The “New Unemployed” consists of young people with low education in the Chinese cities. They differ from the cohorts of their parents because they have no work experiences in any state- or collective-owned enterpris...The “New Unemployed” consists of young people with low education in the Chinese cities. They differ from the cohorts of their parents because they have no work experiences in any state- or collective-owned enterprise, and are subject to completely different policies designated by the government. Investigations of their daily living lead to the conclusion that the “New Unemployed” has gone through a “system withdrawal” process. They are now facing an environment of “system vacuum” that none of other unemployed groups has ever encountered before. The author emphasizes in the paper a strategic employment principle of “For Future Generations” so that focused attention and care can be provided and this toughest challenge in China can be dealt with.展开更多
The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among t...The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among the earliest scholars who discussed that topic. For a quite long period of time, the debate was mainly focused on the characteristics of the “new middle class.” The middle class, however, has undergone a categorical transformation from the old to the new middle-class, and furthermore, this transformation itself has signified the transition in social patterns from industrial to post-industrial society as well as economic globalization, both of which have contributed to the growth and global expansion of the middle class, having thus fundamentally renovated the middle class.展开更多
CHATGPT,one of the leading Large Language Models(LLMs),has acquired linguistic capabilities such as text comprehension and logical reasoning,enabling it to engage in natural conversations with humans.
INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recent...INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recently rapid progress in studieson expression of ICAM-1 in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) have beenachieved, including clinical and experimentalresearches[23-31].展开更多
The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. Th...The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. The two rooms in the middle each have two doors on the northern and southern sides respectively；while the two end rooms have only southern doors. So the No. 1 palace must have been in the center of the whole building complex. The roof supported by peripheral columns and wooden-framed walls can be reconstructed to be hipped and single- or double- eaved. The hypothesis that the No. 1 palace may have had projecting-eaves columns has not been confirmed. The No. 2 palace is an open hall without peripheral walls and room division； its roof is supported by peripheral columns only. The idea of reconstructing it as a building with pilasters and multiple rooms seems to lack archaeological evidence. The remaining vestiges show that there were side corridors in the two flanks of the main hall of the No. 2 palace. Referring to the Shang period palace material unearthed from the Shang city-site at Yanshi and other localities, it can be inferred that either of the Nos. 1 and 2 palaces must have had an eastern corridor and a western one, and, in addition, the No. 2 palace must have had a southern corridor with a gate house. The Nos. 1--3 palaces of the Panlongcheng site formed three compounds located one behind another, and belonged to the type of court-and-living building complex. Among them the No. 2 palace was the outer court for holding great ceremonies, the No. 1 palace was the inner court for handling daily administrative affairs, and the No. 3 palace was the king and queen's living place. To the southeast of the No. 2 palace remains a group of rammed-earth house-foundations, which must have been left over from another type of palace building, possibly an ancestral temple. The remaining city-walls at Panlongcheng must have belonged to the peripheral city-walls. The palace area is in the northeast of the encl展开更多
The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of China;it is the longest as-build marine crossings made of island, tunnel, and bridge. It links Hong Kong in th...The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of China;it is the longest as-build marine crossings made of island, tunnel, and bridge. It links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai–Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km. The link was built according to the highway standard of six lanes with three lanes going each way;it has a design speed of 100 km·h^-1 and a design life of 120 years. The HZMB has improved traffic conditions on the east and west sides of the coast of the Pearl River Estuary and strengthened the communication, transportation, and economic integration of the three regions, thus accelerating the formation of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper introduces the design and construction of the HZMB, with a focus on the new technologies involved in building the artificial islands and immersed tunnel.展开更多
