Characteristics of the spatial distribution of selected dissolved heavy metals were analyzed during large scale surveys from August t2 to 25, 2003 in the Bohai Sea. Dissolved Pb was the only element with average conce...Characteristics of the spatial distribution of selected dissolved heavy metals were analyzed during large scale surveys from August t2 to 25, 2003 in the Bohai Sea. Dissolved Pb was the only element with average concentrations higher than the grade-one sea water quality standard of China. The spatial distribution of dissolved Pb in surface water was similar to those of Cd, Cu and As, where the isopleths generally indicated decreasing values from the bays to the central areas. Only for Hg did the high concentrations not only appear in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay, but also in the Central Area, viz. not only in inshore but also in offshore areas. Vertical distributions of dissolved Pb, Cd, Cu and As were largely uniform, while that of dissolved Hg increased with depth. We infer that the input of pollutants from land was the main influencing factor for the detected distribution patterns of dissolved heavy metals, followed by the dynamics of sea water, release from bottom sediments and biochemical processes. Comparing with historical data, average concentrations of dissolved heavy metals appear to decline in recent years.展开更多
The active sources generate seismic waves transmitting appropriate through the deep is underground key and can be used to image Abstract high-resolution subsurface structures.Therefore,an seismic source the factor to ...The active sources generate seismic waves transmitting appropriate through the deep is underground key and can be used to image Abstract high-resolution subsurface structures.Therefore,an seismic source the factor to active source exploration.In order to study the structure of continental crust and its temporal variations,we selected an artificial seismic source generated from releasing air bubbles in water(airgun source hereinafter)out of a variety and of artificial sources like the is explosion,new electronic sparkers,source hammering,eccentric proven vibration,be heavy-duty train vibration,vibroseis etc.Airgun Three source Fixed a type of artificial that have been to environmentally friendly,safe,and highly efficient.Airgun western Signal China Transmission and Stations(FASTS)have been for built a few years ago in Yunnan,Xinjiang,and Gansu provinces in have been continuously them running several years.Seismic waves generated away by the the airgun sources are highly seismic reproducible waves and stacking in of can produce can good seismograms on 1300 stations km far from source,for instance,an produced Xinjiang FASTS be well about recorded 60 nearly away after 5000 stacking,China covering area of 6 million km2 and penetrating down to of a depth of km.Establishing about 10 FASTSs in would enable long-term illuminate continuous subsurface underground structures,monitoring can all 9.6 million km2 of land area.Treating from airgun sky active sources as lanterns to we achieve the situation with"Beidou surveys the and lantern illuminates underground".展开更多
2006年3月-8月在天津市区以问卷调查方式就居民对环境噪声群体性反应进行了研究。问卷采用了国际噪声组织ICBEN(International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise)第6小组推荐使用的两个标准调查问题,同时在参与调查的居民区...2006年3月-8月在天津市区以问卷调查方式就居民对环境噪声群体性反应进行了研究。问卷采用了国际噪声组织ICBEN(International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise)第6小组推荐使用的两个标准调查问题,同时在参与调查的居民区内18个测点进行了道路噪声暴露量的测量,建立了居民对道路噪声群体性反应关系曲线。在此基础上对居民现处的声环境及居民对噪声问题的态度和评价特点进行了分析:调查对象能清楚地认识到噪声对生活质量的影响,对所处的声环境均持否定的态度,特别是对工作和公共场所的声环境。调查对象认为道路噪声是现在和将来困扰他们的最主要的噪声源,对建筑施工噪声最反感。调查对象更看重私密空间的声质量,噪声的主观评价也随被干扰活动的重要程度不同而不同。展开更多
Objective To examine Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control it,two nationwide surveys were undertaken in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalit...Objective To examine Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control it,two nationwide surveys were undertaken in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities（PAMs） during 1988-92（the 1990 survey） and during 2001-04（the 2003 survey）.Methods During the period 2001-04,two sampling methods were applied.The first method repeated the stratified cluster random sampling used in the 1990 survey;the second method applied two-characteristic stratified cluster random sampling in 27 PAMs—the 2003 endemic area（EA） survey.The Kato-Katz thick smear method was used for the nationwide survey.Results The infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis in the 1990 and 2003 surveys were 0.311% and 0.579%,respectively.The infection rate was 2.40% in the 2003 EA survey,and it was estimated that 12.49 million people in China were infected with Clonorchis sinensis.Conclusion The 2003 survey showed that the standardized infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis increased by 74.85% compared with the 1990 survey.The infection rate in males was higher than in females;the infection rate among people eating raw fish or eating out frequently was higher than among those who did not.展开更多
