transported in vaccine carriers to the cold-chain facility in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital within 3 hours of collection.They were used to immunize a total of 160 mice.The Ethics Committee of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi of Anambra State,Nigeria approved the protocol.Results:Mice body weight changes test showed that the mice all had increased body weight at Days 3 and 7 post-immunization and none died during the 7 d post-immunization observation.The percentage weight gains of the mice compared with the control were 69%.70%,64%.63%,65%and 68%for oral polio vaccine,diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus.bacillus CalmetteGuerin,measles,yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines respectively collected from Imo State.The mice immunized with oral polio vaccine,pentavalent.bacillus Calmette-Guerin.measles,yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines collected from Abia State had 123%.114%,121%.116%,142%and 119%weight gain respectively compared with the control.Leukocytosis promoting toxicity test showed that none of the vaccines was able to induce proliferation of leukocytes up to ten folds.Leukopenic toxicity test showed that all the vaccines had an leukopenic toxicity test value higher than 80%of the control(physiological saline).Conclusions:The vaccine samples tested were safe and did not affect the hematopoietic system adversely.The storage conditions of the vaccines in the States' cold-chain stores had not compromised the safety of the vaccines.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in Nigeria is Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT). However, its utilization among young adults, particularly undergraduates, is very low. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-uptake of VCT among undergraduates. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross sectional study using quantitative methods was conducted. Using simple random sampling, three faculties were selected out of nine and 422 respondents were selected from three faculties. Interviews were conducted using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 20. Prevalence was measured by the percentage of respondents that had never used VCT. Analytical statistics were done using chi-square test to measure strength of association between VCT uptake and knowledge and attitude of respondents. Association with P-value</span></span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < </span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05 was considered significant.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of non-uptake of VCT. The associations were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Overall, 59.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about VCT while majority, 64.7% had negative attitude towards it. Knowledge (X</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 9.89, P-value < 0.001) and attitude (X</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 10.78, P-value < 0.001) showed statistically significant