This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circl...This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circle of stone wall, the gap outside which is filled with charcoal, and the tomb bottom is covered with stoneslabs. The room within the walls is divided into two parts: the frontal for funeral objects and the rear for a wooden chamber and the coffin it encases. The chamber is triplex, built of narrow blocks of wood; the coffin, double, with the boards mortised together. Of the funeral objects, despite serious robbery, there remain jades, bronzes, irons, lacquered articles, and a number of “wu zhu” coins.Judging from the characteristic features of the tomb shape and grave goods, the tomb can be dated to the late Western Han period.展开更多
The reform of the housing system in Shanghai has unexpectedly given rise to a self-governed property owners’ collective supervisory system, primarily in the form of Property Owners’ Supervisory Council (POSC), which...The reform of the housing system in Shanghai has unexpectedly given rise to a self-governed property owners’ collective supervisory system, primarily in the form of Property Owners’ Supervisory Council (POSC), which has picked up some of the government’s administrative functions. Although this new, institutionalized management model has theoretically made democratic managerial participation at the grassroots level possible, it has brought about endless problems, overt and covert, shortly after its appearance, some of which are even alarming. A comprehensive analysis of the data collected over a long period of time has led to the conclusion that this system is a failure, attributable to the overt factor related to skills in reality and the covert “priori” factor that is masked by the former. The existence of such “priori” factor once again demonstrates the deep-rooted, traditional managerial logic: Positive operations is society need only to depend upon individuals’ unstable self-disciplined morality rather than to build a system. The current paper points out that any change in the socioeconomic structure that has long been subject to the power of politics is to inevitably incur a corresponding global structural accommodation, including politics itself. To respond to the two factors for the failure, system building in the two overlapping areas is a must.展开更多
Osteoblasts,which are the bone-forming cells,operate in a hypoxic environment.The transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF1)and HIF2 are key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia.Both are express...Osteoblasts,which are the bone-forming cells,operate in a hypoxic environment.The transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF1)and HIF2 are key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia.Both are expressed in osteoblasts.HIF1 is known to be a positive regulator of bone formation.Conversely,the role of HIF2 in the control osteoblast biology is still poorly understood.In this study,we used mouse genetics to demonstrate that HIF2 is an inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass accrual.Moreover,we provided evidence that HIF2 impairs osteoblast differentiation at least in part,by upregulating the transcription factor Sox9.Our findings constitute a paradigm shift,as activation of the hypoxia-signaling pathway has traditionally been associated with increased bone formation through HIF1.Inhibiting HIF2 could thus represent a therapeutic approach for the treatment of the low bone mass observed in chronic diseases,osteoporosis,or aging.展开更多
Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ...Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.展开更多
文摘The “New Unemployed” consists of young people with low education in the Chinese cities. They differ from the cohorts of their parents because they have no work experiences in any state- or collective-owned enterprise, and are subject to completely different policies designated by the government. Investigations of their daily living lead to the conclusion that the “New Unemployed” has gone through a “system withdrawal” process. They are now facing an environment of “system vacuum” that none of other unemployed groups has ever encountered before. The author emphasizes in the paper a strategic employment principle of “For Future Generations” so that focused attention and care can be provided and this toughest challenge in China can be dealt with.
文摘The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among the earliest scholars who discussed that topic. For a quite long period of time, the debate was mainly focused on the characteristics of the “new middle class.” The middle class, however, has undergone a categorical transformation from the old to the new middle-class, and furthermore, this transformation itself has signified the transition in social patterns from industrial to post-industrial society as well as economic globalization, both of which have contributed to the growth and global expansion of the middle class, having thus fundamentally renovated the middle class.
基金supported in part by the Skywork Intelligence Culture and Technology LTDthe Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR)(0050/2020/A1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61533019)。
文摘CHATGPT,one of the leading Large Language Models(LLMs),has acquired linguistic capabilities such as text comprehension and logical reasoning,enabling it to engage in natural conversations with humans.
基金Supported by the grant from the Guangxi ScienceTechnology Committee, No. 9811003
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recently rapid progress in studieson expression of ICAM-1 in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) have beenachieved, including clinical and experimentalresearches[23-31].
