We have carried out observations of 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 to- ward the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 20188＋3928. Compared with previ- ous observations, the 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 lines both have asymme...We have carried out observations of 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 to- ward the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 20188＋3928. Compared with previ- ous observations, the 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 lines both have asymmetric pro- files with an absorption dip. The velocity of the absorption dip is ~ 1.0 km s-1. The spectral shape may be caused by rotation. The velocity-integrated intensity map and position-velocity diagram of the 12CO J=2-1 line present an obvious bipolar com- ponent, further verifying that this region has an outflow motion. This region is also associated with an HII region, an IRAS source, and an H20 maser. The H20 maser has the velocity of 1.1 km s-1. Compared with the components of the outflow, we find that the H20 maser is not associated with the outflow. Using the large velocity gradi- ent model, we concluded that possible averaged gas densities of the blueshifted lobe and redshifted lobe are 1.0x 105 cm-3 and 2.0x 104 cm-a, while kinetic temperatures are 26.9 K and 52.9 K, respectively. Additionally, the outflow has a higher integrated intensity ratio （Ico J=3 - 2/Ico J=2 - 1）.展开更多
Based on observations of 12CO (J=2–1), we select targets from archived Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) data of IRAS 02459+6029 and IRAS 22528+5936 as samples of cloud-cloud collision, according to the criteria...Based on observations of 12CO (J=2–1), we select targets from archived Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) data of IRAS 02459+6029 and IRAS 22528+5936 as samples of cloud-cloud collision, according to the criteria given by Vallee. Then we use the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) A band (8.28 μm) images and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (1.4 GHz) continuum images to investigate the association between molecular clouds traced by the CO contour maps. The distribution of dust and ionized hydrogen shows an obvious association with the CO contour maps toward IRAS 02459+6029. However, in the possible collision region of IRAS 22528+5936, NVSS continuum radiation is not detected and the MSX sources are merely associated with the central star. The velocity fields of the two regions indicate the direction of the pressure and interaction. In addition, we have identified candidates of young stellar objects (YSOs) by using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) in JHK bands expressed in a color-color diagram. The distribution of YSOs shows that the possible collision region is denser than other regions. All the evidence suggests that IRAS 02459+6029 could be an example of cloud-cloud collision, and that IRAS 22528+5936 could be two separate non-colliding clouds.展开更多
CO oxidation was investigated on various powder oxide supported Pd catalysts by temperature-programined reaction. The pre-reduced catalysts show significantly higher activities than the pre-oxidized ones. Model studie...CO oxidation was investigated on various powder oxide supported Pd catalysts by temperature-programined reaction. The pre-reduced catalysts show significantly higher activities than the pre-oxidized ones. Model studies were performed to better understand the oxidation state, reactivities and stabilities of partially oxidized Pd surfaces under CO oxidation reaction condi tions using an in situ infrared reflection absorption spectrometer （IRAS）. Three O/Pd（100） model surfaces, chemisorbed oxygen covered surface, surface oxide and bulk-like surface oxide, were prepared and characterized by low-energy electron diffraction （LEED） and Auger electron spectroscopy （AES）. The present work demonstrates that the oxidized palladium surface is less active for CO oxidation than the metallic surface, and is unstable under the reaction conditions with sufficient CO.展开更多
提出一种快速的局域线性回归(Fast Locally Linear Regression,FLLR)算法,用于从搭载在风云三号B星(FY-3B)上的红外大气探测仪(IRAS)红外观测数据反演大气温湿廓线。算法所需的观测样本为IRAS/FY-3BL1数据红外观测值与AIRX2RET V5产品...提出一种快速的局域线性回归(Fast Locally Linear Regression,FLLR)算法,用于从搭载在风云三号B星(FY-3B)上的红外大气探测仪(IRAS)红外观测数据反演大气温湿廓线。算法所需的观测样本为IRAS/FY-3BL1数据红外观测值与AIRX2RET V5产品的时空匹配数据,以2011年为例,在180°W^180°E、60°N^60°S的研究区域内按照观测时间绝对差小于15min和观测角度绝对差小于2°的条件获取观测样本,并对样本进行了评价。在匹配观测样本的基础上比较分析了FLLR算法与LLR算法、D矩阵算法和非线性的神经网络算法,然后采用FLLR算法从IRAS/FY-3BL1数据反演得到2011年全年的大气温湿廓线,并外推反演得到2012年第1季度的大气温湿廓线。最后,利用相应的ECMWF再分析数据和RAOB探空观测对2011年的反演结果进行了精度验证,采用AIRX2RET V5产品对2012年第1季度的外推反演结果进行了验证。结果显示:与D矩阵算法相比,FLLR算法反演大气温度和湿度廓线的均方根误差分别减小~0.8K和~0.5g/kg,其精度与非线性的神经网络算法相当;相对于ECMWF再分析数据,本文大气温度和湿度廓线反演结果的均方根误差分别小于2.5K和2.3g/kg;而相对于RAOB数据,其均方根误差分别小于3.5K和2.0g/kg;2012年第一季度外推反演结果的均方根误差分别小于2.5K和1.6g/kg,与算法精度基本一致。IRAS/FY-3B大气温湿廓线的反演精度与MOD07V5大气廓线产品相当。展开更多
