In this paper, we propose a dynamic mastering process model for signal waveform modulation （SWM） optical disc. To form the ideal microstructures and solve the problems in the SWM master manufacturing process, we use...In this paper, we propose a dynamic mastering process model for signal waveform modulation （SWM） optical disc. To form the ideal microstructures and solve the problems in the SWM master manufacturing process, we use this model to simulate the three-dimensional mark profiles in the SWM read-only disc. The simulated micro-patterns of recording pits and lands are employed to optimize the writing strategy and provide a quantitative basis for manufacturing the sub-pits and sub-lands. The simulation mark profiles are compared with the experimental ones, which are produced with the optimized writing strategy parameters. Comparison results demonstrate that the simulated profiles are highly consistent with the actual ones.展开更多
This paper presents the practice of stormwater management in Hong Kong. It gives an overview of the current situation as regards to the organization, policies and strategies, the technologies adopted, and the economi...This paper presents the practice of stormwater management in Hong Kong. It gives an overview of the current situation as regards to the organization, policies and strategies, the technologies adopted, and the economics and financing aspects relevant to implementation of the management practices. The influencing factors and trends in future development of stormwater management are also discussed.展开更多
Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this ...Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for implementation. Scenario 1 was to consider waste disposal into a sanitary landfill. Scenario 2 added waste transportation to transfer station before disposal to a sanitary landfill. Scenario 3 considered waste sorting, recycling and composting followed by landfill disposal in an integrated treatment disposal facility. The current open dumping practice was considered as the baseline scenario. According to economic analysis, the benefits from the revenues of selling the produced recyclables and compost did not improve the ranking of scenario 3. However, scenario 3 has gained positive recognition due to the environmental benefits of waste recycling. Therefore, final recommendations were in favour of scenario 3, which has been approved by the UNICEF, as well. Currently the recommended scenario is under implementation in Basrah, Iraq.展开更多
The waste management challenge in university campuses includes food and food packaging materials. Being foremost affected by the food-related waste stream, 92 employees from food establishments located inside the Univ...The waste management challenge in university campuses includes food and food packaging materials. Being foremost affected by the food-related waste stream, 92 employees from food establishments located inside the University of the Philippines were provided expert-validated survey questionnaire to identify their perception on environment and pollution as well as describe their awareness on environmental education and environmental ethics concepts. Thirty-nine （42.4%） related the concept of environment mainly to trees, plants, animals, and the physical environment such as rivers. Only twenty-six （28.3%） expressed an attitude of concern on the current state of the environment. Six （6.5%） conveyed negative human behavior as the reason why the environment is in a dismal state and the same percentage （6.5%） showed concern for the environment mainly because humans benefit from it. Fifteen （16.3%） opted not to share their opinion. For perception on pollution, thirty-six （39.1%） linked the concept to the presence of land, air, or water pollution and twenty-three （25%） associated the pollution to negative effects on human health and on the environment. Twelve （13%） mentioned concern over the presence of pollution and twenty-one （22.8%） did not share their opinion on pollution. Awareness on environmental ethics concepts was identified using 15-item Likert Scale Questionnaire. Areas in environmental concepts where participants most strongly agreed include ＂value of life,＂ diversity and intrinsic value, cooperation, common good, and social responsibility. Results of this survey will be integrated into the discourse on the proposed policy of the University of the Philippines to segregate waste at-source. The said policy seeks to ensure that： （1） only food waste from concessionaires will be deposited directly to the compost site; （2） recyclables are to be sold; and （3） only residuals such as non-biodegradables and non-recyclables are to be sent to the dumpsite.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60977005 and 60677036)
文摘In this paper, we propose a dynamic mastering process model for signal waveform modulation （SWM） optical disc. To form the ideal microstructures and solve the problems in the SWM master manufacturing process, we use this model to simulate the three-dimensional mark profiles in the SWM read-only disc. The simulated micro-patterns of recording pits and lands are employed to optimize the writing strategy and provide a quantitative basis for manufacturing the sub-pits and sub-lands. The simulation mark profiles are compared with the experimental ones, which are produced with the optimized writing strategy parameters. Comparison results demonstrate that the simulated profiles are highly consistent with the actual ones.
文摘This paper presents the practice of stormwater management in Hong Kong. It gives an overview of the current situation as regards to the organization, policies and strategies, the technologies adopted, and the economics and financing aspects relevant to implementation of the management practices. The influencing factors and trends in future development of stormwater management are also discussed.
文摘Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for implementation. Scenario 1 was to consider waste disposal into a sanitary landfill. Scenario 2 added waste transportation to transfer station before disposal to a sanitary landfill. Scenario 3 considered waste sorting, recycling and composting followed by landfill disposal in an integrated treatment disposal facility. The current open dumping practice was considered as the baseline scenario. According to economic analysis, the benefits from the revenues of selling the produced recyclables and compost did not improve the ranking of scenario 3. However, scenario 3 has gained positive recognition due to the environmental benefits of waste recycling. Therefore, final recommendations were in favour of scenario 3, which has been approved by the UNICEF, as well. Currently the recommended scenario is under implementation in Basrah, Iraq.
文摘The waste management challenge in university campuses includes food and food packaging materials. Being foremost affected by the food-related waste stream, 92 employees from food establishments located inside the University of the Philippines were provided expert-validated survey questionnaire to identify their perception on environment and pollution as well as describe their awareness on environmental education and environmental ethics concepts. Thirty-nine （42.4%） related the concept of environment mainly to trees, plants, animals, and the physical environment such as rivers. Only twenty-six （28.3%） expressed an attitude of concern on the current state of the environment. Six （6.5%） conveyed negative human behavior as the reason why the environment is in a dismal state and the same percentage （6.5%） showed concern for the environment mainly because humans benefit from it. Fifteen （16.3%） opted not to share their opinion. For perception on pollution, thirty-six （39.1%） linked the concept to the presence of land, air, or water pollution and twenty-three （25%） associated the pollution to negative effects on human health and on the environment. Twelve （13%） mentioned concern over the presence of pollution and twenty-one （22.8%） did not share their opinion on pollution. Awareness on environmental ethics concepts was identified using 15-item Likert Scale Questionnaire. Areas in environmental concepts where participants most strongly agreed include ＂value of life,＂ diversity and intrinsic value, cooperation, common good, and social responsibility. Results of this survey will be integrated into the discourse on the proposed policy of the University of the Philippines to segregate waste at-source. The said policy seeks to ensure that： （1） only food waste from concessionaires will be deposited directly to the compost site; （2） recyclables are to be sold; and （3） only residuals such as non-biodegradables and non-recyclables are to be sent to the dumpsite.
