The increased prevalence of high temperatures （HTs） around the world is a major global concern, as they dramatically affect agronomic productivity. Upon HT exposure, plants sense the temperature change and initiate ...The increased prevalence of high temperatures （HTs） around the world is a major global concern, as they dramatically affect agronomic productivity. Upon HT exposure, plants sense the temperature change and initiate cellular and metabolic responses that enable them to adapt to their new environmental conditions.Decoding the mechanisms by which plants cope with HT will facilitate the development of molecular markers to enable the production of plants with improved thermotolerance. In recent decades, genetic, physiological, molecular, and biochemical studies have revealed a number of vital cellular components and processes involved in thermoresponsive growth and the acquisition of thermo- tolerance in plants. This review summarizes the major mechanisms involved in plant HT responses, with a special focus on recent discoveries related to plant thermosensing, heat stress signaling, and HT-regulated gene expression networks that promote plant adaptation to elevated environmental temperatures.展开更多
To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related protein(Fas,FasL,and Bcl-2)in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATDs),immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)...To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related protein(Fas,FasL,and Bcl-2)in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATDs),immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT),20 Graves'disease(GD),and 20 thyroid follicular adenoma(TFA,as control).All the cases expressed Fas,mainly on the cell surface and cytoplasm.FasL was found in 17 cases of the TFA.Bcl-2 was detected in 15 cases of HT,19 of GD and 17 of TFA.In TFA,a moderate Fas expression and a minimal or no FasL expression was detected on follicular cells.In HT,the follicles adjacent to infiltrating lymphocytes showed increased levels of Fas and FasL expression.A weaker staining of Fas and FasL was exhibited on infiltrating lymphocytes than on thyrocytes.In a comparison of GD with HT,thyrocytes and lymphocytes showed similar Fas staining,but for FasL the staining was rather weaker in HT.The expression of Bcl-2 was nearly identical in GD and TFA,but much weaker on the follicular cells in vicinity of lymphocytes and on the lymphocytes located in germinal centers of HT tissues.The expression of Fas,FasL,Bcl-2 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease were almost same.FasL strong expression and Bcl-2 weak expression on the follicles in HT may induce apoptosis.These results provided evidence for expression of Fas,FasL and Bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease.The lymphocytes seem not to be directly engaged in the process via their own FasL,but they may provide some cytokines that,in turn,upregulate Fas and/or FasL expression to induce apoptosis.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(3):224-228.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of intracranial germinoma patients treated with craniospinal irradiation （CSI） using helical tomotherapy （HT） system in our center. Methods： Twenty-three p...Objective： To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of intracranial germinoma patients treated with craniospinal irradiation （CSI） using helical tomotherapy （HT） system in our center. Methods： Twenty-three patients who were treated with CSI in our center from January 2008 to July 2012 were collected, with an average age of 20. M1 of the patients＇ CSI used the HT system. The total doses were 27-36 Gy/15-20 F （1.5-2 Gy per fraction）, and total local doses were 46-60 Gy/30-50 F （5 fractions per week）. M1 female patients for CSI were treated with left-right parallel-opposed field irradiation to protect their ovarian functions. Median follow-up time was 30.9 months （range, 5-67 months）. The SPSS19.0 software was used, and the overall survival （OS） was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results： Among 17 patients with assessable tumors, 9 cases （52.9%） were CR, 7 cases （41.2%） were PR, and 1 case （5.9%） was SD. Hematological toxicity was the severest side-effect occurred in the procedure of CSI. The level 1-4 acute leukopenia were 8.7%, 30.4%, 34.8% and 21.7% and the level 1-4 acute thrombopenia were 8.7%, 30.4%, 21.7% and 8.7%, respectively. Conclusions： For primary intracranial germinomas, HT can be used to implement CSI for simplifying radiotherapy procedures, improving radiotherapy accuracy, enhancing protection of peripheral organs at risk （ORA） and guaranteeing therapeutic effects. With the acceptable acute and long-term toxicity, CSI using HT in intracranial germinoma patients can be a safe and alternative mode.展开更多
基金supported,in part,by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670265)the Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province(15966306D)
文摘The increased prevalence of high temperatures （HTs） around the world is a major global concern, as they dramatically affect agronomic productivity. Upon HT exposure, plants sense the temperature change and initiate cellular and metabolic responses that enable them to adapt to their new environmental conditions.Decoding the mechanisms by which plants cope with HT will facilitate the development of molecular markers to enable the production of plants with improved thermotolerance. In recent decades, genetic, physiological, molecular, and biochemical studies have revealed a number of vital cellular components and processes involved in thermoresponsive growth and the acquisition of thermo- tolerance in plants. This review summarizes the major mechanisms involved in plant HT responses, with a special focus on recent discoveries related to plant thermosensing, heat stress signaling, and HT-regulated gene expression networks that promote plant adaptation to elevated environmental temperatures.
