The timing and mechanisms of the human occupation of the demanding high-altitude Tibetan Plateau environment are of great interest.Here,we report on our reinvestigations and dating of the Nwya Devu site,located nearly...The timing and mechanisms of the human occupation of the demanding high-altitude Tibetan Plateau environment are of great interest.Here,we report on our reinvestigations and dating of the Nwya Devu site,located nearly 4600 meters above sea level on the central Tibetan Plateau.A new microblade techno-complex was identified on a lower lake shore at this site,distinct from the previously reported blade tool assemblage.These two lithic assemblages were dated to 45.6±2.6 and10.3±0.5 ka using optically stimulated luminescence and accelerator mass spectrometry^(14)C methods.They represent,respectively,the earliest known Paleolithic and microlithic sites on the interior Tibetan Plateau,indicating multiple occupation episodes of hunter-gatherers during the past 45 ka.Our studies reveal that relatively stable depositional conditions and a paleoenvironment characterized by a comparatively warm climate facilitated these multiple occupations at Nwya Devu.The contemporaneous occurrence of the Upper Paleolithic blade technology on the Tibetan Plateau and most of Eurasia between 50 and 40 ka indicates rapid,large-scale dispersals of humans that profoundly affected human demography on a large scale.Combining new archaeological evidence and previously reported genetic data,we conclude that the Tibetan Plateau provided a relatively stable habitat for Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers,which may have contributed to the complex and multiple-origin gene pool of present-day Tibetans.展开更多
鉴识南海北部历史上大规模海啸灾害事件及其指示特征与影响区域,对沿海地区海啸灾害的预测、评估和防范具有重要意义.现有南海北部古海啸灾害研究多集中于沿海陆地或海岛上零星保存的事件沉积物,而对沉积环境相对稳定且不易受后期改造...鉴识南海北部历史上大规模海啸灾害事件及其指示特征与影响区域,对沿海地区海啸灾害的预测、评估和防范具有重要意义.现有南海北部古海啸灾害研究多集中于沿海陆地或海岛上零星保存的事件沉积物,而对沉积环境相对稳定且不易受后期改造破坏的浅海沉积物关注很少.本文以汕头海门镇和惠州三门岛外海B01和D02钻孔的浅海岩芯为研究对象,通过沉积物粒度分析、地球化学指标、沉积环境和加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)^(14)C年代测定等,分别在B01和D02岩芯的195~228和72~105 cm深度鉴别出“海啸事件沉积层”.两个岩芯的事件层有着相似的形成年龄,介于1048~1108年的北宋年间.该层平均粒径较上下层位显著增加,显示为正粒序单层沉积结构、未见平行或交错纹层.层内贝壳碎屑丰富、“新老”共存,其沉积物特征性地球化学指标明显不同于上下层位,且在界面附近地球化学元素含量或元素比值呈现突变规律.综合南海内部及其周缘同期海啸或疑似海啸记录与历史文献记载,我们认为南海北部上千公里沿岸一带可能发生了与菲律宾、西沙和南沙群岛近于同期的海洋巨灾事件.如此空间规模的极端灾害很可能代表了北宋年间的超级海啸事件,其触发机制应主要受控于该时期马尼拉俯冲带M_(w)>8.0的超强地震.展开更多
于家沟遗址作为泥河湾盆地中唯一具有新旧石器工业过渡的典型遗址,为研究东亚旧石器向新石器时代过渡提供了理想的场所。本文通过于家沟遗址剖面沉积物(厚约550 cm)的加速器质谱法(AMS-^(14)C)年代测定,确定了于家沟剖面的年代跨度为16....于家沟遗址作为泥河湾盆地中唯一具有新旧石器工业过渡的典型遗址,为研究东亚旧石器向新石器时代过渡提供了理想的场所。本文通过于家沟遗址剖面沉积物(厚约550 cm)的加速器质谱法(AMS-^(14)C)年代测定,确定了于家沟剖面的年代跨度为16.19?—?2.43 ka BP,其中旧石器向新石器时代的转化时限为9.35 ka BP。该遗址中发现的最早陶器经同层位地层推测,其年代为13.60 ka BP,是目前中国北方发现的最早陶器。陶器的使用可能改善了古人类的生活条件;大量细石器反映出泥河湾盆地中采猎经济高度繁荣。因此,在晚更新世末期气候开始变暖的背景下陶器和细石器的出现一定程度推动了中国北方旧石器时代向新石器时代的转变。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41888101,41977380 and 42072033)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB26000000 and XDA2004010102)+3 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK0601)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21@WTK001)supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative Award(Grant No.2018VCA0016)the Je Tsongkhapa Endowment for Central and Inner Asian Archaeology at the University of Arizona。
文摘The timing and mechanisms of the human occupation of the demanding high-altitude Tibetan Plateau environment are of great interest.Here,we report on our reinvestigations and dating of the Nwya Devu site,located nearly 4600 meters above sea level on the central Tibetan Plateau.A new microblade techno-complex was identified on a lower lake shore at this site,distinct from the previously reported blade tool assemblage.These two lithic assemblages were dated to 45.6±2.6 and10.3±0.5 ka using optically stimulated luminescence and accelerator mass spectrometry^(14)C methods.They represent,respectively,the earliest known Paleolithic and microlithic sites on the interior Tibetan Plateau,indicating multiple occupation episodes of hunter-gatherers during the past 45 ka.Our studies reveal that relatively stable depositional conditions and a paleoenvironment characterized by a comparatively warm climate facilitated these multiple occupations at Nwya Devu.The contemporaneous occurrence of the Upper Paleolithic blade technology on the Tibetan Plateau and most of Eurasia between 50 and 40 ka indicates rapid,large-scale dispersals of humans that profoundly affected human demography on a large scale.Combining new archaeological evidence and previously reported genetic data,we conclude that the Tibetan Plateau provided a relatively stable habitat for Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers,which may have contributed to the complex and multiple-origin gene pool of present-day Tibetans.
