Objective：To observe the therapeutic effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule（养血清脑颗粒, YXQNG） on cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and to investigate its impact on oxidative stress,apopto...Objective：To observe the therapeutic effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule（养血清脑颗粒, YXQNG） on cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and to investigate its impact on oxidative stress,apoptosis,and the cholinergic system.Methods：Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries（2-VO）.Thirty rats were randomly assigned to one of the five treatment groups in a 1：1：1：1：1 ratio：sham operation plus normal saline treatment,2-VO plus normal saline treatment,2-VO plus YXQNG at a dose of 2 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1） or 4 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1）, or 2-VO plus rivastigmine 2 mgkg^（-1）·d^（-1）.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the spatial memory retrieval.Apoptosis,total antioxide capacity（T-AOC）,acetylcholine esterase（AchE） and choline acetyl transferase（ChAT） activities in the hippocampus and the cortex were investigated.Results：In the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model,the 2-VO plus saline treatment resulted in impaired special learning as shown by the significantly prolonged escape latency and shorter swim time in the first quadrant as compared to the sham operation.The impairment was associated with apoptosis and significant decreases in T-AOC,AchE and ChAT activities in the hippocampus and the cortex.Treatment with YXQNG at either 2 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1） or 4 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1） dose,or rivastigmine resulted in significantly shorter escape latencies and longer swim time in the first quadrant.YXQNG at both doses,but not rivastigmine,had significant reduction in apoptosis,and significant increases in T-AOC and ChAT activity in both the hippocampus and the cortex.Unlike rivastigmine,neither dose of YXQNG showed significant reduction in AchE activity.Conclusions：YXQNG ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.The protective effect may be mediated through its regulation of apoptosis and activities of T-AOC and C展开更多
Schwann cells （SCs） are significantly better at promoting neural stem cell （NSCs） proliferation, differentiation and synaptic formation when cocultured with NSCs in vitro, compared with cultured in a single nerve ...Schwann cells （SCs） are significantly better at promoting neural stem cell （NSCs） proliferation, differentiation and synaptic formation when cocultured with NSCs in vitro, compared with cultured in a single nerve growth factor. The present study transplanted NSCs and SCs into the brain of a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease to investigate the effect of cotransplantation. Results show transplantation of both NSCs alone and NSCs ＋ SCs significantly promoted learning and memory functions in Alzheimer＇s disease rats, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein and calcium binding protein S100β expression, but increased expression of the cholinergic neuron marker choline acetyl transferase mRNA. The effect of NSCs ＋ SCs cotransplantation was, however, more significant. NSCs and SCs cotransplantation significantly reduced the number of astrocytes and increased cholinergic neurons, facilitating the recovery of learning and memory function, compared with NSCs transplantation alone.展开更多
BACKGROUND： To date, no drugs are able to halt the progression of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Neural stem cells （NSCs） transplantation has been widely used to treat AD, but the mechanism of AD treatment remains un...BACKGROUND： To date, no drugs are able to halt the progression of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Neural stem cells （NSCs） transplantation has been widely used to treat AD, but the mechanism of AD treatment remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe changes in protein and factors in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of AD rats following NSCs transplantation, and to understand mechanism of action of NSCs transplantation in AD treatment. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal study was conducted at the First Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, China from July 2007 to March 2009. MATERIALS： NSCs were harvested from the hippocampus of 10 E16 Wistar rats. METHODS： A total of 57 male adult Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into normal control, AD model and NSCs groups. AD models were established in the AD model and NSCs groups by bilateral removal of hippocampus. At 2 weeks postsurgery, NSCs were transplanted into the hippocampus of rats from the NSCs group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Protein levels were measured in the hippocampus of rats from normal control, NSCs and AD model groups using proteomics. Expression of choline acetyl transferase mRNA, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β was measured in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of rats using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Expression of choline acetyl transferase mRNA, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, F-actin and actin was significantly higher in the NSCs group compared with AD model group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β expression was less in the NSCs group compared with AD model group. CONCLUSlOIN： NSCs implanted into the brain may generate new neural cells, which can relieve damage to the cholinergic system and resist apoptosis. NSCs transplantation plays a protective role in the cholinergic system in the AD rats to some extent.展开更多
