Let A and B be rings and U a(B,A)-bimodule.If BU is flat and UA is finitely generated projective(resp.,BU is finitely generated projective and UA is flat),then the characterizations of level modules and Gorenstein AC-...Let A and B be rings and U a(B,A)-bimodule.If BU is flat and UA is finitely generated projective(resp.,BU is finitely generated projective and UA is flat),then the characterizations of level modules and Gorenstein AC-projective modules(resp.,absolutely clean modules and Gorenstein AC-injective modules)over the formal triangular matrix ring T=(A0 UB)are given.As applications,it is proved that every Gorenstein AC-projective left T-module is projective if and only if each Gorenstein AC-projective left A-module and B-module is projective,and every Gorenstein AC-injective left T-module is injective if and only if each Gorenstein AC-injective left A-module and B-module is injective.Moreover,Gorenstein AC-projective and AC-injective dimensions over the formal triangular matrix ring T are studied.展开更多
This paper proposes a cableless in-piping magnetic actuator that exhibits a very high-speed locomotion into inner pipe of 8 mm. The cableless magnetic actuator is moved according to the vibration amplitude and resonan...This paper proposes a cableless in-piping magnetic actuator that exhibits a very high-speed locomotion into inner pipe of 8 mm. The cableless magnetic actuator is moved according to the vibration amplitude and resonance energy of a mass-spring system excited by using an electromagnetic force. The iron core size of the bobbin type electromagnet was roughly designed by computer simulation and then optimized experimentally. The proposed actuator incorporates an electrical inverter that directly transforms DC from button batteries into AC. The electrical DC-AC inverter incorporates a mass-spring system, a reed switch and a curved permanent magnet that switch under an electromagnetic force. The duty ratio is changed into this electrical inverter by changing the position of the curved magnet and the reed switch. Experimental result demonstrates that the cableless magnetic actuator was able to move horizontally at 471 m, and horizontal speed at 327 mm/s when Maxell SR621W silver-oxide button batteries were used.展开更多
不对称交流电网下的功率波动将引起模块化多电平换流器子模块能量的不平衡,进而影响模块化多电平变流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)的动态性能。基于不对称交流电网下MMC桥臂瞬时功率的分析,确...不对称交流电网下的功率波动将引起模块化多电平换流器子模块能量的不平衡,进而影响模块化多电平变流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)的动态性能。基于不对称交流电网下MMC桥臂瞬时功率的分析,确定换流器内部子模块电容电压及桥臂环流的控制目标。在此基础上,提出一种基于子模块电容电压预估的最近电平调制和基于桥臂环流预估的直接环流控制,两者相结合的复合控制策略。不论交流系统对称与否,在所提出的控制策略下,均能保证换流器上下桥臂间,三相间以及总子模块电容电压的相对平衡,实现对基频及二倍频谐波环流的抑制。基于PSCAD/EMTDC,建立两端MMCHVDC仿真模型,分别在有功功率和直流电压控制站进行不对称交流电网的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够保证故障期间子模块电容电压平均值保持恒定,直流电压不会由于二倍频零序瞬时功率出现二倍频波动,系统故障穿越能力得以提升。展开更多
The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/D...The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.展开更多
基金partly supported by NSF of China(grants 11761047 and 11861043).
文摘Let A and B be rings and U a(B,A)-bimodule.If BU is flat and UA is finitely generated projective(resp.,BU is finitely generated projective and UA is flat),then the characterizations of level modules and Gorenstein AC-projective modules(resp.,absolutely clean modules and Gorenstein AC-injective modules)over the formal triangular matrix ring T=(A0 UB)are given.As applications,it is proved that every Gorenstein AC-projective left T-module is projective if and only if each Gorenstein AC-projective left A-module and B-module is projective,and every Gorenstein AC-injective left T-module is injective if and only if each Gorenstein AC-injective left A-module and B-module is injective.Moreover,Gorenstein AC-projective and AC-injective dimensions over the formal triangular matrix ring T are studied.
文摘This paper proposes a cableless in-piping magnetic actuator that exhibits a very high-speed locomotion into inner pipe of 8 mm. The cableless magnetic actuator is moved according to the vibration amplitude and resonance energy of a mass-spring system excited by using an electromagnetic force. The iron core size of the bobbin type electromagnet was roughly designed by computer simulation and then optimized experimentally. The proposed actuator incorporates an electrical inverter that directly transforms DC from button batteries into AC. The electrical DC-AC inverter incorporates a mass-spring system, a reed switch and a curved permanent magnet that switch under an electromagnetic force. The duty ratio is changed into this electrical inverter by changing the position of the curved magnet and the reed switch. Experimental result demonstrates that the cableless magnetic actuator was able to move horizontally at 471 m, and horizontal speed at 327 mm/s when Maxell SR621W silver-oxide button batteries were used.
文摘不对称交流电网下的功率波动将引起模块化多电平换流器子模块能量的不平衡,进而影响模块化多电平变流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)的动态性能。基于不对称交流电网下MMC桥臂瞬时功率的分析,确定换流器内部子模块电容电压及桥臂环流的控制目标。在此基础上,提出一种基于子模块电容电压预估的最近电平调制和基于桥臂环流预估的直接环流控制,两者相结合的复合控制策略。不论交流系统对称与否,在所提出的控制策略下,均能保证换流器上下桥臂间,三相间以及总子模块电容电压的相对平衡,实现对基频及二倍频谐波环流的抑制。基于PSCAD/EMTDC,建立两端MMCHVDC仿真模型,分别在有功功率和直流电压控制站进行不对称交流电网的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够保证故障期间子模块电容电压平均值保持恒定,直流电压不会由于二倍频零序瞬时功率出现二倍频波动,系统故障穿越能力得以提升。
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0900500,2017YFB0903100)the State Grid Science and Technology Project (SGRI-DL-F1-51-011)
文摘The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.
