以美味猕猴桃[Actinidia deliciosa(A.chev.)C.F.Liang et A.R.Ferguson]“布鲁诺”(Bruno)果实为试材,研究(20±1℃)后熟过程中乙烯生成、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化。结果表明:猕猴桃果实具有典型的乙烯跃变峰...以美味猕猴桃[Actinidia deliciosa(A.chev.)C.F.Liang et A.R.Ferguson]“布鲁诺”(Bruno)果实为试材,研究(20±1℃)后熟过程中乙烯生成、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化。结果表明:猕猴桃果实具有典型的乙烯跃变峰,峰值出现在采后第11天左右;SOD活性变化与ACC含量变化呈显著正相关(r=0.6766^(?));过氧化物酶活性峰值于乙烯跃变峰之后出现。果实可溶性固型物(TSS)含量在整个后熟过程中呈持续上升趋势。SOD可能参与了猕猴桃果实的后熟调节,在乙烯生物合成过程中起重要作用;POD活性变化可以作为猕猴桃果实组织衰老的一个参数。展开更多
For automated vehicles,comfortable driving will improve passengers’ satisfaction.Reducing fuel consumption brings economic profits for car owners,decreases the impact on the environment and increases energy sustainab...For automated vehicles,comfortable driving will improve passengers’ satisfaction.Reducing fuel consumption brings economic profits for car owners,decreases the impact on the environment and increases energy sustainability.In addition to comfort and fuel-economy,automated vehicles also have the basic requirements of safety and car-following.For this purpose,an adaptive cruise control (ACC) algorithm with multi-objectives is proposed based on a model predictive control (MPC) framework.In the proposed ACC algorithm,safety is guaranteed by constraining the inter-distance within a safe range; the requirements of comfort and car-following are considered to be the performance criteria and some optimal reference trajectories are introduced to increase fuel-economy.The performances of the proposed ACC algorithm are simulated and analyzed in five representative traffic scenarios and multiple experiments.The results show that not only are safety and car-following objectives satisfied,but also driving comfort and fuel-economy are improved significantly.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars, ‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process ...The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars, ‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production and 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment, ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage (stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’ than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh- ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-in- duced expression patterns of Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhib-ited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in ‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding.展开更多
文摘以美味猕猴桃[Actinidia deliciosa(A.chev.)C.F.Liang et A.R.Ferguson]“布鲁诺”(Bruno)果实为试材,研究(20±1℃)后熟过程中乙烯生成、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化。结果表明:猕猴桃果实具有典型的乙烯跃变峰,峰值出现在采后第11天左右;SOD活性变化与ACC含量变化呈显著正相关(r=0.6766^(?));过氧化物酶活性峰值于乙烯跃变峰之后出现。果实可溶性固型物(TSS)含量在整个后熟过程中呈持续上升趋势。SOD可能参与了猕猴桃果实的后熟调节,在乙烯生物合成过程中起重要作用;POD活性变化可以作为猕猴桃果实组织衰老的一个参数。
基金Project supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Develop-ment Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA11Z204)the Qianji-ang Program of Zhejiang Province (No. 2009R10008)
文摘For automated vehicles,comfortable driving will improve passengers’ satisfaction.Reducing fuel consumption brings economic profits for car owners,decreases the impact on the environment and increases energy sustainability.In addition to comfort and fuel-economy,automated vehicles also have the basic requirements of safety and car-following.For this purpose,an adaptive cruise control (ACC) algorithm with multi-objectives is proposed based on a model predictive control (MPC) framework.In the proposed ACC algorithm,safety is guaranteed by constraining the inter-distance within a safe range; the requirements of comfort and car-following are considered to be the performance criteria and some optimal reference trajectories are introduced to increase fuel-economy.The performances of the proposed ACC algorithm are simulated and analyzed in five representative traffic scenarios and multiple experiments.The results show that not only are safety and car-following objectives satisfied,but also driving comfort and fuel-economy are improved significantly.
基金This work was supported by the Nat ional Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30471220).
文摘The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars, ‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production and 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment, ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage (stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’ than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh- ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-in- duced expression patterns of Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhib-ited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in ‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding.
