《天演论》译自英国生物学家赫胥黎（Thomas Henry Huxley，1825—1895）的著作Evolutionand Ethicsand Other Essays，译者是清末著名翻译家严复（1854—1921），译作于1897年12月由天津出版的《国闻汇编》刊出。以下片段为原著的第一...《天演论》译自英国生物学家赫胥黎（Thomas Henry Huxley，1825—1895）的著作Evolutionand Ethicsand Other Essays，译者是清末著名翻译家严复（1854—1921），译作于1897年12月由天津出版的《国闻汇编》刊出。以下片段为原著的第一和第二段及严复的译文。展开更多
The phase transition of spiral waves in networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons induced by channel noise is investigated in detail.All neurons in the networks are coupled with small-world connections,and the results are co...The phase transition of spiral waves in networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons induced by channel noise is investigated in detail.All neurons in the networks are coupled with small-world connections,and the results are compared with the case for regular networks,in which all neurons are completely coupled with nearest-neighbor connections.A statistical variable is defined to study the collective behavior and phase transition of the spiral wave due to the channel noise and topology of the network.The effect of small-world connection networks is described by local regular networks and long-range connection with certain probability p.The numerical results confirm that (1) a stable rotating spiral wave can be developed and maintain robust with low p,where the breakup of the spiral wave and turbulence result from increasing the probability p to a certain threshold;(2) appropriate intensity of the optimized channel noise can develop a spiral wave among turbulent states in small-world connection networks of H-H neurons;and (3) regular connection networks are more robust to channel noise than small-world connection networks.A spiral wave in a small-world network encounters instability more easily as the membrane temperature is increased to a certain high threshold.展开更多
作为一份《天演论》读者的阅读摘录,《吴京卿节本天演论》具有复杂的思想谱系,由吴节本与《天演论》手稿本的对读,可以清晰地识别出吴汝纶隐而未发的某些西学想象。吴汝纶由佛经与西书类比,大胆猜测西书“自有体制”,而赫胥黎的文章在...作为一份《天演论》读者的阅读摘录,《吴京卿节本天演论》具有复杂的思想谱系,由吴节本与《天演论》手稿本的对读,可以清晰地识别出吴汝纶隐而未发的某些西学想象。吴汝纶由佛经与西书类比,大胆猜测西书“自有体制”,而赫胥黎的文章在西方文学传统中也的确占有一席之地,通过回溯Evolution and Ethics的诞生过程,可知原著的“导言”与“论”实有较大的文体差异,上卷的导言更接近赫胥黎著名的通俗科学散文。从Evolution and Ethics到《天演论》,严复的翻译一定程度上实现了修辞与内在逻辑的跨语际表达,但在以捕捉重点为目的的摘录中,吴汝纶并未重视类比中的逻辑关系,因而无意中忽略了他本希望移植到中国传统文章中的特殊文体,这也显示出晚清读者冲破语言阻隔而感知辨析另一文学体系内部之文体的困难。展开更多
公元1868年,中国农历的龙年,英国古生物学家托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎(Thomas Henry Huxley)提出了一个震惊当时科学界的假说——鸟类源自恐龙的进化。虽然这一观点在今天已被广泛接受,甚至成为小学生的常识,但在当时,它引发了巨大...公元1868年,中国农历的龙年,英国古生物学家托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎(Thomas Henry Huxley)提出了一个震惊当时科学界的假说——鸟类源自恐龙的进化。虽然这一观点在今天已被广泛接受,甚至成为小学生的常识,但在当时,它引发了巨大的争议。展开更多
文摘《天演论》译自英国生物学家赫胥黎（Thomas Henry Huxley，1825—1895）的著作Evolutionand Ethicsand Other Essays，译者是清末著名翻译家严复（1854—1921），译作于1897年12月由天津出版的《国闻汇编》刊出。以下片段为原著的第一和第二段及严复的译文。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10747005 and 10972179)the Natural Foundation of Lanzhou University of Technology(Q200706)
文摘The phase transition of spiral waves in networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons induced by channel noise is investigated in detail.All neurons in the networks are coupled with small-world connections,and the results are compared with the case for regular networks,in which all neurons are completely coupled with nearest-neighbor connections.A statistical variable is defined to study the collective behavior and phase transition of the spiral wave due to the channel noise and topology of the network.The effect of small-world connection networks is described by local regular networks and long-range connection with certain probability p.The numerical results confirm that (1) a stable rotating spiral wave can be developed and maintain robust with low p,where the breakup of the spiral wave and turbulence result from increasing the probability p to a certain threshold;(2) appropriate intensity of the optimized channel noise can develop a spiral wave among turbulent states in small-world connection networks of H-H neurons;and (3) regular connection networks are more robust to channel noise than small-world connection networks.A spiral wave in a small-world network encounters instability more easily as the membrane temperature is increased to a certain high threshold.
文摘作为一份《天演论》读者的阅读摘录,《吴京卿节本天演论》具有复杂的思想谱系,由吴节本与《天演论》手稿本的对读,可以清晰地识别出吴汝纶隐而未发的某些西学想象。吴汝纶由佛经与西书类比,大胆猜测西书“自有体制”,而赫胥黎的文章在西方文学传统中也的确占有一席之地,通过回溯Evolution and Ethics的诞生过程,可知原著的“导言”与“论”实有较大的文体差异,上卷的导言更接近赫胥黎著名的通俗科学散文。从Evolution and Ethics到《天演论》,严复的翻译一定程度上实现了修辞与内在逻辑的跨语际表达,但在以捕捉重点为目的的摘录中,吴汝纶并未重视类比中的逻辑关系,因而无意中忽略了他本希望移植到中国传统文章中的特殊文体,这也显示出晚清读者冲破语言阻隔而感知辨析另一文学体系内部之文体的困难。
