Seawater samples were collected in the water column from the Canada Basin aboard RV Xuelong in August 1999. Concentrations of δ; D, δ;18 O, nutrients (NO3 -, PO4 3-, SiO3 2-) and dissolved oxygen were measured, alon...Seawater samples were collected in the water column from the Canada Basin aboard RV Xuelong in August 1999. Concentrations of δ; D, δ;18 O, nutrients (NO3 -, PO4 3-, SiO3 2-) and dissolved oxygen were measured, along with hydrographic parameters (salinity and temperature). Our results showed that the upper layer of the water column was characterized by the occurrence of the upper halocline water (UHW) and the lower halocline water (LHW). The UHW was associated with a salinity of 33.1 (～150m depth) and maximums of nutrients, NO and PO*, whereas minimums of NO and PO* (PO* = PO4 3?+ O2/175?1.95 μmol/dm3) occurred at the depth of LHW (~300m depth). Two tracer systems, S-δ;18O-PO* and S-δ D-SiO3 3-, were used to estimate the fractions of the Atlantic water, Pacific water, river runoff and sea ice meltwater in water samples. Combined with the nutrient ratio NO/PO, it was suggested that the UHW was derived from the in-flow of the Pacific water through the Bering Strait. These waters were modified to obtain the high salinity and nutrients in the Chukchi shelf or/and the east Siberian shelf. The LHW was maintained by inflow of the Atlantic water through Barents Sea and subsequent mixing with freshwater in the shelf region to produce the signals of NO and PO* minimums. In study basin, the river runoff signals were confined to water depths less than 300 m and the fractions of river runoff decreased with the increasing depth. Water column inventories of river runoff and sea ice meltwater were calculated between the surface and 300m. The river runoff inventories in the Canada Basin were higher than those in other sea areas, suggesting that the Canada basin is a major storage region for Arctic river water. The sea ice meltwater signals suggested that the Canada Basin is a region of net sea ice formation and the inventories of net sea ice in the upper water column increasing from the south to the north.展开更多
为提高疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的性能,以1H,1H,2H,2H-十七氟癸烷丙烯酸酯(HFA)为疏水单体,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)为水溶性单体,采用胶束聚合法合成了含氟疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(FAPAM)。用红外光谱仪对产物结构进行了表征,研究了AA和HFA...为提高疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的性能,以1H,1H,2H,2H-十七氟癸烷丙烯酸酯(HFA)为疏水单体,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)为水溶性单体,采用胶束聚合法合成了含氟疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(FAPAM)。用红外光谱仪对产物结构进行了表征,研究了AA和HFA加量对FAPAM表观黏度和相对分子质量的影响,考察了FAPAM的耐温性、抗剪切性、抗盐性及交联性。研究结果表明,FAPAM为AM、AA、HFA的三元共聚物;AA和HFA加量分别为单体总质量的30%～40%和0.5%时,合成的FAPAM的表观黏度(3376.7 m Pa·s)最大。FAPAM的耐温性较好,在110℃下放置1 h后的表观黏度大于100 m Pa·s;FAPAM的抗剪切性较好,在300 r/min下剪切48 h的表观黏度大于500 m Pa·s;在Na^+或Ca^(2+)质量浓度为0.5 g/L时,FAPAM的表观黏度大于50 m Pa·s,抗盐性好于PAM(HFA加量为0);在30℃下,FAPAM可与有机铬快速交联。FAPAM的耐温性、抗盐性和耐剪切性均优于PAM,可以作为压裂液稠化剂使用。展开更多
Background Poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart ischaemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-（1-piperidinyl）butoxy]-l（2H）-isoqu...Background Poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart ischaemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-（1-piperidinyl）butoxy]-l（2H）-isoquinolinone （DPQ）, a potent PARP inhibitor, has cardiac protective effects. Because the underlying mechanisms are not understood, we investigated the effect of DPQ on heart I/R injury and its mechanisms. Methods Studies were performed with I/R rats＇ hearts. DPQ was used to inhibit the activation of PARP. Cardiac function and cellular apoptosis were assessed. The activation of PARP, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-KB）, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）, cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were evaluated. We also evaluated expression of Akt and two of its downstream targets, glycogen synthase kinase-313 （GSK- 3β） and forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a. Results Administration of DPQ significantly decreased the activation of PARP and cellular apoptosis from （35±5）% to （20±4）% and simultaneously improved the cardiac function. DPQ reduced the expressions of NF-KB, ICAM-1, COX-2 and MMP-9 in rat heart and facilitated the activations of phosphor-Akt, phosphor-GSK-3β and phosphor-FOXO3a. Conclusion The protective effects of DPQ were associated with the suppression of inflammation and the activation of the Akt signalling pathways suggesting that the inhibition of poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase reduced heart I/R injury in rats.展开更多
采用分子自组装成膜技术,在磁头表面制备了1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸烷基三乙氧基硅烷(FTE)自组装膜。使用时间飞行二次离子质谱仪(TOF-S IM S)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪对FTE自组装膜进行了表征。XPS测得的...采用分子自组装成膜技术,在磁头表面制备了1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸烷基三乙氧基硅烷(FTE)自组装膜。使用时间飞行二次离子质谱仪(TOF-S IM S)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪对FTE自组装膜进行了表征。XPS测得的FTE自组装膜C 1s谱图中有分谱出现在287.905 eV位置,这证明FTE分子以C—O—S i键与磁头表面结合。通过分析TOF-S IM S测量的不同反应时间的膜厚和其对应的AFM表面形貌图发现,FTE自组装膜形成过程分为表面亚单层膜低覆盖、表面亚单层膜中等覆盖、团聚和聚结4个阶段。实验结果表明,控制反应时间可以在磁头表面制备超薄平整的FTE自组装膜,膜厚为(1.20±0.01)nm,表面粗糙度小于0.2 nm。该层超薄膜使磁头对水的接触角增加到110.5°±0.1,°令磁头的疏水性能得到很大提高,进而较大幅度地提高了磁头表面的抗污染能力。展开更多
Electrocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia is a fascinating alternative to Haber-Bosch process and also considered as an energy sto rage method.This work,Fe doped MoS2/carbon cloth(CC) has been studied on the electro-ca...Electrocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia is a fascinating alternative to Haber-Bosch process and also considered as an energy sto rage method.This work,Fe doped MoS2/carbon cloth(CC) has been studied on the electro-catalysis fix nitrogen indicating the doped Fe can indeed enhance the MoS2 material ability.Compared with MoS2/CC,Fe-Mo-S-3/CC not only increases 10 times in the rate of production ammonia,but also 5 times in Faraday efficiency.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Chinese First Arctic Expedition Foundation.
文摘Seawater samples were collected in the water column from the Canada Basin aboard RV Xuelong in August 1999. Concentrations of δ; D, δ;18 O, nutrients (NO3 -, PO4 3-, SiO3 2-) and dissolved oxygen were measured, along with hydrographic parameters (salinity and temperature). Our results showed that the upper layer of the water column was characterized by the occurrence of the upper halocline water (UHW) and the lower halocline water (LHW). The UHW was associated with a salinity of 33.1 (～150m depth) and maximums of nutrients, NO and PO*, whereas minimums of NO and PO* (PO* = PO4 3?+ O2/175?1.95 μmol/dm3) occurred at the depth of LHW (~300m depth). Two tracer systems, S-δ;18O-PO* and S-δ D-SiO3 3-, were used to estimate the fractions of the Atlantic water, Pacific water, river runoff and sea ice meltwater in water samples. Combined with the nutrient ratio NO/PO, it was suggested that the UHW was derived from the in-flow of the Pacific water through the Bering Strait. These waters were modified to obtain the high salinity and nutrients in the Chukchi shelf or/and the east Siberian shelf. The LHW was maintained by inflow of the Atlantic water through Barents Sea and subsequent mixing with freshwater in the shelf region to produce the signals of NO and PO* minimums. In study basin, the river runoff signals were confined to water depths less than 300 m and the fractions of river runoff decreased with the increasing depth. Water column inventories of river runoff and sea ice meltwater were calculated between the surface and 300m. The river runoff inventories in the Canada Basin were higher than those in other sea areas, suggesting that the Canada basin is a major storage region for Arctic river water. The sea ice meltwater signals suggested that the Canada Basin is a region of net sea ice formation and the inventories of net sea ice in the upper water column increasing from the south to the north.
