Benefitting from the development of non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs),remarkable advances have been achieved with the power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 19%over the last few years.However,the major achievement come...Benefitting from the development of non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs),remarkable advances have been achieved with the power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 19%over the last few years.However,the major achievement comes from fused ring electron acceptors(FREAs)with complex structures,leading to high cost.Hence,it is urgent to design new materials to resolve the cost issues concerning basic commercial requirements of organic solar cells.Recently,great progress has been made in fully non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)with only single-aromatic ring in the electron-donating core,which might achieve a fine balance between the efficiency and cost,thus accelerating the commercial application of organic solar cells.Therefore,this article summarizes the recent advances of fully NFREAs with efficiency over 10%,which may provide a guidance for developing the cost-effective solar cells.展开更多
Gold disk targets were irradiated using focusing and beam smoothing methods on Xingguang (XG-Ⅱ) laser facilities with 350 nm wavelength,0.6 ns pulse width and 20-80 Joules energies. Laser absorption,light scattering ...Gold disk targets were irradiated using focusing and beam smoothing methods on Xingguang (XG-Ⅱ) laser facilities with 350 nm wavelength,0.6 ns pulse width and 20-80 Joules energies. Laser absorption,light scattering and X-ray conversion were experimentally investigated. The experimental results showed that laser ab-sorption and scattered light were about 90% and 10%,respectively,under focusing irradiation,but the laser absorption increased 5%-10% and the scattered light about 1% under the condition of beam smoothing. Compared with the case of fo-cusing irradiation,the laser absorption was effectively improved and the scattered light remarkably dropped under uniform irradiation; then due to the decrease in laser intensity,X-ray conversion increased. This is highly advantageous to the in-ertial confinement fusion. However,X-ray conversion mechanism basically did not change and X-ray conversion efficiency under beam smoothing and focusing irra-diation was basically the same.展开更多
Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained u...Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained under different drawing velocities, drawing temperatures anddraw ratios. The variations of structural factors of fiber such as the orientation, crystallinity,crystallite size and the thermal shrinkage have been measured. It is proved through experimentsthat the thermal shrinkage（Y） of the drawn fiber of PET POY is influenced by the orientation （rep-resented by sonic velocity x<sub>1</sub>） and crystallinity （x<sub>2</sub>） of the fiber. The quantitative relationship is es-tablished using the binary regression method: Y=10.2246+2.2030x<sub>1</sub>-26.2670x<sub>2</sub> The mechanical properties such as tenacity, elongation, yield stress, initial modulus and the te-nacity at 10% elongation, etc. have also been measured. The relations between the tenacity at 10%elongation （D） and drawing velocity（V）, draw ratio （DR）, drawing temperature （T）, and sonic ve-locity and crystallinity have been obtained using a method of mathematical statistics: D=4.594-0.009 6V , D=-8.937+7.170DR, D=2.866+0.00629T, D=-7.34+2.866x<sub>1</sub>+6.314x<sub>2</sub> These equations fit well with data from the experiments. This work will be benefical to the control of quality of products and the development of newproducts.展开更多
A study carried out for assessment of acaricide for control and how to show resistance of hard tick （Ixodidae） with some types of acaricide which available in Sulaimani marked froro February to April 2012, isolated ...A study carried out for assessment of acaricide for control and how to show resistance of hard tick （Ixodidae） with some types of acaricide which available in Sulaimani marked froro February to April 2012, isolated 80 cattle （local breed） naturally infested with hard tick. Six hundred and fifteen ticks min7 tick/cattle including three genera species were collected and identified, the highest Boophilus spp. followed by Hyalomma spp., and Rhipicephalus spp. were less frequent species collected. Experimental cattle divided into four groups each group content 20 cattle, treatment with four types acaricide and their average of infestation in cattle with Boophilus spp. 33 （41.25%） as the commonest, followed by Hyalomma spp. 31 （75.38%）, Rhipicephalus spp. 11 （13.75%） and 5 （6.25%） found mixed infested with Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp. 65 （81.3%） of cattle samples had emaciation and skin lesions. According to site of infestation, it showed that inguinal region was the most common predilection site for the ticks. Observed the genera Boophilus spp., there were highly significant differences （12.52%） between different tick species when calculated by general test （LSD）. The objective of this study was to estimate and compare these acaricide to control hard tick, and there was highly significant relation between different species of hard ticks when treated by these acaricide, according to the chi-square tests. The activities of the acaricide through the time of application were different on the tick genera species. Diazinon （60%） and carbamate （saven 85%） has been a greater degree than other acaricide resistance, while shows the activity of both acaricide injectable ivermactin and cypromethrein through the early time on all species. The results of the study otherwise provide encouraging possibilities for the potential use recommended dose with both acaricide ivermactin-l% and cypromethrine-10%.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51973169 and 52003209)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2020WNLOKF015)the Science Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology(Nos.K202023 and K202025).