The simulation is carried out by employing the method of molecular dynamics with the single chain of konjac glucomannan （KGM） in vacuum as the structural model to discuss the factors that affect the single chain str...The simulation is carried out by employing the method of molecular dynamics with the single chain of konjac glucomannan （KGM） in vacuum as the structural model to discuss the factors that affect the single chain structure, the dynamic structure of the chain and the acting forces that maintain the chain structure. The results show that the shape and stability of the chain are affected by the degree of polymerization. As for the KGM with high degree of polymerization, its chain presents random coiling state and its stability declines. Both before and after deacetylation in the process of dynamic motion, the chain of KGM presents random coiling state with periodic variation of extension and coil and demonstrates favorable flexibility, indicating acetyl is not the main factor that affects the shape of chain, whereas dihedral angle and static actions are respectively the key bonding and nonbonding acting forces that influence the single chain conformations in vacuum.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A).Methods:Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the r...Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A).Methods:Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear.After 6 hrs,cutting out the ear quantitated the response.The cut ear was weighed and the increase in weight relative to control group was evaluated.Results:When co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear extract of V.A.produced a reduction in the inflammatory response when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear.The extract produced(69.1 +2.0)%reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone,lower than the reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid[(71.1±2.0)%].Conclusions:This finding suggests that extract of V.A.exhibits antiinflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the clinic values of combining test of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP-9）, acetyl heparinase （Hpa） and Cathepsin L （CL） in diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods： Serum levels of...Objective： To investigate the clinic values of combining test of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP-9）, acetyl heparinase （Hpa） and Cathepsin L （CL） in diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods： Serum levels of MMP-9, Hpa and CL were detected in a total of 418 cases, including 217 cases with ovarian malignant tumor, 100 cases with ovarian benign tumor and 101 healthy controls, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Their correlation with clinicopathologic feature of ovarian malignant tumor was analyzed and their diagnosis performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic （ROC）. The combined diagnosis model was established by logistic regression analysis. Results： The serum levels of MMP-9, Hpa and CL were significantly higher in patients with ovarian malignant tumor than in benign tumor and healthy control, the serum levels of CL and Hpa were higher in epithelial cancer than in non-epithelial tumor, and MMP-9, Hpa and CL were elevated in low grade and advanced stage compared to high grade and early stage. The sensitivity for diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor from high to low was CL, Hpa and MMP-9, and the specificity was MMP-9, CL and Hpa. The united diagnosis model was established and showed the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were 84.6% and 82.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than a single tumor marker. Conclusion： Serum MMP-9, Hpa and CL were correlated with ovarian malignant tumor and the combined detection of which may be valuable for clinical diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor.展开更多
Nestin＋ neurons have been shown to express choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. This study explored the projection of nestin＋ neu-rons to the olfactory bulb a...Nestin＋ neurons have been shown to express choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. This study explored the projection of nestin＋ neu-rons to the olfactory bulb and the time course of nestin＋ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats during injury recovery after olfactory nerve transection. This study observed that all nestin＋ neurons were double-labeled with ChAT in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Approximately 53.6% of nestin~ neurons were projected to the olfactory bulb and co-labeled with fast blue. A large number of nestin~ neurons were not present in each region of the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Nestin＋ neurons in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca showed obvious compensatory function. The number of nestin＋ neurons decreased to a minimum later than nestin/CHAT＋ neurons in the medial sep- turn-diagonal band of Broca. The results suggest that nestin＋ cholinergic neurons may have a closer connection to olfactory bulb neurons. Nestin＋ cholinergic neurons may have a stronger tolerance to injury than Nestin/CHAT＋ neurons. The difference between nestin＋ and nestin-/ ChAT＋ neurons during the recovery process requires further investigations.展开更多
In the present study we injected colchicine into the lateral ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of colchicine on the number of different-type neurons in the basal forebrain and to search for n...In the present study we injected colchicine into the lateral ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of colchicine on the number of different-type neurons in the basal forebrain and to search for neurons resistant to injury. After colchicine injection, the number of nestin^＋ cholinergic neurons was decreased at 1 day, but increased at 3 days and peaked at 14-28 days. The quantity of nestincholinergic neurons, parvalbumin-positive neurons and choline acetyl transferase-positive neurons decreased gradually. Our results indicate that nestin^＋ cholinergic neurons possess better tolerance to colchicine-induced neurotoxicity.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate pharmacological mimetic action of herbal extract Desmodium gangeticum (DC) roots on ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:With the help of Langendroff perfusion technique,ischemic post condition(PO...Objective:To evaluate pharmacological mimetic action of herbal extract Desmodium gangeticum (DC) roots on ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:With the help of Langendroff perfusion technique,ischemic post condition(POC) mimetic action of DG methanol root extract was evaluated and compared by using standard drugs that acts as muscarinic receptor agonist and antagonist,namely acetylcholine(Ach) and atropine(Atr) respectively in an isolated rat heart. Results:The physiological parameters like left ventricular developed pressure,end diastolic pressure and working index of isolated rat heart showed significant recovery in DG root extract administrated rat heart,similar to the recovery by POC.Kymogram results showed muscarinic receptor agonist like action for DG methanol root extract,confirmed in rat heart by muscarnic receptor agonist(acetylcholine) and anatoginst(atropine).Administration of DC root extract prior to reperfusion showed better antioxidant status in myocardial tissue homogenate and mitochondrial,complemented by the levels of cardiac specific marker proteins in myocardial tissue and perfusate.Even though DG methanol root extract mimics its action similar to that of Ach,the myocardial protection mediated by the extract was superior to Ach,due to the presence of antioxidants in the crude extract.Conclusions:DG methanol root extract provides myocardial protection towards IRI by stimulating muscarinic receptors.展开更多
