As one of the critical technologies for the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) mobile communication systems, artificial intelligence(AI) technology will provide complete automation for connecting the vir...As one of the critical technologies for the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) mobile communication systems, artificial intelligence(AI) technology will provide complete automation for connecting the virtual and physical worlds. In order to construct the future ubiquitous intelligent network, people are beginning to rethink how mobile communication systems transmit and exploit intelligent information. This paper proposes a new communication paradigm, called the Intellicise communication system: model-driven semantic communication. Intellicise communication system is built on top of the traditional communication system and innovatively adds a new feature dimension on top of the traditional source coding, which enables the communication system to evolve from the traditional transmission of bit to the transmission of "model". Like the semantic base(Seb) for semantic communication, the model is considered as the new feature obtained from the joint source-channel coding. The sink node can re-construct the original signal based on the received model and the encoded sequence. In addition, the performance evaluation metrics and the implementation details of the Intellicise communication system are discussed in this paper. Finally, preliminary results of model-driven image transmission in the Intellicise communication system are presented.展开更多
China still use sketch maps as control devices that guarantees consistency and accuracy of population counting in previous census.Although the rapid advancement of geospatial technologies provides many possible soluti...China still use sketch maps as control devices that guarantees consistency and accuracy of population counting in previous census.Although the rapid advancement of geospatial technologies provides many possible solutions of digital census mapping,existing researches do not answer which solution is suitable to China.Subject to many constraints originated from characteristics of China,a practical solution of census mapping based on remote sensing imagery and auxiliary geographic information was proposed and proved to be feasible through evaluation analysis and a three-stage pilot study.Imagery with 2.5 meters and higher resolution,innovative workflow of census areas delineation,easy-to-use census mapping software packages and training organization all together provide the all-around supports for the 2010 rounded census (the 6th census) mapping activities.A digital census geographic framework detailed at the level of enumeration area was established in the 2010 rounded census which fills in the gaps in the field of modern geospatial census in China.The spatially referenced digital census database,especially the detailed census units,is of great value in successive census,sampling survey and many other census-related fields.Future work including quality evaluation of census areas,census mapping solution in the Tibet Autonomous Region are also discussed.展开更多
In the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) era, a large number of delay-sensitive and computation-intensive applications impose great pressure on resource-constrained Internet of things(IoT) devices. Aeri...In the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) era, a large number of delay-sensitive and computation-intensive applications impose great pressure on resource-constrained Internet of things(IoT) devices. Aerial edge computing is envisioned as a promising and cost-effective solution, especially in hostile environments without terrestrial infrastructures. Therefore, this paper focuses on integrating aerial edge computing into 6 G for providing ubiquitous computing services for IoT devices. This paper first presents the layered network architecture of aerial edge computing for 6 G. The benefits, potential applications, and design challenges are also discussed in detail. Next, several key techniques like unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) deployment, operation mode, offloading mode, caching policy, and resource management are highlighted to present how to integrated aerial edge computing into 6 G. Then, the joint UAV deployment optimization and computation offloading method is designed to minimize the computing delay for a typical aerial edge computing network. Numerical results reveal the significant delay reduction of the proposed method compared with the other benchmark methods. Finally, several open issues for aerial edge computing in 6 G are elaborated to provide some guidance for future research.展开更多
The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertic...The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertical industries, however, the application models of "patching" and "plug-in" have hindered the effect of AI applications. Meanwhile, the application of AI in all walks of life puts forward requirements for new capabilities of the future network, such as distributed training, real-time collaborative inference, local data processing, etc., which require "native intelligence design" in future networks. This paper discusses the requirements of native intelligence in the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) networks from the perspectives of 5 G intelligent network challenges and the "ubiquitous intelligence" vision of 6 G, and analyzes the technical challenges of the AI workflows in its lifecycle and the AI as a service(AIaaS) in cloud network. The progress and deficiencies of the current research on AI functional architecture in various industry organizations are summarized. The end-to-end functional architecture for native AI for 6 G network and its three key technical characteristics are proposed: quality of AI services(QoAIS) based AI service orchestration for its full lifecycle, deep integration of native AI computing and communication, and integration of native AI and digital twin network. The directions of future research are also prospected.展开更多
Beijing / China August 2-6, 2010 Organized by The Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE) Co-Organized by Peking University (PKU), Roskill Information Services Ltd., Metallurgical Council