AIM:An investigation into inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001.METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively...AIM:An investigation into inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001.METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively. The majority of patients were followed up regularly.RESULTS:The population of the province was decreased from 386000 to 376000 during the period. Five hundred sixty new cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 212 of Crohn's disease (CD), and 40 of indeterminate colitis (IC) were diagnosed. The incidence rates increased from 1.66 to 11.01 cases per 100 000 persons for UC, from 0.41 to 4.68 for CD and from 0.26 to 0.74 for IC. The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for UC and 52.9 cases per 100 000 persons for CD. The peak onset age in UC patients was between 30 and 40 years, in CD between 20 and 30 years. A family history of IBD was present in 3.4% in UC and 9.9% in CD patients.Smoking increased the risk for CD (OR=1.94) while it decreased the risk for UC (OR=0.25). Twelve colorectal carcinomas were observed in this cohort, the cumulative colorectal cancer risk after 10 years in UC was 2%, after 20 years 8.8%, after 30 years 13.3%.CONCLUSION:The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD have increased steadily in Veszprem Province, now equivalent to that in Western European countries. Rapid increase in incidence rates supports a probable role for environmental factors. The rate of colorectal cancers in IBD is similar to that observed in Western countries.展开更多
Objectives: To investigate the adversity quotient (AQ) of Macao undergraduate nursing students and analyse its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-section design was used,and a convenience sample of nursing students(n...Objectives: To investigate the adversity quotient (AQ) of Macao undergraduate nursing students and analyse its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-section design was used,and a convenience sample of nursing students(n=158 valid)was selected from a tertiary institute in Macao.In addition to demographic questions,the Chinese versions of the Adversity Quotient Scale,the Emotional Intelligence(EI)Scale,the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Parenting Styles Scale were used to assess the students'characteristics.Results:The average AQ score of the students was 116.72±11.39.AQ scores were negatively correlated with coping-negative,and maternal style(excessive interference,excessive protection)(r=-0.332,P<0.001;r=-0.167,P=0.036).Coping-negative entered the regression equation(F=19.154,P<0.001).The female nursing students had higher scores in ownership dimension of AQ than their male counterparts(31.98±3.26 vs.29.21±3.08,t=-4.442,P<0.001).Conclusions:The average AQ scores of Macao undergraduate nursing students were moderate.The female nursing students are more likely to attribute the cause of adversity to themselves,and specific psychosocial and cultural issues may be at play.There is a necessity for Macao nursing students to improve their ability to overcome setbacks.Special attention should be paid to the cultivation of students'positive coping styles.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40136020).
文摘Characteristics of the spatial distribution of selected dissolved heavy metals were analyzed during large scale surveys from August t2 to 25, 2003 in the Bohai Sea. Dissolved Pb was the only element with average concentrations higher than the grade-one sea water quality standard of China. The spatial distribution of dissolved Pb in surface water was similar to those of Cd, Cu and As, where the isopleths generally indicated decreasing values from the bays to the central areas. Only for Hg did the high concentrations not only appear in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay, but also in the Central Area, viz. not only in inshore but also in offshore areas. Vertical distributions of dissolved Pb, Cd, Cu and As were largely uniform, while that of dissolved Hg increased with depth. We infer that the input of pollutants from land was the main influencing factor for the detected distribution patterns of dissolved heavy metals, followed by the dynamics of sea water, release from bottom sediments and biochemical processes. Comparing with historical data, average concentrations of dissolved heavy metals appear to decline in recent years.
基金supported jointly by Special Fund Project for Scientific Research in Earthquake Industry(Grant No.201508008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41674058,41474048,41474051&41561164018)+1 种基金Chen Yong Academician Workstation in Yunnan Province(Grant No.2014IC007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(Grant No.WK2080000053)
文摘The active sources generate seismic waves transmitting appropriate through the deep is underground key and can be used to image Abstract high-resolution subsurface structures.Therefore,an seismic source the factor to active source exploration.In order to study the structure of continental crust and its temporal variations,we selected an artificial seismic source generated from releasing air bubbles in water(airgun source hereinafter)out of a variety and of artificial sources like the is explosion,new electronic sparkers,source hammering,eccentric proven vibration,be heavy-duty train vibration,vibroseis etc.Airgun Three source Fixed a type of artificial that have been to environmentally friendly,safe,and highly efficient.Airgun western Signal China Transmission and Stations(FASTS)have been for built a few years ago in Yunnan,Xinjiang,and Gansu provinces in have been continuously them running several years.Seismic waves generated away by the the airgun sources are highly seismic reproducible waves and stacking in of can produce can good seismograms on 1300 stations km far from source,for instance,an produced Xinjiang FASTS be well about recorded 60 nearly away after 5000 stacking,China covering area of 6 million km2 and penetrating down to of a depth of km.Establishing about 10 FASTSs in would enable long-term illuminate continuous subsurface underground structures,monitoring can all 9.6 million km2 of land area.Treating from airgun sky active sources as lanterns to we achieve the situation with"Beidou surveys the and lantern illuminates underground".
