A principle of uniformity of temperature difference field (TDF) in heat exchangers is advanced.It states that the more uniform the temperature difference field,the higher the effectiveness of heat exchanger for a give...A principle of uniformity of temperature difference field (TDF) in heat exchangers is advanced.It states that the more uniform the temperature difference field,the higher the effectiveness of heat exchanger for a given NTU and C,.Analytical and numerical results on the uniformity of TDF and effectiveness of thirteen types of heat exchangers show the validity of the uniformity principle.Its further verification is given by the asymptotical solution of TDF in terms of a recurrence formula of heat transfer area distribution.The analyses of entropy generation caused by heat transfer indicate that the uniformity principle is based on the second law of thermodynamics.Two ways,redistributing heat transfer areas and varying the connection between tubes,are presented for the improvement of the uniformity of TDF and the consequent increase of effectiveness for crossflow heat exchangers.展开更多
We demonstrate an integrated all-fiber mid-infrared(mid-IR)supercontinuum(SC)source generated by a 1.95μm master oscillator power amplifier system and a single-mode ZBLAN(ZrF_4–BaF_2–LaF_3–AlF_3–NaF)fiber.The max...We demonstrate an integrated all-fiber mid-infrared(mid-IR)supercontinuum(SC)source generated by a 1.95μm master oscillator power amplifier system and a single-mode ZBLAN(ZrF_4–BaF_2–LaF_3–AlF_3–NaF)fiber.The maximum average output power is 10.67 W with spectral bandwidth covering from～1.9 to 4.1μm.The single-mode ZBLAN fiber and silica fiber are thermal-spliced to enhance the robustness and practicability of the system.It is,to the best of our knowledge,the first high-power integrated compacted all-fiber mid-IR SC source based on thermal-spliced silica fiber and ZBLAN fiber.展开更多
We report an all-fiberized 30-W supercontinuum(SC) generation in a piece of ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF(ZBLAN) fiber. The pump source is a thulium-doped fiber amplifier(TDFA) with broadband output spectrum spanning the 1....We report an all-fiberized 30-W supercontinuum(SC) generation in a piece of ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF(ZBLAN) fiber. The pump source is a thulium-doped fiber amplifier(TDFA) with broadband output spectrum spanning the 1.9 to 2.6 μm region. The used ZBLAN fiber has a core diameter of 10 μm, and was directly fusion-spliced to the pigtail of the TDFA without using a traditional mode field adapter(MFA) or a piece of transition fiber. Such a low-loss and robust fusion splice joint, together with a robust AlF3-fiber-based endcap,enables efficient and high-power SC generation in the ZBLAN fiber. An SC with an average power up to 30.0 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.35 μm with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.92–3.20 μm was obtained. Moreover, an SC with a broader spectrum was achieved by raising the pump pulse peak power(via reducing the duty ratio of the pump laser pulse). An SC with an output power of 27.4 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.63 μm(with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.92–3.47 μm) was obtained, as well as an SC with output power of 24.8 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.70 μm(with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.93–3.56 μm). The power conversion efficiency was measured as>69%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research demonstrates the record output power of SC lasers based on ZBLAN fibers, paving the way for broadband and efficient multi-tens-of-watts SC generation in softglass fibers.展开更多
Objective: Although a new matrix formulation fentanyl has been used throughout the world for cancer pain management, few data about its efficacy and clinical outcomes associated with its use in Chinese patients have b...Objective: Although a new matrix formulation fentanyl has been used throughout the world for cancer pain management, few data about its efficacy and clinical outcomes associated with its use in Chinese patients have been obtained. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the new system in Chinese patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods: A total of 474 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were enrolled in this study and were treated with the new transdermal fentanyl matrix patch (TDF) up to 2 weeks. All the patients were asked to record pain intensity, side effects, quality of life (QOL), adherence and global satisfaction. The initial dose of fentanyl was 25 ?g/h titrated with opioid or according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Transdermal fentanyl was changed every three days. Results: After 2 weeks. The mean pain intensity of the 459 evaluated patients decreased significantly from 5.63?1.26 to 2.03?1.46 (P<0.0001). The total remission rate was 91.29%, of which moderate remission rate 53.16%, obvious remission rate 25.49% and complete remission rate 12.64%. The rate of adverse events was 33.75%, 18.78% of which were moderate and 3.80% were severe. The most frequent adverse events were constipation and nausea. No fatal events were observed. The quality of life was remarkably improved after the treatment (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The new TDF is effective and safe in treating patients with moderate to severe cancer pain, and can significantly improve the quality of life.展开更多
