The Okinawa trough is a spreading back-arc basin featuring emitting hydrothermal solutions (black chimney type) and modern sulfide precipitation on the sea floor. The study of fluid inclusions in water-rock interactio...The Okinawa trough is a spreading back-arc basin featuring emitting hydrothermal solutions (black chimney type) and modern sulfide precipitation on the sea floor. The study of fluid inclusions in water-rock interaction products in the Jade hydrothermal field indicates that the deep hydrothermal system beneath the sea floor is fairly rich in gas and there are two independent and coexisting fluids-CO 2-hydrocarbon fluid and salt aqueous fluid. On the whole, the composition of CO 2-hydrocarbon fluid inclusions is similar to that of the fluid inclusions in natural gas fields. The dominant composition of the inclusions in aqueous fluid is H 2O with CO 2 and CH 4 being oversaturated. The salt aqueous fluid of the Jade hydrothermal system might be emitted through a black chimney, whereas CO 2-rich fluids discharge CO 2 bubbles and CO 2 hydrate through fissures. Hydrocarbons in gas phase or in fluid might be enclosed somewhere under the sea. Large storage of CO 2-CH 4-H 2S gas or fluid and reaction of this gas or fluid with salt water will lead to commercial sulfide deposits.展开更多
Polymer materials offer controllable structure-dependent performances in separation,catalysis and drug release.Their molecular structures can be precisely tailored to accept Li^(+)for energy storage applications.Here ...Polymer materials offer controllable structure-dependent performances in separation,catalysis and drug release.Their molecular structures can be precisely tailored to accept Li^(+)for energy storage applications.Here the design of sp^(2)carbon-based polyphenylene(PPH)with high lithium-ion uptakes and long-term stability is reported.Linear-PPH(L-PPH)exceeds the performance of crosslink-PPH(C-PPH),due to the fact that it has an ordered lamellar structure,promoting the Li^(+)intercalation/deintercalation channel.The L-PPH cell shows a clear charge and discharge plateau at 0.35 and 0.15 V vs.Li^(+)/Li,respectively,which is absent in the C-PPH cell.The Li^(+)storage capacity of L-PPH is five times that of the C-PPH.The reversible storage capacity is further improved to 261 m Ah g;by functionalizing the L-PPH with the–SO_(3)H groups.In addition,the Li-intercalated structures of C-PPH and L-PPH are investigated via near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS),suggesting the high reversible Li^(+)–C=C bond interaction at L-PPH.This strategy,based on new insight into sp^(2)functional groups,is the first step toward a molecular understanding of the structure storage-capacity relationship in sp^(2)carbon-based polymer.展开更多
To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide（GPS） against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin（TCDD）-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp,the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1,0....To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide（GPS） against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin（TCDD）-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp,the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 60 days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 μg/kg TCDD at a volume of 0.05 mL/10 g body weight.At 72 hr post-injection,blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices.The results showed that increases in alanine aminotransferase（GPT）,aspartate aminotransferase（GOT）,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）,and alkaline phosphatase（AKP） in serum induced by TCDD were significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with 1.0 g/kg GPS.Following the 1.0 g/kg GPS pre-treatment,total protein（TP）,albumin（Alb）,catalase（CAT）,glutathione peroxidase（GPx）,total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities in liver tissue increased significantly,malondialdehyde（MDA） formation（P ＆lt; 0.05 or P ＆lt; 0.01） was significantly inhibited,and the expression of cytochrome P4501A（CYP1A）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2（AHR2） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2（ARNT2） mRNA（P ＆lt; 0.05） was significantly enhanced.Histological observations on fish liver were obtained by preparing paraffin tissue sections via HE staining,and the results showed that histological changes were obviously reduced by 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg GPS.GPS significantly reduced liver tissue damage caused by TCDD.Overall,these results proved the hepatoprotective effect of GPS in protecting against fish liver injury induced by TCDD,and supported the use of GPS（1.0 g/kg） as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent in fish.展开更多
