大气二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度和气温增高是全球气候变化的重要特征,本研究旨在揭示未来气候变化条件下生长的水稻,其种子活力是否受这两个重要环境因子的影响。利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO_2Enrichment)系统,以常规水稻武运粳23为供试材料,设...大气二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度和气温增高是全球气候变化的重要特征,本研究旨在揭示未来气候变化条件下生长的水稻,其种子活力是否受这两个重要环境因子的影响。利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO_2Enrichment)系统,以常规水稻武运粳23为供试材料,设置对照(Ambient,环境空气)、CO_2浓度增高(比Ambient高200μmol/mol)、温度增高(比Ambient高2℃)和CO_2浓度与温度同时增高四个处理,成熟期收获种子进行实验室标准发芽实验。结果表明,与对照相比,单独CO_2浓度增加使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率平均增加16.5%,但使种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别下降7.8%、10.0%、17.4%和8.9%。相似地,单独温度增高或CO_2浓度和温度同时增高处理对上述参数影响的方向一致,但影响的幅度变小,多未达显著水平。与环境生长温度相比,高温环境下全生育期CO_2浓度升高使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率、露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响变小,表现在CO_2浓度与温度处理间存在一定程度的交互作用。种子发芽后芽和根系性状对高CO_2浓度或高温均无显著响应。以上结果说明,大气CO_2浓度增高200μmol/mol环境条件下,常规粳稻武运粳23成熟种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标均明显下降,但在同时适度增温的生长环境下这种负面影响有减弱的趋势。展开更多
Since trees and plants can absorb CO2, forests are widely regarded as a carbon sink that may control the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 uptake rate of plants is affected by the plant species and environmenta...Since trees and plants can absorb CO2, forests are widely regarded as a carbon sink that may control the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 uptake rate of plants is affected by the plant species and environmental conditions such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature, water and nutrient contents. PAR is the most immediate environmental control on photosynthesis while air temperature affects both photorespiration and dark respiration. In the natural condition, PAR and temperature play an important role in net CO2 uptake. The effects of PAR and air temperature on the CO2 uptake of Pterocarpus macrocarpus grown in a natural habitat were studied in the present work. Due to many uncontrollable factors, a simple rectangular hyperbola could not represent the measured data. The data were divided into groups of 2oC intervals; CO2 uptake in each group may then be related to PAR by a rectangular hyperbola function. Using the obtained functions, the effect of PAR was removed from the original data. The PAR-independent CO2 uptake was then related to air temperature. Finally, the effects of PAR (I) and air temperature (Ta) on the CO2 uptake rate (A) were combined as: (-0.0575Ta2+2.6691Ta-23.264)I A= ——————————————— (-0.00766Ta2+0.40666Ta-3.99924) (-4.8794Ta2+227.13Ta-2456.9)+I展开更多
RIEMS2.0 (Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System, Version 2.0) is now being developed starting from RIEMS1.0 by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute o...RIEMS2.0 (Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System, Version 2.0) is now being developed starting from RIEMS1.0 by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. In order to test RIEMS2.0’s ability to simulate long-term climate and its changes, as well as provide a basis for further development and applications, we compare simulated precipitation and air temperature from 1980 to 2007 (simulation duration from Jan. 1, 1979 to Dec. 31, 2007) under different cumulus parameterization schemes with the observed data. The results show that RIEMS2.0 can reproduce the spatial distribution of precipitation and air temperature, but that the model overestimates precipitation with the rainfall center moving northwestward and underestimates air temperature for annual simulations. Annual and interannual variations in precipitation and air temperature for different climate subregions are well captured by the model. Further analysis of summer and winter simulations shows that precipitation is overestimated, except for the Jianghuai-Jiangnan subregions in the winter, and the air temperature bias in the summer is weaker than in the winter. There are larger biases for precipitation and air temperature in semiarid subregions. Anomalies in precipitation and air temperature are also well captured by the model. Although a similar distribution can be found between observed data and simulated results under different cumulus parameterization schemes, these show differences in intensity and location. In sum, RIEMS2.0 shows good stability and does well in simulating the long-term climate and its changes in China.展开更多