文摘The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. The two rooms in the middle each have two doors on the northern and southern sides respectively；while the two end rooms have only southern doors. So the No. 1 palace must have been in the center of the whole building complex. The roof supported by peripheral columns and wooden-framed walls can be reconstructed to be hipped and single- or double- eaved. The hypothesis that the No. 1 palace may have had projecting-eaves columns has not been confirmed. The No. 2 palace is an open hall without peripheral walls and room division； its roof is supported by peripheral columns only. The idea of reconstructing it as a building with pilasters and multiple rooms seems to lack archaeological evidence. The remaining vestiges show that there were side corridors in the two flanks of the main hall of the No. 2 palace. Referring to the Shang period palace material unearthed from the Shang city-site at Yanshi and other localities, it can be inferred that either of the Nos. 1 and 2 palaces must have had an eastern corridor and a western one, and, in addition, the No. 2 palace must have had a southern corridor with a gate house. The Nos. 1--3 palaces of the Panlongcheng site formed three compounds located one behind another, and belonged to the type of court-and-living building complex. Among them the No. 2 palace was the outer court for holding great ceremonies, the No. 1 palace was the inner court for handling daily administrative affairs, and the No. 3 palace was the king and queen's living place. To the southeast of the No. 2 palace remains a group of rammed-earth house-foundations, which must have been left over from another type of palace building, possibly an ancestral temple. The remaining city-walls at Panlongcheng must have belonged to the peripheral city-walls. The palace area is in the northeast of the encl
文摘The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of China;it is the longest as-build marine crossings made of island, tunnel, and bridge. It links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai–Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km. The link was built according to the highway standard of six lanes with three lanes going each way;it has a design speed of 100 km·h^-1 and a design life of 120 years. The HZMB has improved traffic conditions on the east and west sides of the coast of the Pearl River Estuary and strengthened the communication, transportation, and economic integration of the three regions, thus accelerating the formation of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper introduces the design and construction of the HZMB, with a focus on the new technologies involved in building the artificial islands and immersed tunnel.
文摘This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circle of stone wall, the gap outside which is filled with charcoal, and the tomb bottom is covered with stoneslabs. The room within the walls is divided into two parts: the frontal for funeral objects and the rear for a wooden chamber and the coffin it encases. The chamber is triplex, built of narrow blocks of wood; the coffin, double, with the boards mortised together. Of the funeral objects, despite serious robbery, there remain jades, bronzes, irons, lacquered articles, and a number of “wu zhu” coins.Judging from the characteristic features of the tomb shape and grave goods, the tomb can be dated to the late Western Han period.
文摘The reform of the housing system in Shanghai has unexpectedly given rise to a self-governed property owners’ collective supervisory system, primarily in the form of Property Owners’ Supervisory Council (POSC), which has picked up some of the government’s administrative functions. Although this new, institutionalized management model has theoretically made democratic managerial participation at the grassroots level possible, it has brought about endless problems, overt and covert, shortly after its appearance, some of which are even alarming. A comprehensive analysis of the data collected over a long period of time has led to the conclusion that this system is a failure, attributable to the overt factor related to skills in reality and the covert “priori” factor that is masked by the former. The existence of such “priori” factor once again demonstrates the deep-rooted, traditional managerial logic: Positive operations is society need only to depend upon individuals’ unstable self-disciplined morality rather than to build a system. The current paper points out that any change in the socioeconomic structure that has long been subject to the power of politics is to inevitably incur a corresponding global structural accommodation, including politics itself. To respond to the two factors for the failure, system building in the two overlapping areas is a must.
基金supported by NIH grants AR067330 (to E.S.) and NIH1R01AR071379 (to B.L.).C.M.attributed a grant by the University of Michigan Orthopaedic Research Advisory Committee (RAC G020329)
文摘Osteoblasts,which are the bone-forming cells,operate in a hypoxic environment.The transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF1)and HIF2 are key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia.Both are expressed in osteoblasts.HIF1 is known to be a positive regulator of bone formation.Conversely,the role of HIF2 in the control osteoblast biology is still poorly understood.In this study,we used mouse genetics to demonstrate that HIF2 is an inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass accrual.Moreover,we provided evidence that HIF2 impairs osteoblast differentiation at least in part,by upregulating the transcription factor Sox9.Our findings constitute a paradigm shift,as activation of the hypoxia-signaling pathway has traditionally been associated with increased bone formation through HIF1.Inhibiting HIF2 could thus represent a therapeutic approach for the treatment of the low bone mass observed in chronic diseases,osteoporosis,or aging.
文摘Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.