Bangladesh is a densely populated country than many other countries of the world. The population growth is termed as alarming, however, knowledge of growth in the years to come would be useful in planning for the deve...Bangladesh is a densely populated country than many other countries of the world. The population growth is termed as alarming, however, knowledge of growth in the years to come would be useful in planning for the development of the country. This article is based on the projection of future population growth of the country. The available actual population census data during 1991-2011 of Bangladesh was applied to the application of a non-linear, non-autonomous ordinary differential equation familiar as Verhulst logistic population model with the maximum environmental capability of Bangladesh. Bangladesh will reach its carrying capacity of 245.09 million population in the next 56 years i.e. the year 2067 and then it decreases as S-shaped curve. The article has provided a focus on the changing trends of the growth of the population of Bangladesh.展开更多
The 6th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was a very important meeting upon China’s entry into a decisive stage for completing the all-round construction of a moderately prosperous society,opening a n...The 6th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was a very important meeting upon China’s entry into a decisive stage for completing the all-round construction of a moderately prosperous society,opening a new process of展开更多
In order to encourage the foundry science and technology staff of our country to actively participate in the foundry academic activities, and in order to promote the development of China foundry technology and the imp...In order to encourage the foundry science and technology staff of our country to actively participate in the foundry academic activities, and in order to promote the development of China foundry technology and the improvement of China foundry academic levels, the second stage work (final judgement) of the 6th FOSECO Cup Excellent Foundry Papers organized by Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (FICMES) was carried out in Chengdu, Sichuan Province on May 17-20, 2004. Two gold award papers and 10 silver award papers were awarded, and the other 34 papers recommended into the final judgement were nominated as excellent papers.展开更多
Introduction: Schwannomas of the 6th nerve are extremely rare.Only 22 cases of intracranial schwannomas of the 6th cranial nerve pathologically confirmed have been reported.Case Presentation: Here, we report a case of...Introduction: Schwannomas of the 6th nerve are extremely rare.Only 22 cases of intracranial schwannomas of the 6th cranial nerve pathologically confirmed have been reported.Case Presentation: Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with isolated progressive 6th nerve palsy.A cisternal type of schwannomawas found from neuro-imaging.Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed by a routine left subtemporal craniotomy with an petrosectomy.The attachment to the 6th nerve was found.After surgery, the patient's 6th nerve palsy remained.Histological images revealed a cellular schwannoma.Then the classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, operation, stereotactic radiosurgery are reviewed.Conclusions: The location and the attachment to the 6th nerve is the key for diagnosis.Most cases are treated surgically.It looks like it is not easy to completely remove for CA type because of invasion of the cavernous sinus or firm adherence to the nerves.The 6th nerve function seldom completely recovered postoperatively.The direction of further research is to improve the diagnosis and therapy to have better nerve recovery.展开更多
The 6th APD(Asian and Pacific District)-IAHR(The International Associationfor Hydraulic Research)Congress was held in Tokyo,Japan,from July 20 to 22,1988,442 scientists attended.They came from Australia,Belgium,Canada...The 6th APD(Asian and Pacific District)-IAHR(The International Associationfor Hydraulic Research)Congress was held in Tokyo,Japan,from July 20 to 22,1988,442 scientists attended.They came from Australia,Belgium,Canada,China,the Fe-deral Republic of Germany,India,Indonesia,Italy,Japan,Korea,the Netherlands,展开更多
Organized by The Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE) Co-Organized by Peking University (PKU),Roskill Information Services Ltd.,Metallurgical Council of CCPIT,Metal Pages,Baotou
On Nov. 29^(th) 2004, China Association for Standardization (CAS) held the1st session of 6th council conference in Beijing. Li Changjiang, Head of General Administration ofQuality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantin...On Nov. 29^(th) 2004, China Association for Standardization (CAS) held the1st session of 6th council conference in Beijing. Li Changjiang, Head of General Administration ofQuality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ) was present at the conference andmade a speech. Li Chuangqing, Secretary of the leading Party members' group of AQSIQ joined theevening banquet and addressed an important lecture. The Head of China Association for Science andTechnology Sun Ming, Director and Vice-Director of Standardization Administration of China LiZhonghai and Sun Xiaokang, Shi Baoquan, President of 5th Council Li Rui and other standardizationworkers from all trades and professions across the country totally about 110 persons attended theconference. Li Rui moderated the meeting and announced the list of conference presidium members.Reputable advisor of CAS, Professor Li Chuntian read out the congratulation speech of CAS's honorarypresident Yuan Baohua. Sun Ming addressed the congratulation message from China Association forScience and Technology. Ma Lincong, General-Secretary of CAS made the work report of the 5^(th)council. Zhang Wei, CAS Vice General-Secretary gave the revise description of the CAS rules andregulations. Financial executive Lu Chunzhi made a financial report.展开更多
The Department for Noise Control of the Optical,Acoustical and FilmtechnicalSociety,Budapest/Hungary-together with the——complex Commission of Acoustics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,——Special Committee for ...The Department for Noise Control of the Optical,Acoustical and FilmtechnicalSociety,Budapest/Hungary-together with the——complex Commission of Acoustics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,——Special Committee for Vibration/Noise of the Scientific Cociety ofMechanical Engineers,——Committee for Environment Protection of the Society for TransportSciences and——Working Group for Building Physics of the Scientific Sociedty for Buildingwill organize in PECS on June 7—10,1989 with international participatdion the展开更多
