Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture(EA) in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) in vivo. Methods: Senescenceaccelerated mouse prone 8(SA...Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture(EA) in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) in vivo. Methods: Senescenceaccelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8) mice were used as AD models and received EA at Yingxiang(LI 20, bilateral) and Yintang(GV 29) points for 20 days. For certain experiments, SAMP8 mice were injected intravenously with human fibrin(2 mg). The Morris water maze test was used to assess cognitive and memory abilities. The changes of tight junctions of blood-brain barrier(BBB) in mice were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expressions of fibrin, amyloid-β(Aβ), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBa-1) in mouse hippocampus(CA1/CA3) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The expression of fibrin in mouse plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining. Results: Fibrin was time-dependently deposited in the hippocampus of SAMP8mice and this was inhibited by EA treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, EA treatment suppressed the accumulation of Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice(P<0.01), which was reversed by fibrin injection(P<0.05 or P<0.01). EA improved SAMP8 mice cognitive impairment and BBB permeability(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover, EA decreased reactive oxygen species levels and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of SAMP8mice, which was reversed by fibrin injection(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Mechanistically, EA inhibited the promoting effect of fibrin on the high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH展开更多
目的探讨固本降消汤联合达格列净经腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路、沉默信息调节因子调治2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴肥胖的效果及机制。方法选取2021年1—12月收治的T2DM伴肥胖120例,根据治疗方案不同将其分为观察组和对照组2组各60例。观...目的探讨固本降消汤联合达格列净经腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路、沉默信息调节因子调治2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴肥胖的效果及机制。方法选取2021年1—12月收治的T2DM伴肥胖120例,根据治疗方案不同将其分为观察组和对照组2组各60例。观察组采用固本降消汤联合达格列净治疗,对照组采用达格列净治疗,连续治疗3个月。比较2组治疗3个月后临床效果,治疗前及治疗1、3个月后血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、氧化应激指标[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(ROS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α1/Toll样受体4(AMPKα1/TLR4)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、能量平衡相关蛋白(Adropin)、鸢尾素(Irisin)、趋化素(Chemerin)及沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)、沉默信息调节因子3(SIRT3),以及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3个月后,总有效率观察组为96.67%高于对照组83.33%(P<0.05)。治疗1和3个月后,FPG、HbA1c、2 h PG、MDA、ROS、TGF-β1、NF-κB及Chemerin 2组均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组;GSH-Px、AMPKα1/TLR4、Adropin、Irisin及SIRT1、SIRT32组均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗期间,不良反应总发生率观察组为13.33%,对照组为10.00%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论固本降消汤联合达格列净调治T2DM伴肥胖可提高临床效果,改善血糖水平,减轻氧化应激损伤,并可经AMPK信号通路抑制肾损伤,调节SIRT1和SIRT3,延缓病情进展。展开更多
AIM： To investigate whether high-mobility group box 1（HMGB1） Boxb exacerbates BALB/c mice corneal immune responses and inflammatory through the Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）/myeloid differentiation primary response...AIM： To investigate whether high-mobility group box 1（HMGB1） Boxb exacerbates BALB/c mice corneal immune responses and inflammatory through the Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）/myeloid differentiation primary response 88（My D88）-dependent signaling pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus（A. fumigatus） keratitis.METHODS： The mice corneas were pretreated with phosphate buffer saline（PBS）, Boxb before A. fumigatus infection. The abdominal cavity extracted macrophages were pretreated with PBS, Boxb, TLR4 inhibitor（CLI-095）, Dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO） separately before A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation. HMGB1 was detected in normal and infected mice corneas and macrophages by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）, the TLR4, My D88, interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were detected by Western blot and PCR.RESULTS： In BALB/c mice corneas, the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α were increased after A. fumigatus infection. While pretreatment with Boxb significantly increased the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, My D88, IL-1β, TNF-α compared with PBS control after infection. In BALB/c mice abdominal cavity extracted macrophages, pretreatment with Boxb increased the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, My D88, IL-1β, TNF-α, while pretreatment with CLI-095 and Boxb significantly decreased the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, My D88, IL-1β, TNF-α. CONCLUSION： In A. fumigatus keratitis, Boxb play a proinflammatory role in corneal anti-fungi immune response through the HMGB1-TLR4-My D88 signal pathway.