文摘为提高疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的性能,以1H,1H,2H,2H-十七氟癸烷丙烯酸酯(HFA)为疏水单体,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)为水溶性单体,采用胶束聚合法合成了含氟疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(FAPAM)。用红外光谱仪对产物结构进行了表征,研究了AA和HFA加量对FAPAM表观黏度和相对分子质量的影响,考察了FAPAM的耐温性、抗剪切性、抗盐性及交联性。研究结果表明,FAPAM为AM、AA、HFA的三元共聚物;AA和HFA加量分别为单体总质量的30%～40%和0.5%时,合成的FAPAM的表观黏度(3376.7 m Pa·s)最大。FAPAM的耐温性较好,在110℃下放置1 h后的表观黏度大于100 m Pa·s;FAPAM的抗剪切性较好,在300 r/min下剪切48 h的表观黏度大于500 m Pa·s;在Na^+或Ca^(2+)质量浓度为0.5 g/L时,FAPAM的表观黏度大于50 m Pa·s,抗盐性好于PAM(HFA加量为0);在30℃下,FAPAM可与有机铬快速交联。FAPAM的耐温性、抗盐性和耐剪切性均优于PAM,可以作为压裂液稠化剂使用。
基金This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China （No.ZR2010HM069） and the Technology Development Projects of Taian City （No. 20093077）.
文摘Background Poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart ischaemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-（1-piperidinyl）butoxy]-l（2H）-isoquinolinone （DPQ）, a potent PARP inhibitor, has cardiac protective effects. Because the underlying mechanisms are not understood, we investigated the effect of DPQ on heart I/R injury and its mechanisms. Methods Studies were performed with I/R rats＇ hearts. DPQ was used to inhibit the activation of PARP. Cardiac function and cellular apoptosis were assessed. The activation of PARP, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-KB）, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）, cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were evaluated. We also evaluated expression of Akt and two of its downstream targets, glycogen synthase kinase-313 （GSK- 3β） and forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a. Results Administration of DPQ significantly decreased the activation of PARP and cellular apoptosis from （35±5）% to （20±4）% and simultaneously improved the cardiac function. DPQ reduced the expressions of NF-KB, ICAM-1, COX-2 and MMP-9 in rat heart and facilitated the activations of phosphor-Akt, phosphor-GSK-3β and phosphor-FOXO3a. Conclusion The protective effects of DPQ were associated with the suppression of inflammation and the activation of the Akt signalling pathways suggesting that the inhibition of poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase reduced heart I/R injury in rats.
文摘采用分子自组装成膜技术,在磁头表面制备了1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸烷基三乙氧基硅烷(FTE)自组装膜。使用时间飞行二次离子质谱仪(TOF-S IM S)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪对FTE自组装膜进行了表征。XPS测得的FTE自组装膜C 1s谱图中有分谱出现在287.905 eV位置,这证明FTE分子以C—O—S i键与磁头表面结合。通过分析TOF-S IM S测量的不同反应时间的膜厚和其对应的AFM表面形貌图发现,FTE自组装膜形成过程分为表面亚单层膜低覆盖、表面亚单层膜中等覆盖、团聚和聚结4个阶段。实验结果表明,控制反应时间可以在磁头表面制备超薄平整的FTE自组装膜,膜厚为(1.20±0.01)nm,表面粗糙度小于0.2 nm。该层超薄膜使磁头对水的接触角增加到110.5°±0.1,°令磁头的疏水性能得到很大提高,进而较大幅度地提高了磁头表面的抗污染能力。
基金supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.17ZR1441200,18QA1402400 and 18230743400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21771124,21901156)。
文摘Electrocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia is a fascinating alternative to Haber-Bosch process and also considered as an energy sto rage method.This work,Fe doped MoS2/carbon cloth(CC) has been studied on the electro-catalysis fix nitrogen indicating the doped Fe can indeed enhance the MoS2 material ability.Compared with MoS2/CC,Fe-Mo-S-3/CC not only increases 10 times in the rate of production ammonia,but also 5 times in Faraday efficiency.