Intracranial lipomas are rare benign tumour that is slow growing, generally asymptomatic, most frequently located in the midline areas and are usually an incidental finding on imaging and therefore cases are not frequ...Intracranial lipomas are rare benign tumour that is slow growing, generally asymptomatic, most frequently located in the midline areas and are usually an incidental finding on imaging and therefore cases are not frequently reported. This study reports a case of a patient with quadrigeminal plate lipoma presenting with obstructive hydrocephalous and the 6th cranial nerve palsy that was successfully treated with ventriculo-peritoneal shunting without addressing the lesion.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871045)。
文摘As one of the critical technologies for the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) mobile communication systems, artificial intelligence(AI) technology will provide complete automation for connecting the virtual and physical worlds. In order to construct the future ubiquitous intelligent network, people are beginning to rethink how mobile communication systems transmit and exploit intelligent information. This paper proposes a new communication paradigm, called the Intellicise communication system: model-driven semantic communication. Intellicise communication system is built on top of the traditional communication system and innovatively adds a new feature dimension on top of the traditional source coding, which enables the communication system to evolve from the traditional transmission of bit to the transmission of "model". Like the semantic base(Seb) for semantic communication, the model is considered as the new feature obtained from the joint source-channel coding. The sink node can re-construct the original signal based on the received model and the encoded sequence. In addition, the performance evaluation metrics and the implementation details of the Intellicise communication system are discussed in this paper. Finally, preliminary results of model-driven image transmission in the Intellicise communication system are presented.
基金Under the auspices of National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA120105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001314)+1 种基金Youth Science Funds of State Key Laboratory of Resources and En-vironmental Information System(No.KA11040101)Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Science&Technology Pillar Pro-gram(No.2012BAI32B07)
文摘China still use sketch maps as control devices that guarantees consistency and accuracy of population counting in previous census.Although the rapid advancement of geospatial technologies provides many possible solutions of digital census mapping,existing researches do not answer which solution is suitable to China.Subject to many constraints originated from characteristics of China,a practical solution of census mapping based on remote sensing imagery and auxiliary geographic information was proposed and proved to be feasible through evaluation analysis and a three-stage pilot study.Imagery with 2.5 meters and higher resolution,innovative workflow of census areas delineation,easy-to-use census mapping software packages and training organization all together provide the all-around supports for the 2010 rounded census (the 6th census) mapping activities.A digital census geographic framework detailed at the level of enumeration area was established in the 2010 rounded census which fills in the gaps in the field of modern geospatial census in China.The spatially referenced digital census database,especially the detailed census units,is of great value in successive census,sampling survey and many other census-related fields.Future work including quality evaluation of census areas,census mapping solution in the Tibet Autonomous Region are also discussed.
文摘In the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) era, a large number of delay-sensitive and computation-intensive applications impose great pressure on resource-constrained Internet of things(IoT) devices. Aerial edge computing is envisioned as a promising and cost-effective solution, especially in hostile environments without terrestrial infrastructures. Therefore, this paper focuses on integrating aerial edge computing into 6 G for providing ubiquitous computing services for IoT devices. This paper first presents the layered network architecture of aerial edge computing for 6 G. The benefits, potential applications, and design challenges are also discussed in detail. Next, several key techniques like unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) deployment, operation mode, offloading mode, caching policy, and resource management are highlighted to present how to integrated aerial edge computing into 6 G. Then, the joint UAV deployment optimization and computation offloading method is designed to minimize the computing delay for a typical aerial edge computing network. Numerical results reveal the significant delay reduction of the proposed method compared with the other benchmark methods. Finally, several open issues for aerial edge computing in 6 G are elaborated to provide some guidance for future research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFB1806800)。
文摘The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertical industries, however, the application models of "patching" and "plug-in" have hindered the effect of AI applications. Meanwhile, the application of AI in all walks of life puts forward requirements for new capabilities of the future network, such as distributed training, real-time collaborative inference, local data processing, etc., which require "native intelligence design" in future networks. This paper discusses the requirements of native intelligence in the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) networks from the perspectives of 5 G intelligent network challenges and the "ubiquitous intelligence" vision of 6 G, and analyzes the technical challenges of the AI workflows in its lifecycle and the AI as a service(AIaaS) in cloud network. The progress and deficiencies of the current research on AI functional architecture in various industry organizations are summarized. The end-to-end functional architecture for native AI for 6 G network and its three key technical characteristics are proposed: quality of AI services(QoAIS) based AI service orchestration for its full lifecycle, deep integration of native AI computing and communication, and integration of native AI and digital twin network. The directions of future research are also prospected.