We present a multi-line study of the massive star-forming region IRAS 22506＋5944. A new 6.7 GHz methanol maser was detected. ^12CO, 13CO, C180 and HCO＋ J = 1 - 0 transition observations reveal a star-formation compl...We present a multi-line study of the massive star-forming region IRAS 22506＋5944. A new 6.7 GHz methanol maser was detected. ^12CO, 13CO, C180 and HCO＋ J = 1 - 0 transition observations reveal a star-formation complex consisting mainly of two cores. The dominant core has a mass of more than 200 Mo, while the other one is only about 35 340. Both cores are obviously at different evolutionary stages. A 12CO energetic bipolar outflow was detected with an outflow mass of about 15 Mo.展开更多
Fractal dimensions of the volume--limited subsamples with various infrared luminositiessorted out from samples given by the IRAS galaxy redshift surveys in fields F15 and NGWhave been calculated. Results show that str...Fractal dimensions of the volume--limited subsamples with various infrared luminositiessorted out from samples given by the IRAS galaxy redshift surveys in fields F15 and NGWhave been calculated. Results show that structures with scales larger than about 60 h_(50)^(-1)Mpcexist in the large--scale distribution of infrared galaxies; distribution of IRAS galaxies hasmulti--level fractal structure. That is, the distribution has fractal structure with definitefractal dimension D only in certain scale range, and as the scale increases to certain turningscale r_c,the distribution transits to another fractal structure with different D. TLe fractaldimensions on levels with larger scales are generally larger than that on the levels withsmallerscales. It consists with the observational feature of the large-scale distribution of galaxies,i.e. clustering of galaxies is the dominate character on rather small scales, but on largerscales it becomes distribution with voids.展开更多
Near-infrared images and K-band spectroscopy of the massive star-formingregion IRAS 23151+5912 are presented. The JHK′ images reveal an embedded infrared clusterassociated with infrared nebula, and the H_2 (2.12 μm)...Near-infrared images and K-band spectroscopy of the massive star-formingregion IRAS 23151+5912 are presented. The JHK′ images reveal an embedded infrared clusterassociated with infrared nebula, and the H_2 (2.12 μm) narrowband image provides for the first timeevidence of outflow activity associated with the cluster. That the cluster is young can be shown bythe high percentage of infrared excess sources and the outflow activity. We suggest an age of thecluster of ～ 10~6 yr. Eight young stars are found in the bright nebular core around IRAS23151+5912. By the color-magnitude diagrams of the cluster, we found five high-mass YSOs and fourintermediate-mass YSOs in the cluster. Eight H_2 emission features are discovered in the region witha scattered and non-axisymmetric distribution, indicating the existence of multiple outflows drivenby the cluster. Diffuse H_2 emission detected to the north and to the west of the cluster mayresult from UV leakage of the cluster. Brγ, H_2, and CIV emission lines are found in the K-bandspectrum of the brightest source, NIRS 19, indicating the presence of envelope, stellar wind, andshock in the circumstellar environment. We have estimated an O7-O9 spectral type for the centralmassive YSO (20 ～ 30 solar mass), with an age of less than 1 x 10~6 yr.展开更多
We present a stellar population synthesis study of a type II luminous infrared galaxy, IRAS F21013-0739. Optical images show clear characteristics of a merger remnant. The H-band absolute magnitude is MH = -25.1, whic...We present a stellar population synthesis study of a type II luminous infrared galaxy, IRAS F21013-0739. Optical images show clear characteristics of a merger remnant. The H-band absolute magnitude is MH = -25.1, which is -2 times as luminous as L＊ galaxies. Stellar populations are obtained through the stellar synthesis code STARLIGHT. We find that it experienced a recent starburst （SB） phase - 100 Myr ago. By reconstructing the ultraviolet-to-optical spectrum, and adopting Calzetti et al. and Leitherer et al.＇s extinction curves, we estimate the past infrared （IR） luminosities of the host galaxy and find it may have experienced an ultraluminous infrared galaxy phase which lasted for about 100 Myr. Its i-band absolute magnitude is Mi = -22.463, and its spectral type shows type 2 active galactic nucleus （AGN） characteristics. The mass of the supermassive black-hole is estimated to be MBH = 1.6 × 107 M⊙ （lower- limit）. The Eddington ratio Lbol/LEdd is 0.15, which is typical of Palomar-Green （PG） quasars. Both the nuclear SB and AGN contribute to the present IR luminosity budget, and the SB contributes -67%. On the diagram of IR color versus IR/opfical excess, it is located between IR quasars and PG quasars. These results indicate that IRAS F21013-0739 has probably evolved from a ULIRG, and it can possibly evolve into an AGN.展开更多