文摘Objective：To observe the therapeutic effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule（养血清脑颗粒, YXQNG） on cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and to investigate its impact on oxidative stress,apoptosis,and the cholinergic system.Methods：Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries（2-VO）.Thirty rats were randomly assigned to one of the five treatment groups in a 1：1：1：1：1 ratio：sham operation plus normal saline treatment,2-VO plus normal saline treatment,2-VO plus YXQNG at a dose of 2 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1） or 4 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1）, or 2-VO plus rivastigmine 2 mgkg^（-1）·d^（-1）.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the spatial memory retrieval.Apoptosis,total antioxide capacity（T-AOC）,acetylcholine esterase（AchE） and choline acetyl transferase（ChAT） activities in the hippocampus and the cortex were investigated.Results：In the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model,the 2-VO plus saline treatment resulted in impaired special learning as shown by the significantly prolonged escape latency and shorter swim time in the first quadrant as compared to the sham operation.The impairment was associated with apoptosis and significant decreases in T-AOC,AchE and ChAT activities in the hippocampus and the cortex.Treatment with YXQNG at either 2 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1） or 4 g·kg（-1）·d^（-1） dose,or rivastigmine resulted in significantly shorter escape latencies and longer swim time in the first quadrant.YXQNG at both doses,but not rivastigmine,had significant reduction in apoptosis,and significant increases in T-AOC and ChAT activity in both the hippocampus and the cortex.Unlike rivastigmine,neither dose of YXQNG showed significant reduction in AchE activity.Conclusions：YXQNG ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.The protective effect may be mediated through its regulation of apoptosis and activities of T-AOC and C
基金the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Jilin Province, No. 200505204, 200705129
文摘Schwann cells （SCs） are significantly better at promoting neural stem cell （NSCs） proliferation, differentiation and synaptic formation when cocultured with NSCs in vitro, compared with cultured in a single nerve growth factor. The present study transplanted NSCs and SCs into the brain of a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease to investigate the effect of cotransplantation. Results show transplantation of both NSCs alone and NSCs ＋ SCs significantly promoted learning and memory functions in Alzheimer＇s disease rats, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein and calcium binding protein S100β expression, but increased expression of the cholinergic neuron marker choline acetyl transferase mRNA. The effect of NSCs ＋ SCs cotransplantation was, however, more significant. NSCs and SCs cotransplantation significantly reduced the number of astrocytes and increased cholinergic neurons, facilitating the recovery of learning and memory function, compared with NSCs transplantation alone.
基金the Jilin Pro-vincial Technology Devel-opment Foundation, No. 200505204, 200705129the Postdoctorate Founda-tion from Northeast Normal University, No. 111258000
文摘BACKGROUND： To date, no drugs are able to halt the progression of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Neural stem cells （NSCs） transplantation has been widely used to treat AD, but the mechanism of AD treatment remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe changes in protein and factors in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of AD rats following NSCs transplantation, and to understand mechanism of action of NSCs transplantation in AD treatment. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal study was conducted at the First Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, China from July 2007 to March 2009. MATERIALS： NSCs were harvested from the hippocampus of 10 E16 Wistar rats. METHODS： A total of 57 male adult Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into normal control, AD model and NSCs groups. AD models were established in the AD model and NSCs groups by bilateral removal of hippocampus. At 2 weeks postsurgery, NSCs were transplanted into the hippocampus of rats from the NSCs group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Protein levels were measured in the hippocampus of rats from normal control, NSCs and AD model groups using proteomics. Expression of choline acetyl transferase mRNA, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β was measured in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of rats using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Expression of choline acetyl transferase mRNA, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, F-actin and actin was significantly higher in the NSCs group compared with AD model group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β expression was less in the NSCs group compared with AD model group. CONCLUSlOIN： NSCs implanted into the brain may generate new neural cells, which can relieve damage to the cholinergic system and resist apoptosis. NSCs transplantation plays a protective role in the cholinergic system in the AD rats to some extent.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371009), Science Foundation of Fujian Department of Education (JA03059) and Key Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province (2003Y008)
文摘The simulation is carried out by employing the method of molecular dynamics with the single chain of konjac glucomannan （KGM） in vacuum as the structural model to discuss the factors that affect the single chain structure, the dynamic structure of the chain and the acting forces that maintain the chain structure. The results show that the shape and stability of the chain are affected by the degree of polymerization. As for the KGM with high degree of polymerization, its chain presents random coiling state and its stability declines. Both before and after deacetylation in the process of dynamic motion, the chain of KGM presents random coiling state with periodic variation of extension and coil and demonstrates favorable flexibility, indicating acetyl is not the main factor that affects the shape of chain, whereas dihedral angle and static actions are respectively the key bonding and nonbonding acting forces that influence the single chain conformations in vacuum.