文摘鉴识南海北部历史上大规模海啸灾害事件及其指示特征与影响区域,对沿海地区海啸灾害的预测、评估和防范具有重要意义.现有南海北部古海啸灾害研究多集中于沿海陆地或海岛上零星保存的事件沉积物,而对沉积环境相对稳定且不易受后期改造破坏的浅海沉积物关注很少.本文以汕头海门镇和惠州三门岛外海B01和D02钻孔的浅海岩芯为研究对象,通过沉积物粒度分析、地球化学指标、沉积环境和加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)^(14)C年代测定等,分别在B01和D02岩芯的195~228和72~105 cm深度鉴别出“海啸事件沉积层”.两个岩芯的事件层有着相似的形成年龄,介于1048~1108年的北宋年间.该层平均粒径较上下层位显著增加,显示为正粒序单层沉积结构、未见平行或交错纹层.层内贝壳碎屑丰富、“新老”共存,其沉积物特征性地球化学指标明显不同于上下层位,且在界面附近地球化学元素含量或元素比值呈现突变规律.综合南海内部及其周缘同期海啸或疑似海啸记录与历史文献记载,我们认为南海北部上千公里沿岸一带可能发生了与菲律宾、西沙和南沙群岛近于同期的海洋巨灾事件.如此空间规模的极端灾害很可能代表了北宋年间的超级海啸事件,其触发机制应主要受控于该时期马尼拉俯冲带M_(w)>8.0的超强地震.
文摘政和蛙岩崩塌是一处大型古岩崩遗迹,其堵塞闽江支流七星溪河谷形成外屯—湖屯一带长度超过10.5 km的古堰塞湖,其后的溃坝使堰塞湖水体泄空,细粒堆积物露出地表形成万亩良田。为了约束该古堰塞湖形成与溃坝的时代,对古堰塞湖沉积施工了1个深度8.5 m的浅钻,沿不同深度采集了8件AMS^(14)C测年样品,结果表明:堰塞湖沉积从地表至8.5 m深的^(14)C年龄从930~795 Cal BP至1528~1376 Cal BP,根据堰塞湖沉积顶部的最小年龄推测堰塞湖溃坝的时代(~0.8±0.1)ka BP,由沉积速率推算堰塞湖形成时代不早于(2.8±0.1)ka BP,表明蛙岩古堰塞湖形成于全新世晚期,这为古堰塞湖形成与消亡演化提供了一个研究实例。
文摘于家沟遗址作为泥河湾盆地中唯一具有新旧石器工业过渡的典型遗址,为研究东亚旧石器向新石器时代过渡提供了理想的场所。本文通过于家沟遗址剖面沉积物(厚约550 cm)的加速器质谱法(AMS-^(14)C)年代测定,确定了于家沟剖面的年代跨度为16.19?—?2.43 ka BP,其中旧石器向新石器时代的转化时限为9.35 ka BP。该遗址中发现的最早陶器经同层位地层推测,其年代为13.60 ka BP,是目前中国北方发现的最早陶器。陶器的使用可能改善了古人类的生活条件;大量细石器反映出泥河湾盆地中采猎经济高度繁荣。因此,在晚更新世末期气候开始变暖的背景下陶器和细石器的出现一定程度推动了中国北方旧石器时代向新石器时代的转变。
