This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildi...This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildings （SMRF）. This paper formulates a numerical study of a steel SMRF building, studied in four different situations, namely： as an office building in San Francisco; as an office building in Sacramento; as an essential facility in San Francisco, and as an essential facility in Sacramento. The analytical results of the model buildings are then compared and analyzed taking note of any significant differences. This case study explores variations in the results obtained using the two codes, particularly the design base shear and drift ratios as they relate to different locations and occupancy use. This study also proves that IBC 2003 is more stringent for the redundancy factor under design category E for the SMRF building, and drift limits for essential facilities.展开更多
The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document ope...The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document open to a wide range of possibilities and interpretations. Water Rights Allocations (WRAs) as described by Dinar and Nigatu (2013) and Dinar and Tsur (2017) provide a limited number of quantifiable allocation possibilities based on the UNWC. It is suggested that this methodology streamlines the negotiation process and reduces the effects of hydro hegemony. These methodologies are explored and applied through a case study on the Orontes River Basin.展开更多
Typhoon Winnin （1997） was one of the hurricanes that had extremely large eyewall ever revorded with a diameter of eyewall reaching 370 kin. Using the Penn State Uhiversity/National Center for Atmospheric Researeh me...Typhoon Winnin （1997） was one of the hurricanes that had extremely large eyewall ever revorded with a diameter of eyewall reaching 370 kin. Using the Penn State Uhiversity/National Center for Atmospheric Researeh mesoscale model MM5 with 3-kan grid horizontal spacing on the finest nested mesh, Winnie was successfully simulated in terms of track, intensity, eye and concentric eyewalls. The dynamic and thermal structures of concentric eyewalls were studied based on the model output. It was found that the concentric eyewails and their surrounding wind fields were asymmetric in observation as well as in simulation. Winale＇s outer eyewall was associated with a maximum wind ring, a warm moist ring, and a high vorticity ring. The inner eyewall was associated with a secondary maximum wind ring and a warm moist ring. Upward motion dominated the whole layer of inner eyewall and the area above 2-km altitude of the outer eyew031. Downward motion was found inside the eye and the moat. Radial inflow happened in the boundary layer of the outer eyewall and the moat, but radial outflow dominated the middle and upper levels of the outer eyewall.展开更多
Ⅰ. The Environment For The Development Of China’s Auto Industry In 1997 1. Macro-economic environment As the second year of 9th Five-Year Plan, 1997 will be a very important year in China’s history. For promoting t...Ⅰ. The Environment For The Development Of China’s Auto Industry In 1997 1. Macro-economic environment As the second year of 9th Five-Year Plan, 1997 will be a very important year in China’s history. For promoting the two basic changements, the moderately restricted fiscal & monetary policies will continue for reducing the inflation with some flexible tactics to be used,展开更多
基金Rearch Grant from the School of Engineering,San Francisco State University
文摘This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildings （SMRF）. This paper formulates a numerical study of a steel SMRF building, studied in four different situations, namely： as an office building in San Francisco; as an office building in Sacramento; as an essential facility in San Francisco, and as an essential facility in Sacramento. The analytical results of the model buildings are then compared and analyzed taking note of any significant differences. This case study explores variations in the results obtained using the two codes, particularly the design base shear and drift ratios as they relate to different locations and occupancy use. This study also proves that IBC 2003 is more stringent for the redundancy factor under design category E for the SMRF building, and drift limits for essential facilities.
文摘The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document open to a wide range of possibilities and interpretations. Water Rights Allocations (WRAs) as described by Dinar and Nigatu (2013) and Dinar and Tsur (2017) provide a limited number of quantifiable allocation possibilities based on the UNWC. It is suggested that this methodology streamlines the negotiation process and reduces the effects of hydro hegemony. These methodologies are explored and applied through a case study on the Orontes River Basin.
基金Supported by the State 973 Key Program (2004CB418301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40375017, 40675022, and 60572184.
文摘Typhoon Winnin （1997） was one of the hurricanes that had extremely large eyewall ever revorded with a diameter of eyewall reaching 370 kin. Using the Penn State Uhiversity/National Center for Atmospheric Researeh mesoscale model MM5 with 3-kan grid horizontal spacing on the finest nested mesh, Winnie was successfully simulated in terms of track, intensity, eye and concentric eyewalls. The dynamic and thermal structures of concentric eyewalls were studied based on the model output. It was found that the concentric eyewails and their surrounding wind fields were asymmetric in observation as well as in simulation. Winale＇s outer eyewall was associated with a maximum wind ring, a warm moist ring, and a high vorticity ring. The inner eyewall was associated with a secondary maximum wind ring and a warm moist ring. Upward motion dominated the whole layer of inner eyewall and the area above 2-km altitude of the outer eyew031. Downward motion was found inside the eye and the moat. Radial inflow happened in the boundary layer of the outer eyewall and the moat, but radial outflow dominated the middle and upper levels of the outer eyewall.
文摘Ⅰ. The Environment For The Development Of China’s Auto Industry In 1997 1. Macro-economic environment As the second year of 9th Five-Year Plan, 1997 will be a very important year in China’s history. For promoting the two basic changements, the moderately restricted fiscal & monetary policies will continue for reducing the inflation with some flexible tactics to be used,
