This study evaluated the value of high-frequency ultrasonograpy for early detection of dorsal artery of foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （MD）. Eighty subjects including 40 patients with type 2 MD （T2D...This study evaluated the value of high-frequency ultrasonograpy for early detection of dorsal artery of foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （MD）. Eighty subjects including 40 patients with type 2 MD （T2DM group） and 40 healthy volunteers （NC group） were recruited. The intima-media thickness （IMT）, the inner diameter and the perfusion of dorsal artery of foot were measured by using high-frequency ultrasonograpy. Meanwhile, the parameters of vascular elasticity, including stiffness parameter （]3）, pressure-strain elastic modulus （Ep）, arterial compliance （AC）, augment index （AI）, and pulse wave conducting velocity （PWV]3） were detected by means of echo-tracking technique. The results showed that no significant difference was found in the IMT, systolic diameter （Ds）, diastolic diameter （Dd） and peak systolic velocity （PSV） between T2DM and NC groups. Ep and PWVβ were increased, and AC was decreased in T2DM group as compared with those in NC group with the differences being significant （P〈0.05 for all）. There was no significant difference in β and AI between T2DM and NC groups. It was concluded that high-frequency ultra- sonography in combination with echo-tracking technique is sensitive and non-invasive, and can be used for early detection of sclerosis of the lower extremity artery in patients with type 2 MD.展开更多
With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society...With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.展开更多
About 30% of patients with cirrhosis have diabetes mellitus(DM).Nowadays,it is a matter for debate whether type 2 DM in the absence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia may be a risk factor for chronic liver disease.DM...About 30% of patients with cirrhosis have diabetes mellitus(DM).Nowadays,it is a matter for debate whether type 2 DM in the absence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia may be a risk factor for chronic liver disease.DM,which develops as a complication of cirrhosis,is known as "hepatogenous diabetes".Insulin resistance in muscular and adipose tissues and hyperinsulinemia seem to be the pathophysiologic bases of diabetes in liver disease.An impaired response of the islet β-cells of the pancreas and hepatic insulin resistance are also contributory factors.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,alcoholic cirrhosis,chronic hepatitis C(CHC) and hemochromatosis are more frequently associated with DM.Insulin resistance increases the failure of the response to treatment in patients with CHC and enhances progression of fibrosis.DM in cirrhotic patients may be subclinical.Hepatogenous diabetes is clinically different from that of type 2 DM,since it is less frequently associated with microangiopathy and patients more frequently suffer complications of cirrhosis.DM increases the mortality of cirrhotic patients.Treatment of the diabetes is complex due to liver damage and hepatotoxicity of oral hypoglycemic drugs.This manuscript will review evidence that exists in relation to:type 2 DM alone or as part of the metabolic syndrome in the development of liver disease;factors involved in the genesis of hepatogenous diabetes;the impact of DM on the clinical outcome of liver disease;the management of DM in cirrhotic patients and the role of DM as a risk factor for the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
文摘This study evaluated the value of high-frequency ultrasonograpy for early detection of dorsal artery of foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （MD）. Eighty subjects including 40 patients with type 2 MD （T2DM group） and 40 healthy volunteers （NC group） were recruited. The intima-media thickness （IMT）, the inner diameter and the perfusion of dorsal artery of foot were measured by using high-frequency ultrasonograpy. Meanwhile, the parameters of vascular elasticity, including stiffness parameter （]3）, pressure-strain elastic modulus （Ep）, arterial compliance （AC）, augment index （AI）, and pulse wave conducting velocity （PWV]3） were detected by means of echo-tracking technique. The results showed that no significant difference was found in the IMT, systolic diameter （Ds）, diastolic diameter （Dd） and peak systolic velocity （PSV） between T2DM and NC groups. Ep and PWVβ were increased, and AC was decreased in T2DM group as compared with those in NC group with the differences being significant （P〈0.05 for all）. There was no significant difference in β and AI between T2DM and NC groups. It was concluded that high-frequency ultra- sonography in combination with echo-tracking technique is sensitive and non-invasive, and can be used for early detection of sclerosis of the lower extremity artery in patients with type 2 MD.
文摘With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.
文摘About 30% of patients with cirrhosis have diabetes mellitus(DM).Nowadays,it is a matter for debate whether type 2 DM in the absence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia may be a risk factor for chronic liver disease.DM,which develops as a complication of cirrhosis,is known as "hepatogenous diabetes".Insulin resistance in muscular and adipose tissues and hyperinsulinemia seem to be the pathophysiologic bases of diabetes in liver disease.An impaired response of the islet β-cells of the pancreas and hepatic insulin resistance are also contributory factors.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,alcoholic cirrhosis,chronic hepatitis C(CHC) and hemochromatosis are more frequently associated with DM.Insulin resistance increases the failure of the response to treatment in patients with CHC and enhances progression of fibrosis.DM in cirrhotic patients may be subclinical.Hepatogenous diabetes is clinically different from that of type 2 DM,since it is less frequently associated with microangiopathy and patients more frequently suffer complications of cirrhosis.DM increases the mortality of cirrhotic patients.Treatment of the diabetes is complex due to liver damage and hepatotoxicity of oral hypoglycemic drugs.This manuscript will review evidence that exists in relation to:type 2 DM alone or as part of the metabolic syndrome in the development of liver disease;factors involved in the genesis of hepatogenous diabetes;the impact of DM on the clinical outcome of liver disease;the management of DM in cirrhotic patients and the role of DM as a risk factor for the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