文摘Beijing / China August 2-6, 2010 Organized by The Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE) Co-Organized by Peking University (PKU), Roskill Information Services Ltd., Metallurgical Council
文摘Bangladesh is a densely populated country than many other countries of the world. The population growth is termed as alarming, however, knowledge of growth in the years to come would be useful in planning for the development of the country. This article is based on the projection of future population growth of the country. The available actual population census data during 1991-2011 of Bangladesh was applied to the application of a non-linear, non-autonomous ordinary differential equation familiar as Verhulst logistic population model with the maximum environmental capability of Bangladesh. Bangladesh will reach its carrying capacity of 245.09 million population in the next 56 years i.e. the year 2067 and then it decreases as S-shaped curve. The article has provided a focus on the changing trends of the growth of the population of Bangladesh.
文摘The 6th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was a very important meeting upon China’s entry into a decisive stage for completing the all-round construction of a moderately prosperous society,opening a new process of
文摘In order to encourage the foundry science and technology staff of our country to actively participate in the foundry academic activities, and in order to promote the development of China foundry technology and the improvement of China foundry academic levels, the second stage work (final judgement) of the 6th FOSECO Cup Excellent Foundry Papers organized by Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (FICMES) was carried out in Chengdu, Sichuan Province on May 17-20, 2004. Two gold award papers and 10 silver award papers were awarded, and the other 34 papers recommended into the final judgement were nominated as excellent papers.
文摘Introduction: Schwannomas of the 6th nerve are extremely rare.Only 22 cases of intracranial schwannomas of the 6th cranial nerve pathologically confirmed have been reported.Case Presentation: Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with isolated progressive 6th nerve palsy.A cisternal type of schwannomawas found from neuro-imaging.Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed by a routine left subtemporal craniotomy with an petrosectomy.The attachment to the 6th nerve was found.After surgery, the patient's 6th nerve palsy remained.Histological images revealed a cellular schwannoma.Then the classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, operation, stereotactic radiosurgery are reviewed.Conclusions: The location and the attachment to the 6th nerve is the key for diagnosis.Most cases are treated surgically.It looks like it is not easy to completely remove for CA type because of invasion of the cavernous sinus or firm adherence to the nerves.The 6th nerve function seldom completely recovered postoperatively.The direction of further research is to improve the diagnosis and therapy to have better nerve recovery.
文摘The 6th APD(Asian and Pacific District)-IAHR(The International Associationfor Hydraulic Research)Congress was held in Tokyo,Japan,from July 20 to 22,1988,442 scientists attended.They came from Australia,Belgium,Canada,China,the Fe-deral Republic of Germany,India,Indonesia,Italy,Japan,Korea,the Netherlands,
文摘Organized by The Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE) Co-Organized by Peking University (PKU),Roskill Information Services Ltd.,Metallurgical Council of CCPIT,Metal Pages,Baotou
文摘On Nov. 29^(th) 2004, China Association for Standardization (CAS) held the1st session of 6th council conference in Beijing. Li Changjiang, Head of General Administration ofQuality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ) was present at the conference andmade a speech. Li Chuangqing, Secretary of the leading Party members' group of AQSIQ joined theevening banquet and addressed an important lecture. The Head of China Association for Science andTechnology Sun Ming, Director and Vice-Director of Standardization Administration of China LiZhonghai and Sun Xiaokang, Shi Baoquan, President of 5th Council Li Rui and other standardizationworkers from all trades and professions across the country totally about 110 persons attended theconference. Li Rui moderated the meeting and announced the list of conference presidium members.Reputable advisor of CAS, Professor Li Chuntian read out the congratulation speech of CAS's honorarypresident Yuan Baohua. Sun Ming addressed the congratulation message from China Association forScience and Technology. Ma Lincong, General-Secretary of CAS made the work report of the 5^(th)council. Zhang Wei, CAS Vice General-Secretary gave the revise description of the CAS rules andregulations. Financial executive Lu Chunzhi made a financial report.
文摘The Department for Noise Control of the Optical,Acoustical and FilmtechnicalSociety,Budapest/Hungary-together with the——complex Commission of Acoustics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,——Special Committee for Vibration/Noise of the Scientific Cociety ofMechanical Engineers,——Committee for Environment Protection of the Society for TransportSciences and——Working Group for Building Physics of the Scientific Sociedty for Buildingwill organize in PECS on June 7—10,1989 with international participatdion the
文摘Intracranial lipomas are rare benign tumour that is slow growing, generally asymptomatic, most frequently located in the midline areas and are usually an incidental finding on imaging and therefore cases are not frequently reported. This study reports a case of a patient with quadrigeminal plate lipoma presenting with obstructive hydrocephalous and the 6th cranial nerve palsy that was successfully treated with ventriculo-peritoneal shunting without addressing the lesion.