文摘To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related protein(Fas,FasL,and Bcl-2)in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATDs),immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT),20 Graves'disease(GD),and 20 thyroid follicular adenoma(TFA,as control).All the cases expressed Fas,mainly on the cell surface and cytoplasm.FasL was found in 17 cases of the TFA.Bcl-2 was detected in 15 cases of HT,19 of GD and 17 of TFA.In TFA,a moderate Fas expression and a minimal or no FasL expression was detected on follicular cells.In HT,the follicles adjacent to infiltrating lymphocytes showed increased levels of Fas and FasL expression.A weaker staining of Fas and FasL was exhibited on infiltrating lymphocytes than on thyrocytes.In a comparison of GD with HT,thyrocytes and lymphocytes showed similar Fas staining,but for FasL the staining was rather weaker in HT.The expression of Bcl-2 was nearly identical in GD and TFA,but much weaker on the follicular cells in vicinity of lymphocytes and on the lymphocytes located in germinal centers of HT tissues.The expression of Fas,FasL,Bcl-2 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease were almost same.FasL strong expression and Bcl-2 weak expression on the follicles in HT may induce apoptosis.These results provided evidence for expression of Fas,FasL and Bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease.The lymphocytes seem not to be directly engaged in the process via their own FasL,but they may provide some cytokines that,in turn,upregulate Fas and/or FasL expression to induce apoptosis.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(3):224-228.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of intracranial germinoma patients treated with craniospinal irradiation （CSI） using helical tomotherapy （HT） system in our center. Methods： Twenty-three patients who were treated with CSI in our center from January 2008 to July 2012 were collected, with an average age of 20. M1 of the patients＇ CSI used the HT system. The total doses were 27-36 Gy/15-20 F （1.5-2 Gy per fraction）, and total local doses were 46-60 Gy/30-50 F （5 fractions per week）. M1 female patients for CSI were treated with left-right parallel-opposed field irradiation to protect their ovarian functions. Median follow-up time was 30.9 months （range, 5-67 months）. The SPSS19.0 software was used, and the overall survival （OS） was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results： Among 17 patients with assessable tumors, 9 cases （52.9%） were CR, 7 cases （41.2%） were PR, and 1 case （5.9%） was SD. Hematological toxicity was the severest side-effect occurred in the procedure of CSI. The level 1-4 acute leukopenia were 8.7%, 30.4%, 34.8% and 21.7% and the level 1-4 acute thrombopenia were 8.7%, 30.4%, 21.7% and 8.7%, respectively. Conclusions： For primary intracranial germinomas, HT can be used to implement CSI for simplifying radiotherapy procedures, improving radiotherapy accuracy, enhancing protection of peripheral organs at risk （ORA） and guaranteeing therapeutic effects. With the acceptable acute and long-term toxicity, CSI using HT in intracranial germinoma patients can be a safe and alternative mode.
