Objective Since haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are nonvolatile and of high carcinogenic risk, are common species of chlorinated disinfection by-products(DBPs) in drinking water, and little has been known in China, it...Objective Since haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are nonvolatile and of high carcinogenic risk, are common species of chlorinated disinfection by-products(DBPs) in drinking water, and little has been known in China, it is necessary to make a survey about the kinds and levels of HAAs in drinking water of the nation. Method HAAs were analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture detector(GC/ECD) and relatively complex pretreatment process of sample was applied. Five main cities in different areas of China were chosen in the survey. Results Studies showed that the main species of HAAs in drinking water in China were DCAA and TCAA, ranging from 0.4 礸/L to 12.85 礸/L and from 0.56 礸/L to 10.98 礸/L, respectively. MBAA and DBAA were also detected in one city, ranging from 2.20 礸/L to 4.95 礸/L and 1.10 礸/L to 2.81 礸/L, respectively. Therefore, the contents of HAAs varied, usually no more than 25 礸/L. Based on the acquired data to date, it is known that the concentrations of HAAs in drinking water in China were surely under the limits of Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality (China, 2001). Conclusion A wider survey of HAAs in drinking water should be conducted throughout the nation to get adequate data and information, the ultimate aim of which is to control HAAs pollution and keep the balance between microbiological safety insurance and chemical risk control, minimize the formation of DBPs and ensure the safety of water supply at the same time.展开更多
健康即服务(Health as a Service,HaaS)智能健康管理作为一种新型健康管理模式,依托物联网、5G、人工智能等新技术,以数字化、智能化、整合型、主动服务等特性,推动新型医疗和健康管理模式的转型。通过引入健康即服务理念,立足个人健康...健康即服务(Health as a Service,HaaS)智能健康管理作为一种新型健康管理模式,依托物联网、5G、人工智能等新技术,以数字化、智能化、整合型、主动服务等特性,推动新型医疗和健康管理模式的转型。通过引入健康即服务理念,立足个人健康管理需求、新型信息技术、医疗资源优化整合等关键着力点,进行HaaS智能健康管理模式思路设计和路径探析,实现健康管理重心的均衡分布,以期努力满足公众对生命全周期的健康需求,同时为相关医疗实践和政策制定提供参考和依据。展开更多
文摘Objective Since haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are nonvolatile and of high carcinogenic risk, are common species of chlorinated disinfection by-products(DBPs) in drinking water, and little has been known in China, it is necessary to make a survey about the kinds and levels of HAAs in drinking water of the nation. Method HAAs were analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture detector(GC/ECD) and relatively complex pretreatment process of sample was applied. Five main cities in different areas of China were chosen in the survey. Results Studies showed that the main species of HAAs in drinking water in China were DCAA and TCAA, ranging from 0.4 礸/L to 12.85 礸/L and from 0.56 礸/L to 10.98 礸/L, respectively. MBAA and DBAA were also detected in one city, ranging from 2.20 礸/L to 4.95 礸/L and 1.10 礸/L to 2.81 礸/L, respectively. Therefore, the contents of HAAs varied, usually no more than 25 礸/L. Based on the acquired data to date, it is known that the concentrations of HAAs in drinking water in China were surely under the limits of Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality (China, 2001). Conclusion A wider survey of HAAs in drinking water should be conducted throughout the nation to get adequate data and information, the ultimate aim of which is to control HAAs pollution and keep the balance between microbiological safety insurance and chemical risk control, minimize the formation of DBPs and ensure the safety of water supply at the same time.
文摘健康即服务(Health as a Service,HaaS)智能健康管理作为一种新型健康管理模式,依托物联网、5G、人工智能等新技术,以数字化、智能化、整合型、主动服务等特性,推动新型医疗和健康管理模式的转型。通过引入健康即服务理念,立足个人健康管理需求、新型信息技术、医疗资源优化整合等关键着力点,进行HaaS智能健康管理模式思路设计和路径探析,实现健康管理重心的均衡分布,以期努力满足公众对生命全周期的健康需求,同时为相关医疗实践和政策制定提供参考和依据。
