MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. At least three MAPI(families have been characterized: extracellular si...MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. At least three MAPI(families have been characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 MAPK. The above effects are fulfilled by regulation of cell cycle engine and other cell proliferation related proteins. In this paper we discussed their functions and cooperation with other signal pathways in regulation of cell proliferation.展开更多
The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） transcription factor plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes associated with proliferation, cell death, development, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. ...The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） transcription factor plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes associated with proliferation, cell death, development, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. NF-κB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by a family of inhibitory proteins known as inhibitors of NF-κB （IκBs）. The signal pathways leading to the liberation and nuclear accumulation of NF-κB, which can be activated by a wide variety of stimuli, have been extensively studied in the past two decades. After gaining access to the nucleus, NF-κB must be actively regulated to execute its fundamental function as a transcription factor. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of nuclear signaling in the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. A non-Rel subunit of NF-κB, ribosomal protein S3 （RPS3）, and numerous other nuclear regulators of NF-κB, including Akirin, Nurrl, SIRT6, and others, have recently been identified, unveiling novel and exciting layers of regulatory specificity for NF-κB in the nucleus. Further insights into the nuclear events that govern NF-κB function will deepen our understanding of the elegant control of its transcriptional activity and better inform the potential rational design of therapeutics for NF-κB-associated diseases.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site involved by lymphoma with the majority being non-Hodgkin type.Although lymphoma can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract,the most frequent sites in o...Gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site involved by lymphoma with the majority being non-Hodgkin type.Although lymphoma can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract,the most frequent sites in order of its occurrence are the stomach followed by small intestine and ileocecal region.Gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is usually secondary to the widespread nodal diseases and primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is relatively rare.Gastrointestinal lymphomas are usually not clinically specific and indistinguishable from other benign and malignant conditions.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common pathological type of gastrointestinal lymphoma in essentially all sites of the gastrointestinal tract,although recently the frequency of other forms has also increased in certain regions of the world.Although some radiological features such as bulky lymph nodes and maintenance of fat plane are more suggestive of lymphoma,they are not specific,thus mandating histopathological analysis for its definitive diagnosis.There has been a tremendous leap in the diagnosis,staging and management of gastrointestinal lymphoma in the last two decades attributed to a better insight into its etiology and molecular aspect as well as the knowledge about its critical signaling pathways.展开更多
基金supported by the Major StateBasic Research Project (Grant No. G1999053901).
文摘MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. At least three MAPI(families have been characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 MAPK. The above effects are fulfilled by regulation of cell cycle engine and other cell proliferation related proteins. In this paper we discussed their functions and cooperation with other signal pathways in regulation of cell proliferation.
文摘The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） transcription factor plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes associated with proliferation, cell death, development, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. NF-κB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by a family of inhibitory proteins known as inhibitors of NF-κB （IκBs）. The signal pathways leading to the liberation and nuclear accumulation of NF-κB, which can be activated by a wide variety of stimuli, have been extensively studied in the past two decades. After gaining access to the nucleus, NF-κB must be actively regulated to execute its fundamental function as a transcription factor. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of nuclear signaling in the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. A non-Rel subunit of NF-κB, ribosomal protein S3 （RPS3）, and numerous other nuclear regulators of NF-κB, including Akirin, Nurrl, SIRT6, and others, have recently been identified, unveiling novel and exciting layers of regulatory specificity for NF-κB in the nucleus. Further insights into the nuclear events that govern NF-κB function will deepen our understanding of the elegant control of its transcriptional activity and better inform the potential rational design of therapeutics for NF-κB-associated diseases.
基金Supported by Hubei Province Natural Science Fund of China,No.2009CDA071Wuhan University Independence Fund of China,No.303275894
文摘Gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site involved by lymphoma with the majority being non-Hodgkin type.Although lymphoma can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract,the most frequent sites in order of its occurrence are the stomach followed by small intestine and ileocecal region.Gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is usually secondary to the widespread nodal diseases and primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is relatively rare.Gastrointestinal lymphomas are usually not clinically specific and indistinguishable from other benign and malignant conditions.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common pathological type of gastrointestinal lymphoma in essentially all sites of the gastrointestinal tract,although recently the frequency of other forms has also increased in certain regions of the world.Although some radiological features such as bulky lymph nodes and maintenance of fat plane are more suggestive of lymphoma,they are not specific,thus mandating histopathological analysis for its definitive diagnosis.There has been a tremendous leap in the diagnosis,staging and management of gastrointestinal lymphoma in the last two decades attributed to a better insight into its etiology and molecular aspect as well as the knowledge about its critical signaling pathways.