Natural gas is not only playing an increasing important role in energy and chemicals supplies in 21st century but is also the second most important component of the greenhouse gases. Clean and direct conversion of met...Natural gas is not only playing an increasing important role in energy and chemicals supplies in 21st century but is also the second most important component of the greenhouse gases. Clean and direct conversion of methane to C 2 hydrocarbons (ethane, ethene and acetylene) through AC and DC plasma catalysis enhanced by electric field was studied at low temperature ranging from 50?℃ to 100?℃, atmospheric pressure and low power conditions. The influence of form of the electrode, distance between the electrodes, voltage, diameter of reactor, flow of inlet methane, N 2/CH 4(mole) and 20 catalysts were tested under low temperature plasma. The results indicated that best form of the electrode was plate; the better distance between the electrode was 5mm; the appropriate voltage was 38V(AC);the apparent diameter of reactor was 17mm, the likely flow range flux of inlet methane was 60—80?ml·min -1 , the suitable ratio of N 2/CH 4 (mole) was 0.5—1.0.The yield of C 2 hydrocarbons was the highest on V 2O 5,ZnO(5%)/ZSM-5-38 catalyst, the yield of ethene was the highest on La 0.8 Sr 0.2 CrO 3,ZnO catalyst. The results are better than those obtained through conventional reaction of oxidation coupling of methane.展开更多
With the disruptive carbon cycle being blamed for global warming,the plausible electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to form valuable C_(2+)hydrocarbons and feedstock is becoming a hot topic.Cu-based elec...With the disruptive carbon cycle being blamed for global warming,the plausible electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to form valuable C_(2+)hydrocarbons and feedstock is becoming a hot topic.Cu-based electrocatalysts have been proven to be excellent CO_(2)RR alternatives for high energy value-added products in this regard.However,the selectivity of CO_(2)RR to form C_(2+)products via Cu-based catalysts suffers from a high overpotential,slow reaction kinetics,and low selectivity.This review attempts to discuss various cutting-edge strategies for understanding catalytic design such as Cu-based catalyst surface engineering,tuning Cu bandgap via alloying,nanocatalysis,and the effect of the electrolyte and pH on catalyst morphology.The most recent advances in in situ spectroscopy and computational techniques are summarized to fully comprehend reaction mechanisms,structural transformation/degradation mechanisms,and crystal facet loss with subsequent effects on catalyst activity.Furthermore,approaches for tuning Cu interactions are discussed from four key perspectives:single-atom catalysts,interfacial engineering,metal-organic frameworks,and polymer-incorporated materials,which provide new insights into the selectivity of C_(2+)products.Finally,major challenges are outlined,and potential prospects for the rational design of catalysts for robust CO_(2)RR are proposed.The integration of catalytic design with mechanistic understanding is a step forward in the promising advancement of CO_(2)RR technology for industrial applications.展开更多
文摘The Okinawa trough is a spreading back-arc basin featuring emitting hydrothermal solutions (black chimney type) and modern sulfide precipitation on the sea floor. The study of fluid inclusions in water-rock interaction products in the Jade hydrothermal field indicates that the deep hydrothermal system beneath the sea floor is fairly rich in gas and there are two independent and coexisting fluids-CO 2-hydrocarbon fluid and salt aqueous fluid. On the whole, the composition of CO 2-hydrocarbon fluid inclusions is similar to that of the fluid inclusions in natural gas fields. The dominant composition of the inclusions in aqueous fluid is H 2O with CO 2 and CH 4 being oversaturated. The salt aqueous fluid of the Jade hydrothermal system might be emitted through a black chimney, whereas CO 2-rich fluids discharge CO 2 bubbles and CO 2 hydrate through fissures. Hydrocarbons in gas phase or in fluid might be enclosed somewhere under the sea. Large storage of CO 2-CH 4-H 2S gas or fluid and reaction of this gas or fluid with salt water will lead to commercial sulfide deposits.