目的:探究艾滋病(AIDS)患者使用高效抗反转录病毒疗法(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后的安全性及其疗效。方法:选择2011年5月至2014年5月在我院进行免费HAART治疗的27例HIV-1晚期患者,即用替诺福韦+拉米夫定+依非韦伦...目的:探究艾滋病(AIDS)患者使用高效抗反转录病毒疗法(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后的安全性及其疗效。方法:选择2011年5月至2014年5月在我院进行免费HAART治疗的27例HIV-1晚期患者,即用替诺福韦+拉米夫定+依非韦伦的药物治疗,疗程为1~2年,平均18个月。其后进行了6个月到2年的随访,定期监测HIV-RNA病毒载量、CTL(HIV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞)应答、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、常规生化指标和临床观察指标等。结果:27例患者临床症状均明显改善,70.4%(19/27)的患者HIV-RNA病毒载量<50拷贝/m L,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数平均为276±129个/μL,CTL在每个蛋白区均有较高应答频率和相关效应。常规生化指标和临床观察指标基本恢复正常。结论:HAART有较好的抗病毒疗效,免疫重建效果也很好,可以大大降低艾滋病的机会感染和死亡率,提高病人的生活质量。展开更多
本研究采用cDNA-AFLP技术建立了水稻与稻瘟病菌互作的基因表达图谱,对差异表达基因功能进行分析。利用64对引物进行筛选,共获得了960个转录衍生片段(transcript-derived fragment TDF)。回收测序200条片段,获得134条可读序列,通过BLAST...本研究采用cDNA-AFLP技术建立了水稻与稻瘟病菌互作的基因表达图谱,对差异表达基因功能进行分析。利用64对引物进行筛选,共获得了960个转录衍生片段(transcript-derived fragment TDF)。回收测序200条片段,获得134条可读序列,通过BLAST比对分析,得到74个不重复的差异TDFs。对74个TDFs对应的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上表达变化情况进行统计,接种稻瘟病菌后基因诱导表达上调多余下调表达,早期上调表达基因有6个,晚期上调表达基因有11个,其他形式上调表达基因32个,各种下调表达基因25个。展开更多
目的:对骨科大手术后病人延续护理需求的质性研究进行系统评价和整合,全面了解病人及主要照护者、医务人员的延续护理需求。方法:检索the Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献...目的:对骨科大手术后病人延续护理需求的质性研究进行系统评价和整合,全面了解病人及主要照护者、医务人员的延续护理需求。方法:检索the Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库关于骨科大手术后病人延续护理需求的质性研究,检索年限为建立数据库至2022年6月30日。采用JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价工具对符合要求的文献进行评价质量,采用理论域框架对提取的结果进行整合。结果:共纳入14篇文献,提炼出51个研究结果。结合理论域框架理论,将需求主题分别映射为知识、技能、结果的期望、情绪调节和环境因素5个关键领域。结论:骨科大手术后病人及主要照护者、医务人员对延续护理具有不同的需求,医护人员可在知识、技能、对结果的期望、情绪调节和环境因素5个关键领域主要需求内涵的基础上,制订有针对性的干预策略,以满足骨科大手术病人的延续护理需求并提高病人自我管理能力。展开更多
In this paper, the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber （TDF） laser is investigated. The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold, peak power extraction effi...In this paper, the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber （TDF） laser is investigated. The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold, peak power extraction efficiency, and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse. They are useful for understanding, designing, and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region. The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted, and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A principle of uniformity of temperature difference field (TDF) in heat exchangers is advanced.It states that the more uniform the temperature difference field,the higher the effectiveness of heat exchanger for a given NTU and C,.Analytical and numerical results on the uniformity of TDF and effectiveness of thirteen types of heat exchangers show the validity of the uniformity principle.Its further verification is given by the asymptotical solution of TDF in terms of a recurrence formula of heat transfer area distribution.The analyses of entropy generation caused by heat transfer indicate that the uniformity principle is based on the second law of thermodynamics.Two ways,redistributing heat transfer areas and varying the connection between tubes,are presented for the improvement of the uniformity of TDF and the consequent increase of effectiveness for crossflow heat exchangers.
基金National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(2015AA021102)Innovative Research and Development Project of Nanshan District(KC2013JSCX0013A)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M572353,2015M582407)Natural Science Foundation of SZU(201457)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61275144,61308049)Science and Technology Projects of Shenzhen City(JCYJ20130329103213543,JCYJ20140418091413568,JCYJ20150324140036862)
文摘We demonstrate an integrated all-fiber mid-infrared(mid-IR)supercontinuum(SC)source generated by a 1.95μm master oscillator power amplifier system and a single-mode ZBLAN(ZrF_4–BaF_2–LaF_3–AlF_3–NaF)fiber.The maximum average output power is 10.67 W with spectral bandwidth covering from～1.9 to 4.1μm.The single-mode ZBLAN fiber and silica fiber are thermal-spliced to enhance the robustness and practicability of the system.It is,to the best of our knowledge,the first high-power integrated compacted all-fiber mid-IR SC source based on thermal-spliced silica fiber and ZBLAN fiber.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61235008,61405254,61435009)
文摘We report an all-fiberized 30-W supercontinuum(SC) generation in a piece of ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF(ZBLAN) fiber. The pump source is a thulium-doped fiber amplifier(TDFA) with broadband output spectrum spanning the 1.9 to 2.6 μm region. The used ZBLAN fiber has a core diameter of 10 μm, and was directly fusion-spliced to the pigtail of the TDFA without using a traditional mode field adapter(MFA) or a piece of transition fiber. Such a low-loss and robust fusion splice joint, together with a robust AlF3-fiber-based endcap,enables efficient and high-power SC generation in the ZBLAN fiber. An SC with an average power up to 30.0 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.35 μm with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.92–3.20 μm was obtained. Moreover, an SC with a broader spectrum was achieved by raising the pump pulse peak power(via reducing the duty ratio of the pump laser pulse). An SC with an output power of 27.4 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.63 μm(with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.92–3.47 μm) was obtained, as well as an SC with output power of 24.8 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.70 μm(with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.93–3.56 μm). The power conversion efficiency was measured as>69%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research demonstrates the record output power of SC lasers based on ZBLAN fibers, paving the way for broadband and efficient multi-tens-of-watts SC generation in softglass fibers.
