Effects of CO2 level （ambient vs. elevated） on the interactions among three cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） genotypes, the cotton aphid （Aphis gossypii Glover）, and its hymenoptera parasitoid （Lysiphlebiajaponica A...Effects of CO2 level （ambient vs. elevated） on the interactions among three cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） genotypes, the cotton aphid （Aphis gossypii Glover）, and its hymenoptera parasitoid （Lysiphlebiajaponica Ashrnead） were quantified. It was hypothesized that aphid-parasitoid interactions in crop systems may be altered by elevated CO2, and that the degree of change is influenced by plant genotype. The cotton genotypes had high （M9101）, medium （HZ401） and low （ZMS13） gossypol contents, and the response to elevated CO2 was genotype-specific. Elevated C02 increased the ratio of total non-structural carbohydrates to nitrogen （TNC ： N） in the high-gossypol genotype and the mediumgossypol genotype. For all three genotypes, elevated CO2 had no effect on concentrations of gossypol and condensed tannins. A. gossypii fitness declined when aphids were reared on the high-gossypol genotype versus the low-gossypol genotype under elevated CO2. Furthermore, elevated CO2 decreased the developmental time of L. japonica associated with the high-gossypol genotype and the low-gossypol genotype, but did not affect parasitism or emergence rates. Our study suggests that the abundance of A. gossypii on cotton will not be directly affected by increases in atmospheric CO2. We speculate that A. gossypii may diminish in pest status in elevated COz and high-gossypol genotype environments because of reduced fitness to the high-gossypol genotype and shorter developmental time of L. japonica.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the impact of the ITGA2 gene polymorphism on gastric cancer risk. METHODS： A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, including 307 gastric cancer patients and 307 age- and gender-matched co...AIM： To evaluate the impact of the ITGA2 gene polymorphism on gastric cancer risk. METHODS： A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, including 307 gastric cancer patients and 307 age- and gender-matched control subjects. The genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS： The frequencies of the wild and variant genotypes in cases were significantly different from those of controls （P = 0.019）. Compared with individuals with the wild genotype CC, subjects with the variant genotypes （CT ＋ IT） had a significantly higher risk of gastric cancer （adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.13-2.17, P = 0.007）. In stratified analyses, the elevated gastric cancer risk was especially evident in older individuals aged 〉 58 years, nonsmokers and rural subjects. Further analyses revealed that the variant genotypes were associated with poor tumor differentiation and adjacent organ invasion in the sub-analysis of gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSION： The ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, differentiation and invasion of gastric cancer.展开更多
Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),whi...Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.展开更多
文摘Effects of CO2 level （ambient vs. elevated） on the interactions among three cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） genotypes, the cotton aphid （Aphis gossypii Glover）, and its hymenoptera parasitoid （Lysiphlebiajaponica Ashrnead） were quantified. It was hypothesized that aphid-parasitoid interactions in crop systems may be altered by elevated CO2, and that the degree of change is influenced by plant genotype. The cotton genotypes had high （M9101）, medium （HZ401） and low （ZMS13） gossypol contents, and the response to elevated CO2 was genotype-specific. Elevated C02 increased the ratio of total non-structural carbohydrates to nitrogen （TNC ： N） in the high-gossypol genotype and the mediumgossypol genotype. For all three genotypes, elevated CO2 had no effect on concentrations of gossypol and condensed tannins. A. gossypii fitness declined when aphids were reared on the high-gossypol genotype versus the low-gossypol genotype under elevated CO2. Furthermore, elevated CO2 decreased the developmental time of L. japonica associated with the high-gossypol genotype and the low-gossypol genotype, but did not affect parasitism or emergence rates. Our study suggests that the abundance of A. gossypii on cotton will not be directly affected by increases in atmospheric CO2. We speculate that A. gossypii may diminish in pest status in elevated COz and high-gossypol genotype environments because of reduced fitness to the high-gossypol genotype and shorter developmental time of L. japonica.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of Chi-na,No. 30873099Nanjing Medical University start-up research fund for Wang XRthe Natural Science Foundation of education Department,Jiangsu Province,No. 08KJB320004
文摘AIM： To evaluate the impact of the ITGA2 gene polymorphism on gastric cancer risk. METHODS： A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, including 307 gastric cancer patients and 307 age- and gender-matched control subjects. The genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS： The frequencies of the wild and variant genotypes in cases were significantly different from those of controls （P = 0.019）. Compared with individuals with the wild genotype CC, subjects with the variant genotypes （CT ＋ IT） had a significantly higher risk of gastric cancer （adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.13-2.17, P = 0.007）. In stratified analyses, the elevated gastric cancer risk was especially evident in older individuals aged 〉 58 years, nonsmokers and rural subjects. Further analyses revealed that the variant genotypes were associated with poor tumor differentiation and adjacent organ invasion in the sub-analysis of gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSION： The ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, differentiation and invasion of gastric cancer.
文摘Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.
