The forecasting of the failure time of a slope remains a worldwide problem because of many different possibilities of geological conditions in combination with many varying external factors such as climate and vegetat...The forecasting of the failure time of a slope remains a worldwide problem because of many different possibilities of geological conditions in combination with many varying external factors such as climate and vegetation,and not well-defined or unknown time effects in deformation and failure models.The aim of this paper is to suggest a new method to carry out the phase division and to explore tangential angular features of the displacement-time curve of creep slopes as well as the acceleration characteristics in the process of slope deformation and the pre-warning criteria for critical failure.An imminent failure is pro-ceeded with usually three basic deformation phases,namely primary creep("decelerated") ,secondary creep("steadystate") and tertiary creep("accelerated") .Mostly,only during the accelerated phase the imminence of a possible slope failure is rec-ognized.The analysis of displacement data from a series of landslides allowed to recognize different evolutionary patterns of displacement.A quantitative approach was proposed to describe the tangential angle of the displacement-time curve and a new criterion based on the angle was put forward to divide the accelerated phase into three sub-phases:initial acceleration,medium acceleration,and the critical failure.A pre-warning criterion for critical failure is also proposed consequently. Changes of acceleration showed completely different characteristics from those of cumulative displacement and displacement in the process of slope deformation.The values of acceleration usually oscillate around 0 prior to the critical failure phase,whereas the acceleration increases abruptly when the deformation moves into the critical failure phase.This allows,therefore,for a method to forecast the time of the failure.So it is possible to define different alert acceleration threshold values to be used for emergency management.展开更多
为更好地运用全球海上遇险报警系统(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System,GMDSS),针对GMDSS的误报警、紧急无线电示位标(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon,EPIRB)使用及MF/HF海岸电台减少等带来的问题,提出完善GMDS...为更好地运用全球海上遇险报警系统(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System,GMDSS),针对GMDSS的误报警、紧急无线电示位标(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon,EPIRB)使用及MF/HF海岸电台减少等带来的问题,提出完善GMDSS系统遇险报警设计、确保卫星EPIRB可靠高效运行、合理均衡发展卫星与地面系统等应对措施.展开更多
The current situation of medical staff＇s awareness about high alert medication was investigated in order to promote safe medication and standardized management of the high alert medication in China. Twenty questions ...The current situation of medical staff＇s awareness about high alert medication was investigated in order to promote safe medication and standardized management of the high alert medication in China. Twenty questions were designed concerning elementary knowledge of high alert medications, storage management, medication issues and risks. In order to understand the knowledge level and education status of high alert medication, a convenient survey was conducted among 300 medical staffs in Tianjin. Medical staff＇s average score of high alert medication knowledge was 12.43±0.27, and the average scores of elementary knowledge of high alert medication, storage management, medication issues and risks were 3.38±0.11, 2.46±0.14, 3.17±0.11 and 3.41±0.12 respectively. Occupation（F=4.86, P=0.003）, education background（F=5.57, P=0.019） and professional titles（F=13.44, P≤0.001） contributed to the high alert medications knowledge scores. Currently, the most important channel to obtain high alert medication knowledge was hospital files or administrative rules, and clinical pharmacist seminars were the most popular education form. It was suggested that the high alert medication knowledge level of the medical staff needs to increase, and it might benefit from targeted, systematic and diverse training to the medical staff working in the different circulation nodes of the medications. Further research to develop and validate the instrument is needed.展开更多
基金supported by Ya-lung River Joint Research Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China and ErTan Hydropower Development Company Ltd.(Grants No.50579099)the National Basic Research Program"973"+2 种基金Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2008CB425801)the Creative Team Program of the Ministry of Education in China(Grant No. IRT0812)the Major Cultivation Project in University Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of the Ministry of Education,the Development of Monitoring and Forecast System for Geohazards Based on WEB
文摘The forecasting of the failure time of a slope remains a worldwide problem because of many different possibilities of geological conditions in combination with many varying external factors such as climate and vegetation,and not well-defined or unknown time effects in deformation and failure models.The aim of this paper is to suggest a new method to carry out the phase division and to explore tangential angular features of the displacement-time curve of creep slopes as well as the acceleration characteristics in the process of slope deformation and the pre-warning criteria for critical failure.An imminent failure is pro-ceeded with usually three basic deformation phases,namely primary creep("decelerated") ,secondary creep("steadystate") and tertiary creep("accelerated") .Mostly,only during the accelerated phase the imminence of a possible slope failure is rec-ognized.The analysis of displacement data from a series of landslides allowed to recognize different evolutionary patterns of displacement.A quantitative approach was proposed to describe the tangential angle of the displacement-time curve and a new criterion based on the angle was put forward to divide the accelerated phase into three sub-phases:initial acceleration,medium acceleration,and the critical failure.A pre-warning criterion for critical failure is also proposed consequently. Changes of acceleration showed completely different characteristics from those of cumulative displacement and displacement in the process of slope deformation.The values of acceleration usually oscillate around 0 prior to the critical failure phase,whereas the acceleration increases abruptly when the deformation moves into the critical failure phase.This allows,therefore,for a method to forecast the time of the failure.So it is possible to define different alert acceleration threshold values to be used for emergency management.
文摘为更好地运用全球海上遇险报警系统(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System,GMDSS),针对GMDSS的误报警、紧急无线电示位标(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon,EPIRB)使用及MF/HF海岸电台减少等带来的问题,提出完善GMDSS系统遇险报警设计、确保卫星EPIRB可靠高效运行、合理均衡发展卫星与地面系统等应对措施.
基金supported by grants from Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses Foundation of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China(No2014QN136)Natural Science Foundation of Hube Province,China(No.2014CFB955)
文摘The current situation of medical staff＇s awareness about high alert medication was investigated in order to promote safe medication and standardized management of the high alert medication in China. Twenty questions were designed concerning elementary knowledge of high alert medications, storage management, medication issues and risks. In order to understand the knowledge level and education status of high alert medication, a convenient survey was conducted among 300 medical staffs in Tianjin. Medical staff＇s average score of high alert medication knowledge was 12.43±0.27, and the average scores of elementary knowledge of high alert medication, storage management, medication issues and risks were 3.38±0.11, 2.46±0.14, 3.17±0.11 and 3.41±0.12 respectively. Occupation（F=4.86, P=0.003）, education background（F=5.57, P=0.019） and professional titles（F=13.44, P≤0.001） contributed to the high alert medications knowledge scores. Currently, the most important channel to obtain high alert medication knowledge was hospital files or administrative rules, and clinical pharmacist seminars were the most popular education form. It was suggested that the high alert medication knowledge level of the medical staff needs to increase, and it might benefit from targeted, systematic and diverse training to the medical staff working in the different circulation nodes of the medications. Further research to develop and validate the instrument is needed.