文摘Objective: Although a new matrix formulation fentanyl has been used throughout the world for cancer pain management, few data about its efficacy and clinical outcomes associated with its use in Chinese patients have been obtained. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the new system in Chinese patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods: A total of 474 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were enrolled in this study and were treated with the new transdermal fentanyl matrix patch (TDF) up to 2 weeks. All the patients were asked to record pain intensity, side effects, quality of life (QOL), adherence and global satisfaction. The initial dose of fentanyl was 25 ?g/h titrated with opioid or according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Transdermal fentanyl was changed every three days. Results: After 2 weeks. The mean pain intensity of the 459 evaluated patients decreased significantly from 5.63?1.26 to 2.03?1.46 (P<0.0001). The total remission rate was 91.29%, of which moderate remission rate 53.16%, obvious remission rate 25.49% and complete remission rate 12.64%. The rate of adverse events was 33.75%, 18.78% of which were moderate and 3.80% were severe. The most frequent adverse events were constipation and nausea. No fatal events were observed. The quality of life was remarkably improved after the treatment (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The new TDF is effective and safe in treating patients with moderate to severe cancer pain, and can significantly improve the quality of life.
文摘目的:探究艾滋病(AIDS)患者使用高效抗反转录病毒疗法(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)后的安全性及其疗效。方法:选择2011年5月至2014年5月在我院进行免费HAART治疗的27例HIV-1晚期患者,即用替诺福韦+拉米夫定+依非韦伦的药物治疗,疗程为1~2年,平均18个月。其后进行了6个月到2年的随访,定期监测HIV-RNA病毒载量、CTL(HIV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞)应答、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、常规生化指标和临床观察指标等。结果:27例患者临床症状均明显改善,70.4%(19/27)的患者HIV-RNA病毒载量<50拷贝/m L,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数平均为276±129个/μL,CTL在每个蛋白区均有较高应答频率和相关效应。常规生化指标和临床观察指标基本恢复正常。结论:HAART有较好的抗病毒疗效,免疫重建效果也很好,可以大大降低艾滋病的机会感染和死亡率,提高病人的生活质量。
文摘本研究采用cDNA-AFLP技术建立了水稻与稻瘟病菌互作的基因表达图谱,对差异表达基因功能进行分析。利用64对引物进行筛选,共获得了960个转录衍生片段(transcript-derived fragment TDF)。回收测序200条片段,获得134条可读序列,通过BLAST比对分析,得到74个不重复的差异TDFs。对74个TDFs对应的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上表达变化情况进行统计,接种稻瘟病菌后基因诱导表达上调多余下调表达,早期上调表达基因有6个,晚期上调表达基因有11个,其他形式上调表达基因32个,各种下调表达基因25个。
文摘目的:对骨科大手术后病人延续护理需求的质性研究进行系统评价和整合,全面了解病人及主要照护者、医务人员的延续护理需求。方法:检索the Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库关于骨科大手术后病人延续护理需求的质性研究,检索年限为建立数据库至2022年6月30日。采用JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价工具对符合要求的文献进行评价质量,采用理论域框架对提取的结果进行整合。结果:共纳入14篇文献,提炼出51个研究结果。结合理论域框架理论,将需求主题分别映射为知识、技能、结果的期望、情绪调节和环境因素5个关键领域。结论:骨科大手术后病人及主要照护者、医务人员对延续护理具有不同的需求,医护人员可在知识、技能、对结果的期望、情绪调节和环境因素5个关键领域主要需求内涵的基础上,制订有针对性的干预策略,以满足骨科大手术病人的延续护理需求并提高病人自我管理能力。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60878011 and 61078008)the Program for New Century ExcellentTalents in University,China (Grant No. NCET-10-0067)
文摘In this paper, the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber （TDF） laser is investigated. The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold, peak power extraction efficiency, and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse. They are useful for understanding, designing, and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region. The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted, and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.