文摘Benefitting from the development of non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs),remarkable advances have been achieved with the power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 19%over the last few years.However,the major achievement comes from fused ring electron acceptors(FREAs)with complex structures,leading to high cost.Hence,it is urgent to design new materials to resolve the cost issues concerning basic commercial requirements of organic solar cells.Recently,great progress has been made in fully non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)with only single-aromatic ring in the electron-donating core,which might achieve a fine balance between the efficiency and cost,thus accelerating the commercial application of organic solar cells.Therefore,this article summarizes the recent advances of fully NFREAs with efficiency over 10%,which may provide a guidance for developing the cost-effective solar cells.
文摘Gold disk targets were irradiated using focusing and beam smoothing methods on Xingguang (XG-Ⅱ) laser facilities with 350 nm wavelength,0.6 ns pulse width and 20-80 Joules energies. Laser absorption,light scattering and X-ray conversion were experimentally investigated. The experimental results showed that laser ab-sorption and scattered light were about 90% and 10%,respectively,under focusing irradiation,but the laser absorption increased 5%-10% and the scattered light about 1% under the condition of beam smoothing. Compared with the case of fo-cusing irradiation,the laser absorption was effectively improved and the scattered light remarkably dropped under uniform irradiation; then due to the decrease in laser intensity,X-ray conversion increased. This is highly advantageous to the in-ertial confinement fusion. However,X-ray conversion mechanism basically did not change and X-ray conversion efficiency under beam smoothing and focusing irra-diation was basically the same.
文摘Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained under different drawing velocities, drawing temperatures anddraw ratios. The variations of structural factors of fiber such as the orientation, crystallinity,crystallite size and the thermal shrinkage have been measured. It is proved through experimentsthat the thermal shrinkage（Y） of the drawn fiber of PET POY is influenced by the orientation （rep-resented by sonic velocity x<sub>1</sub>） and crystallinity （x<sub>2</sub>） of the fiber. The quantitative relationship is es-tablished using the binary regression method: Y=10.2246+2.2030x<sub>1</sub>-26.2670x<sub>2</sub> The mechanical properties such as tenacity, elongation, yield stress, initial modulus and the te-nacity at 10% elongation, etc. have also been measured. The relations between the tenacity at 10%elongation （D） and drawing velocity（V）, draw ratio （DR）, drawing temperature （T）, and sonic ve-locity and crystallinity have been obtained using a method of mathematical statistics: D=4.594-0.009 6V , D=-8.937+7.170DR, D=2.866+0.00629T, D=-7.34+2.866x<sub>1</sub>+6.314x<sub>2</sub> These equations fit well with data from the experiments. This work will be benefical to the control of quality of products and the development of newproducts.
文摘A study carried out for assessment of acaricide for control and how to show resistance of hard tick （Ixodidae） with some types of acaricide which available in Sulaimani marked froro February to April 2012, isolated 80 cattle （local breed） naturally infested with hard tick. Six hundred and fifteen ticks min7 tick/cattle including three genera species were collected and identified, the highest Boophilus spp. followed by Hyalomma spp., and Rhipicephalus spp. were less frequent species collected. Experimental cattle divided into four groups each group content 20 cattle, treatment with four types acaricide and their average of infestation in cattle with Boophilus spp. 33 （41.25%） as the commonest, followed by Hyalomma spp. 31 （75.38%）, Rhipicephalus spp. 11 （13.75%） and 5 （6.25%） found mixed infested with Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp. 65 （81.3%） of cattle samples had emaciation and skin lesions. According to site of infestation, it showed that inguinal region was the most common predilection site for the ticks. Observed the genera Boophilus spp., there were highly significant differences （12.52%） between different tick species when calculated by general test （LSD）. The objective of this study was to estimate and compare these acaricide to control hard tick, and there was highly significant relation between different species of hard ticks when treated by these acaricide, according to the chi-square tests. The activities of the acaricide through the time of application were different on the tick genera species. Diazinon （60%） and carbamate （saven 85%） has been a greater degree than other acaricide resistance, while shows the activity of both acaricide injectable ivermactin and cypromethrein through the early time on all species. The results of the study otherwise provide encouraging possibilities for the potential use recommended dose with both acaricide ivermactin-l% and cypromethrine-10%.