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82074552)Shaanxi Science and Technology Department Project (No.2018JM7041)Shaanxi Province TCM "Double Chain Integration" Young and Middle-Aged Scientific Research Innovation Team Construction Project (No.2022-SLRH-LJ-012)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture(EA) in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) in vivo. Methods: Senescenceaccelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8) mice were used as AD models and received EA at Yingxiang(LI 20, bilateral) and Yintang(GV 29) points for 20 days. For certain experiments, SAMP8 mice were injected intravenously with human fibrin(2 mg). The Morris water maze test was used to assess cognitive and memory abilities. The changes of tight junctions of blood-brain barrier(BBB) in mice were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expressions of fibrin, amyloid-β(Aβ), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBa-1) in mouse hippocampus(CA1/CA3) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The expression of fibrin in mouse plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining. Results: Fibrin was time-dependently deposited in the hippocampus of SAMP8mice and this was inhibited by EA treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, EA treatment suppressed the accumulation of Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice(P<0.01), which was reversed by fibrin injection(P<0.05 or P<0.01). EA improved SAMP8 mice cognitive impairment and BBB permeability(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover, EA decreased reactive oxygen species levels and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of SAMP8mice, which was reversed by fibrin injection(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Mechanistically, EA inhibited the promoting effect of fibrin on the high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH
文摘目的探讨固本降消汤联合达格列净经腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路、沉默信息调节因子调治2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴肥胖的效果及机制。方法选取2021年1—12月收治的T2DM伴肥胖120例,根据治疗方案不同将其分为观察组和对照组2组各60例。观察组采用固本降消汤联合达格列净治疗,对照组采用达格列净治疗,连续治疗3个月。比较2组治疗3个月后临床效果,治疗前及治疗1、3个月后血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、氧化应激指标[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(ROS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α1/Toll样受体4(AMPKα1/TLR4)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、能量平衡相关蛋白(Adropin)、鸢尾素(Irisin)、趋化素(Chemerin)及沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)、沉默信息调节因子3(SIRT3),以及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3个月后,总有效率观察组为96.67%高于对照组83.33%(P<0.05)。治疗1和3个月后,FPG、HbA1c、2 h PG、MDA、ROS、TGF-β1、NF-κB及Chemerin 2组均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组;GSH-Px、AMPKα1/TLR4、Adropin、Irisin及SIRT1、SIRT32组均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗期间,不良反应总发生率观察组为13.33%,对照组为10.00%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论固本降消汤联合达格列净调治T2DM伴肥胖可提高临床效果,改善血糖水平,减轻氧化应激损伤,并可经AMPK信号通路抑制肾损伤,调节SIRT1和SIRT3,延缓病情进展。
文摘AIM： To investigate whether high-mobility group box 1（HMGB1） Boxb exacerbates BALB/c mice corneal immune responses and inflammatory through the Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）/myeloid differentiation primary response 88（My D88）-dependent signaling pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus（A. fumigatus） keratitis.METHODS： The mice corneas were pretreated with phosphate buffer saline（PBS）, Boxb before A. fumigatus infection. The abdominal cavity extracted macrophages were pretreated with PBS, Boxb, TLR4 inhibitor（CLI-095）, Dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO） separately before A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation. HMGB1 was detected in normal and infected mice corneas and macrophages by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）, the TLR4, My D88, interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were detected by Western blot and PCR.RESULTS： In BALB/c mice corneas, the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α were increased after A. fumigatus infection. While pretreatment with Boxb significantly increased the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, My D88, IL-1β, TNF-α compared with PBS control after infection. In BALB/c mice abdominal cavity extracted macrophages, pretreatment with Boxb increased the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, My D88, IL-1β, TNF-α, while pretreatment with CLI-095 and Boxb significantly decreased the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, My D88, IL-1β, TNF-α. CONCLUSION： In A. fumigatus keratitis, Boxb play a proinflammatory role in corneal anti-fungi immune response through the HMGB1-TLR4-My D88 signal pathway.