文摘2006年3月-8月在天津市区以问卷调查方式就居民对环境噪声群体性反应进行了研究。问卷采用了国际噪声组织ICBEN(International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise)第6小组推荐使用的两个标准调查问题,同时在参与调查的居民区内18个测点进行了道路噪声暴露量的测量,建立了居民对道路噪声群体性反应关系曲线。在此基础上对居民现处的声环境及居民对噪声问题的态度和评价特点进行了分析:调查对象能清楚地认识到噪声对生活质量的影响,对所处的声环境均持否定的态度,特别是对工作和公共场所的声环境。调查对象认为道路噪声是现在和将来困扰他们的最主要的噪声源,对建筑施工噪声最反感。调查对象更看重私密空间的声质量,噪声的主观评价也随被干扰活动的重要程度不同而不同。
文摘Objective To examine Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control it,two nationwide surveys were undertaken in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities（PAMs） during 1988-92（the 1990 survey） and during 2001-04（the 2003 survey）.Methods During the period 2001-04,two sampling methods were applied.The first method repeated the stratified cluster random sampling used in the 1990 survey;the second method applied two-characteristic stratified cluster random sampling in 27 PAMs—the 2003 endemic area（EA） survey.The Kato-Katz thick smear method was used for the nationwide survey.Results The infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis in the 1990 and 2003 surveys were 0.311% and 0.579%,respectively.The infection rate was 2.40% in the 2003 EA survey,and it was estimated that 12.49 million people in China were infected with Clonorchis sinensis.Conclusion The 2003 survey showed that the standardized infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis increased by 74.85% compared with the 1990 survey.The infection rate in males was higher than in females;the infection rate among people eating raw fish or eating out frequently was higher than among those who did not.
文摘AIM:An investigation into inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001.METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively. The majority of patients were followed up regularly.RESULTS:The population of the province was decreased from 386000 to 376000 during the period. Five hundred sixty new cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 212 of Crohn's disease (CD), and 40 of indeterminate colitis (IC) were diagnosed. The incidence rates increased from 1.66 to 11.01 cases per 100 000 persons for UC, from 0.41 to 4.68 for CD and from 0.26 to 0.74 for IC. The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for UC and 52.9 cases per 100 000 persons for CD. The peak onset age in UC patients was between 30 and 40 years, in CD between 20 and 30 years. A family history of IBD was present in 3.4% in UC and 9.9% in CD patients.Smoking increased the risk for CD (OR=1.94) while it decreased the risk for UC (OR=0.25). Twelve colorectal carcinomas were observed in this cohort, the cumulative colorectal cancer risk after 10 years in UC was 2%, after 20 years 8.8%, after 30 years 13.3%.CONCLUSION:The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD have increased steadily in Veszprem Province, now equivalent to that in Western European countries. Rapid increase in incidence rates supports a probable role for environmental factors. The rate of colorectal cancers in IBD is similar to that observed in Western countries.
基金supported by Macao Polytechnic Institute[grant numbers RP/ESCSD 01/2019].
文摘Objectives: To investigate the adversity quotient (AQ) of Macao undergraduate nursing students and analyse its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-section design was used,and a convenience sample of nursing students(n=158 valid)was selected from a tertiary institute in Macao.In addition to demographic questions,the Chinese versions of the Adversity Quotient Scale,the Emotional Intelligence(EI)Scale,the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Parenting Styles Scale were used to assess the students'characteristics.Results:The average AQ score of the students was 116.72±11.39.AQ scores were negatively correlated with coping-negative,and maternal style(excessive interference,excessive protection)(r=-0.332,P<0.001;r=-0.167,P=0.036).Coping-negative entered the regression equation(F=19.154,P<0.001).The female nursing students had higher scores in ownership dimension of AQ than their male counterparts(31.98±3.26 vs.29.21±3.08,t=-4.442,P<0.001).Conclusions:The average AQ scores of Macao undergraduate nursing students were moderate.The female nursing students are more likely to attribute the cause of adversity to themselves,and specific psychosocial and cultural issues may be at play.There is a necessity for Macao nursing students to improve their ability to overcome setbacks.Special attention should be paid to the cultivation of students'positive coping styles.