基金funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(EP/P02467X/1 and EP/S018204/1)the Centre for Nature Inspired Chemical Engineering(EP K038656/1)。
文摘Polymer materials offer controllable structure-dependent performances in separation,catalysis and drug release.Their molecular structures can be precisely tailored to accept Li^(+)for energy storage applications.Here the design of sp^(2)carbon-based polyphenylene(PPH)with high lithium-ion uptakes and long-term stability is reported.Linear-PPH(L-PPH)exceeds the performance of crosslink-PPH(C-PPH),due to the fact that it has an ordered lamellar structure,promoting the Li^(+)intercalation/deintercalation channel.The L-PPH cell shows a clear charge and discharge plateau at 0.35 and 0.15 V vs.Li^(+)/Li,respectively,which is absent in the C-PPH cell.The Li^(+)storage capacity of L-PPH is five times that of the C-PPH.The reversible storage capacity is further improved to 261 m Ah g;by functionalizing the L-PPH with the–SO_(3)H groups.In addition,the Li-intercalated structures of C-PPH and L-PPH are investigated via near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS),suggesting the high reversible Li^(+)–C=C bond interaction at L-PPH.This strategy,based on new insight into sp^(2)functional groups,is the first step toward a molecular understanding of the structure storage-capacity relationship in sp^(2)carbon-based polymer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31202002,31200918)Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(No.BK2012535)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.2014A08YQ01)
文摘To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide（GPS） against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin（TCDD）-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp,the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 60 days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 μg/kg TCDD at a volume of 0.05 mL/10 g body weight.At 72 hr post-injection,blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices.The results showed that increases in alanine aminotransferase（GPT）,aspartate aminotransferase（GOT）,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）,and alkaline phosphatase（AKP） in serum induced by TCDD were significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with 1.0 g/kg GPS.Following the 1.0 g/kg GPS pre-treatment,total protein（TP）,albumin（Alb）,catalase（CAT）,glutathione peroxidase（GPx）,total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities in liver tissue increased significantly,malondialdehyde（MDA） formation（P ＆lt; 0.05 or P ＆lt; 0.01） was significantly inhibited,and the expression of cytochrome P4501A（CYP1A）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2（AHR2） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2（ARNT2） mRNA（P ＆lt; 0.05） was significantly enhanced.Histological observations on fish liver were obtained by preparing paraffin tissue sections via HE staining,and the results showed that histological changes were obviously reduced by 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg GPS.GPS significantly reduced liver tissue damage caused by TCDD.Overall,these results proved the hepatoprotective effect of GPS in protecting against fish liver injury induced by TCDD,and supported the use of GPS（1.0 g/kg） as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent in fish.
文摘Natural gas is not only playing an increasing important role in energy and chemicals supplies in 21st century but is also the second most important component of the greenhouse gases. Clean and direct conversion of methane to C 2 hydrocarbons (ethane, ethene and acetylene) through AC and DC plasma catalysis enhanced by electric field was studied at low temperature ranging from 50?℃ to 100?℃, atmospheric pressure and low power conditions. The influence of form of the electrode, distance between the electrodes, voltage, diameter of reactor, flow of inlet methane, N 2/CH 4(mole) and 20 catalysts were tested under low temperature plasma. The results indicated that best form of the electrode was plate; the better distance between the electrode was 5mm; the appropriate voltage was 38V(AC);the apparent diameter of reactor was 17mm, the likely flow range flux of inlet methane was 60—80?ml·min -1 , the suitable ratio of N 2/CH 4 (mole) was 0.5—1.0.The yield of C 2 hydrocarbons was the highest on V 2O 5,ZnO(5%)/ZSM-5-38 catalyst, the yield of ethene was the highest on La 0.8 Sr 0.2 CrO 3,ZnO catalyst. The results are better than those obtained through conventional reaction of oxidation coupling of methane.
基金This work was financially supported by the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)(No.KY2060000150)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2060000040).We are thankful for the support from the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication and the Supercomputing Center of the USTC.
文摘With the disruptive carbon cycle being blamed for global warming,the plausible electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to form valuable C_(2+)hydrocarbons and feedstock is becoming a hot topic.Cu-based electrocatalysts have been proven to be excellent CO_(2)RR alternatives for high energy value-added products in this regard.However,the selectivity of CO_(2)RR to form C_(2+)products via Cu-based catalysts suffers from a high overpotential,slow reaction kinetics,and low selectivity.This review attempts to discuss various cutting-edge strategies for understanding catalytic design such as Cu-based catalyst surface engineering,tuning Cu bandgap via alloying,nanocatalysis,and the effect of the electrolyte and pH on catalyst morphology.The most recent advances in in situ spectroscopy and computational techniques are summarized to fully comprehend reaction mechanisms,structural transformation/degradation mechanisms,and crystal facet loss with subsequent effects on catalyst activity.Furthermore,approaches for tuning Cu interactions are discussed from four key perspectives:single-atom catalysts,interfacial engineering,metal-organic frameworks,and polymer-incorporated materials,which provide new insights into the selectivity of C_(2+)products.Finally,major challenges are outlined,and potential prospects for the rational design of catalysts for robust CO_(2)RR are proposed.The integration of catalytic design with mechanistic understanding is a step forward in the promising advancement of CO_(2)RR technology for industrial applications.