Using the 13.7m radio telescope at Delingha, the millimeter-wave radioobservatory of Purple Mountain Observatory, we made mapping observations in ^(12)CO J = 1 - 0 linetowards IRAS 05417+0907, located in the bright-ri...Using the 13.7m radio telescope at Delingha, the millimeter-wave radioobservatory of Purple Mountain Observatory, we made mapping observations in ^(12)CO J = 1 - 0 linetowards IRAS 05417+0907, located in the bright-rimmed cloud (BRC) BRC18. We used a 7 x 7 grid with1' spacing, a finer and larger grid than the one used by Myers et al. Our results show that there isa bipolar outflow near IRAS 05417+0907. Combining with the observations at other wave bands, wefind that the star formation process in this region is triggered by radiation-driven implosion. Thesignificant difference between the masses of BRC18 and the cores and the relatively large ratio ofassociated source bolometric luminosity to the mass show that the star formation in BRC18 may betaking place in a sequence.展开更多
基金supported by the 2011 Ministry of Education doctoral academic prizesupported by the young researcher grant of National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We have carried out observations of 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 to- ward the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 20188＋3928. Compared with previ- ous observations, the 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 lines both have asymmetric pro- files with an absorption dip. The velocity of the absorption dip is ~ 1.0 km s-1. The spectral shape may be caused by rotation. The velocity-integrated intensity map and position-velocity diagram of the 12CO J=2-1 line present an obvious bipolar com- ponent, further verifying that this region has an outflow motion. This region is also associated with an HII region, an IRAS source, and an H20 maser. The H20 maser has the velocity of 1.1 km s-1. Compared with the components of the outflow, we find that the H20 maser is not associated with the outflow. Using the large velocity gradi- ent model, we concluded that possible averaged gas densities of the blueshifted lobe and redshifted lobe are 1.0x 105 cm-3 and 2.0x 104 cm-a, while kinetic temperatures are 26.9 K and 52.9 K, respectively. Additionally, the outflow has a higher integrated intensity ratio （Ico J=3 - 2/Ico J=2 - 1）.
文摘Based on observations of 12CO (J=2–1), we select targets from archived Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) data of IRAS 02459+6029 and IRAS 22528+5936 as samples of cloud-cloud collision, according to the criteria given by Vallee. Then we use the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) A band (8.28 μm) images and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (1.4 GHz) continuum images to investigate the association between molecular clouds traced by the CO contour maps. The distribution of dust and ionized hydrogen shows an obvious association with the CO contour maps toward IRAS 02459+6029. However, in the possible collision region of IRAS 22528+5936, NVSS continuum radiation is not detected and the MSX sources are merely associated with the central star. The velocity fields of the two regions indicate the direction of the pressure and interaction. In addition, we have identified candidates of young stellar objects (YSOs) by using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) in JHK bands expressed in a color-color diagram. The distribution of YSOs shows that the possible collision region is denser than other regions. All the evidence suggests that IRAS 02459+6029 could be an example of cloud-cloud collision, and that IRAS 22528+5936 could be two separate non-colliding clouds.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB732303,2013CB933102)the Major Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(309019)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21033006,21073149,21273178)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT1036)the Ph.D Programs foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education(20110121110010)
文摘CO oxidation was investigated on various powder oxide supported Pd catalysts by temperature-programined reaction. The pre-reduced catalysts show significantly higher activities than the pre-oxidized ones. Model studies were performed to better understand the oxidation state, reactivities and stabilities of partially oxidized Pd surfaces under CO oxidation reaction condi tions using an in situ infrared reflection absorption spectrometer （IRAS）. Three O/Pd（100） model surfaces, chemisorbed oxygen covered surface, surface oxide and bulk-like surface oxide, were prepared and characterized by low-energy electron diffraction （LEED） and Auger electron spectroscopy （AES）. The present work demonstrates that the oxidized palladium surface is less active for CO oxidation than the metallic surface, and is unstable under the reaction conditions with sufficient CO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10673024,10733030,10703010 and 10621303)the National Basic Research Program of China-973 Program(2007CB815403)