文摘大气二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度和气温增高是全球气候变化的重要特征,本研究旨在揭示未来气候变化条件下生长的水稻,其种子活力是否受这两个重要环境因子的影响。利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO_2Enrichment)系统,以常规水稻武运粳23为供试材料,设置对照(Ambient,环境空气)、CO_2浓度增高(比Ambient高200μmol/mol)、温度增高(比Ambient高2℃)和CO_2浓度与温度同时增高四个处理,成熟期收获种子进行实验室标准发芽实验。结果表明,与对照相比,单独CO_2浓度增加使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率平均增加16.5%,但使种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别下降7.8%、10.0%、17.4%和8.9%。相似地,单独温度增高或CO_2浓度和温度同时增高处理对上述参数影响的方向一致,但影响的幅度变小,多未达显著水平。与环境生长温度相比,高温环境下全生育期CO_2浓度升高使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率、露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响变小,表现在CO_2浓度与温度处理间存在一定程度的交互作用。种子发芽后芽和根系性状对高CO_2浓度或高温均无显著响应。以上结果说明,大气CO_2浓度增高200μmol/mol环境条件下,常规粳稻武运粳23成熟种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标均明显下降,但在同时适度增温的生长环境下这种负面影响有减弱的趋势。
文摘Since trees and plants can absorb CO2, forests are widely regarded as a carbon sink that may control the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 uptake rate of plants is affected by the plant species and environmental conditions such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature, water and nutrient contents. PAR is the most immediate environmental control on photosynthesis while air temperature affects both photorespiration and dark respiration. In the natural condition, PAR and temperature play an important role in net CO2 uptake. The effects of PAR and air temperature on the CO2 uptake of Pterocarpus macrocarpus grown in a natural habitat were studied in the present work. Due to many uncontrollable factors, a simple rectangular hyperbola could not represent the measured data. The data were divided into groups of 2oC intervals; CO2 uptake in each group may then be related to PAR by a rectangular hyperbola function. Using the obtained functions, the effect of PAR was removed from the original data. The PAR-independent CO2 uptake was then related to air temperature. Finally, the effects of PAR (I) and air temperature (Ta) on the CO2 uptake rate (A) were combined as: (-0.0575Ta2+2.6691Ta-23.264)I A= ——————————————— (-0.00766Ta2+0.40666Ta-3.99924) (-4.8794Ta2+227.13Ta-2456.9)+I
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB400500)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20060400492)
文摘RIEMS2.0 (Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System, Version 2.0) is now being developed starting from RIEMS1.0 by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. In order to test RIEMS2.0’s ability to simulate long-term climate and its changes, as well as provide a basis for further development and applications, we compare simulated precipitation and air temperature from 1980 to 2007 (simulation duration from Jan. 1, 1979 to Dec. 31, 2007) under different cumulus parameterization schemes with the observed data. The results show that RIEMS2.0 can reproduce the spatial distribution of precipitation and air temperature, but that the model overestimates precipitation with the rainfall center moving northwestward and underestimates air temperature for annual simulations. Annual and interannual variations in precipitation and air temperature for different climate subregions are well captured by the model. Further analysis of summer and winter simulations shows that precipitation is overestimated, except for the Jianghuai-Jiangnan subregions in the winter, and the air temperature bias in the summer is weaker than in the winter. There are larger biases for precipitation and air temperature in semiarid subregions. Anomalies in precipitation and air temperature are also well captured by the model. Although a similar distribution can be found between observed data and simulated results under different cumulus parameterization schemes, these show differences in intensity and location. In sum, RIEMS2.0 shows good stability and does well in simulating the long-term climate and its changes in China.