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A).Methods:Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear.After 6 hrs,cutting out the ear quantitated the response.The cut ear was weighed and the increase in weight relative to control group was evaluated.Results:When co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear extract of V.A.produced a reduction in the inflammatory response when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear.The extract produced(69.1 +2.0)%reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone,lower than the reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid[(71.1±2.0)%].Conclusions:This finding suggests that extract of V.A.exhibits antiinflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.
基金supported by a grant from the Provincial Research Project Funding of Guangxi,China (No. GSR 9817101)
文摘Objective： To investigate the clinic values of combining test of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP-9）, acetyl heparinase （Hpa） and Cathepsin L （CL） in diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods： Serum levels of MMP-9, Hpa and CL were detected in a total of 418 cases, including 217 cases with ovarian malignant tumor, 100 cases with ovarian benign tumor and 101 healthy controls, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Their correlation with clinicopathologic feature of ovarian malignant tumor was analyzed and their diagnosis performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic （ROC）. The combined diagnosis model was established by logistic regression analysis. Results： The serum levels of MMP-9, Hpa and CL were significantly higher in patients with ovarian malignant tumor than in benign tumor and healthy control, the serum levels of CL and Hpa were higher in epithelial cancer than in non-epithelial tumor, and MMP-9, Hpa and CL were elevated in low grade and advanced stage compared to high grade and early stage. The sensitivity for diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor from high to low was CL, Hpa and MMP-9, and the specificity was MMP-9, CL and Hpa. The united diagnosis model was established and showed the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were 84.6% and 82.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than a single tumor marker. Conclusion： Serum MMP-9, Hpa and CL were correlated with ovarian malignant tumor and the combined detection of which may be valuable for clinical diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor.
基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China,No.S2011040004372the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.11ykpy05
文摘Nestin＋ neurons have been shown to express choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. This study explored the projection of nestin＋ neu-rons to the olfactory bulb and the time course of nestin＋ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats during injury recovery after olfactory nerve transection. This study observed that all nestin＋ neurons were double-labeled with ChAT in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Approximately 53.6% of nestin~ neurons were projected to the olfactory bulb and co-labeled with fast blue. A large number of nestin~ neurons were not present in each region of the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Nestin＋ neurons in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca showed obvious compensatory function. The number of nestin＋ neurons decreased to a minimum later than nestin/CHAT＋ neurons in the medial sep- turn-diagonal band of Broca. The results suggest that nestin＋ cholinergic neurons may have a closer connection to olfactory bulb neurons. Nestin＋ cholinergic neurons may have a stronger tolerance to injury than Nestin/CHAT＋ neurons. The difference between nestin＋ and nestin-/ ChAT＋ neurons during the recovery process requires further investigations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30700436
文摘In the present study we injected colchicine into the lateral ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of colchicine on the number of different-type neurons in the basal forebrain and to search for neurons resistant to injury. After colchicine injection, the number of nestin^＋ cholinergic neurons was decreased at 1 day, but increased at 3 days and peaked at 14-28 days. The quantity of nestincholinergic neurons, parvalbumin-positive neurons and choline acetyl transferase-positive neurons decreased gradually. Our results indicate that nestin^＋ cholinergic neurons possess better tolerance to colchicine-induced neurotoxicity.
文摘Objective:To evaluate pharmacological mimetic action of herbal extract Desmodium gangeticum (DC) roots on ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:With the help of Langendroff perfusion technique,ischemic post condition(POC) mimetic action of DG methanol root extract was evaluated and compared by using standard drugs that acts as muscarinic receptor agonist and antagonist,namely acetylcholine(Ach) and atropine(Atr) respectively in an isolated rat heart. Results:The physiological parameters like left ventricular developed pressure,end diastolic pressure and working index of isolated rat heart showed significant recovery in DG root extract administrated rat heart,similar to the recovery by POC.Kymogram results showed muscarinic receptor agonist like action for DG methanol root extract,confirmed in rat heart by muscarnic receptor agonist(acetylcholine) and anatoginst(atropine).Administration of DC root extract prior to reperfusion showed better antioxidant status in myocardial tissue homogenate and mitochondrial,complemented by the levels of cardiac specific marker proteins in myocardial tissue and perfusate.Even though DG methanol root extract mimics its action similar to that of Ach,the myocardial protection mediated by the extract was superior to Ach,due to the presence of antioxidants in the crude extract.Conclusions:DG methanol root extract provides myocardial protection towards IRI by stimulating muscarinic receptors.