文摘We present a multi-line study of the massive star-forming region IRAS 22506＋5944. A new 6.7 GHz methanol maser was detected. ^12CO, 13CO, C180 and HCO＋ J = 1 - 0 transition observations reveal a star-formation complex consisting mainly of two cores. The dominant core has a mass of more than 200 Mo, while the other one is only about 35 340. Both cores are obviously at different evolutionary stages. A 12CO energetic bipolar outflow was detected with an outflow mass of about 15 Mo.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Fractal dimensions of the volume--limited subsamples with various infrared luminositiessorted out from samples given by the IRAS galaxy redshift surveys in fields F15 and NGWhave been calculated. Results show that structures with scales larger than about 60 h_(50)^(-1)Mpcexist in the large--scale distribution of infrared galaxies; distribution of IRAS galaxies hasmulti--level fractal structure. That is, the distribution has fractal structure with definitefractal dimension D only in certain scale range, and as the scale increases to certain turningscale r_c,the distribution transits to another fractal structure with different D. TLe fractaldimensions on levels with larger scales are generally larger than that on the levels withsmallerscales. It consists with the observational feature of the large-scale distribution of galaxies,i.e. clustering of galaxies is the dominate character on rather small scales, but on largerscales it becomes distribution with voids.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Near-infrared images and K-band spectroscopy of the massive star-formingregion IRAS 23151+5912 are presented. The JHK′ images reveal an embedded infrared clusterassociated with infrared nebula, and the H_2 (2.12 μm) narrowband image provides for the first timeevidence of outflow activity associated with the cluster. That the cluster is young can be shown bythe high percentage of infrared excess sources and the outflow activity. We suggest an age of thecluster of ～ 10~6 yr. Eight young stars are found in the bright nebular core around IRAS23151+5912. By the color-magnitude diagrams of the cluster, we found five high-mass YSOs and fourintermediate-mass YSOs in the cluster. Eight H_2 emission features are discovered in the region witha scattered and non-axisymmetric distribution, indicating the existence of multiple outflows drivenby the cluster. Diffuse H_2 emission detected to the north and to the west of the cluster mayresult from UV leakage of the cluster. Brγ, H_2, and CIV emission lines are found in the K-bandspectrum of the brightest source, NIRS 19, indicating the presence of envelope, stellar wind, andshock in the circumstellar environment. We have estimated an O7-O9 spectral type for the centralmassive YSO (20 ～ 30 solar mass), with an age of less than 1 x 10~6 yr.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10833006, 10773014, and 10978014)the Ministry of Science and Technology National Basic Science program (973 Program, Grant No. 2007CB815406)
文摘We present a stellar population synthesis study of a type II luminous infrared galaxy, IRAS F21013-0739. Optical images show clear characteristics of a merger remnant. The H-band absolute magnitude is MH = -25.1, which is -2 times as luminous as L＊ galaxies. Stellar populations are obtained through the stellar synthesis code STARLIGHT. We find that it experienced a recent starburst （SB） phase - 100 Myr ago. By reconstructing the ultraviolet-to-optical spectrum, and adopting Calzetti et al. and Leitherer et al.＇s extinction curves, we estimate the past infrared （IR） luminosities of the host galaxy and find it may have experienced an ultraluminous infrared galaxy phase which lasted for about 100 Myr. Its i-band absolute magnitude is Mi = -22.463, and its spectral type shows type 2 active galactic nucleus （AGN） characteristics. The mass of the supermassive black-hole is estimated to be MBH = 1.6 × 107 M⊙ （lower- limit）. The Eddington ratio Lbol/LEdd is 0.15, which is typical of Palomar-Green （PG） quasars. Both the nuclear SB and AGN contribute to the present IR luminosity budget, and the SB contributes -67%. On the diagram of IR color versus IR/opfical excess, it is located between IR quasars and PG quasars. These results indicate that IRAS F21013-0739 has probably evolved from a ULIRG, and it can possibly evolve into an AGN.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. This project was supported by G1999075405 of NKBRSF, 10128306 10133020 of NSFC.
文摘Using the 13.7m radio telescope at Delingha, the millimeter-wave radioobservatory of Purple Mountain Observatory, we made mapping observations in ^(12)CO J = 1 - 0 linetowards IRAS 05417+0907, located in the bright-rimmed cloud (BRC) BRC18. We used a 7 x 7 grid with1' spacing, a finer and larger grid than the one used by Myers et al. Our results show that there isa bipolar outflow near IRAS 05417+0907. Combining with the observations at other wave bands, wefind that the star formation process in this region is triggered by radiation-driven implosion. Thesignificant difference between the masses of BRC18 and the cores and the relatively large ratio ofassociated source bolometric luminosity to the mass show that the star formation in BRC18 may betaking place in a sequence.
