Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),the principal component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria,stimulates various cell types to release numerous proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-12,which may damag...Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),the principal component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria,stimulates various cell types to release numerous proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-12,which may damage cells and lead to organ injury,even sepsis and septic shock.Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) has been identified as the receptor involved in the recognition of LPS,but the role of LPS uptake in activating signal transduction remains controversial.In the present study,TNF-α was used as a marker of macrophages/ monocytes activated by LPS,and CQ was used as an inhibitor of endosome mature in order to definitude what stage of the signal transduction elicited by LPS was interrupted.We found that there indeed existed internalization of LPS and internalization partially participated in LPS signaling since CQ inhibited cytokine release,and decreased accumulation of FITC-LPS in hPBMCs.In contrast,anti-hTLR4 antibody could decrease cytokine release,but had no inhibition on accumulation of FITC-LPS.This result revealed that inhibition of cytokine release was related to reduction of FITC-LPS accumulation in the cells.But TLR4 on the cell surface couldn't participate in internalization of LPS.Thus,LPS signaling and internalization couldn't be viewed as mutually independent processes.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(5):373-377.展开更多
A half-harmonic oscillator, which gets its name because the position coordinate is strictly positive, has been quantized and determined that it was a physically correct quantization. This positive result was found usi...A half-harmonic oscillator, which gets its name because the position coordinate is strictly positive, has been quantized and determined that it was a physically correct quantization. This positive result was found using affine quantization (AQ). The main purpose of this paper is to compare results of this new quantization procedure with those of canonical quantization (CQ). Using Ashtekar-like classical variables and CQ, we quantize the same toy model. While these two quantizations lead to different results, they both would reduce to the same classical Hamiltonian if ħ→ 0. Since these two quantizations have differing results, only one of the quantizations can be physically correct. Two brief sections also illustrate how AQ can correctly help quantum gravity and the quantization of most field theory problems.展开更多
The particle in a box is a simple model that has a classical Hamiltonian H = p<sup>2</sup> (using 2m = 1), with a limited coordinate space, -b q b, where 0 b < ∞. Using canonical quantization, this exa...The particle in a box is a simple model that has a classical Hamiltonian H = p<sup>2</sup> (using 2m = 1), with a limited coordinate space, -b q b, where 0 b < ∞. Using canonical quantization, this example has been fully studied thanks to its simplicity, and it is a common example for beginners to understand. Despite its repeated analysis, there is a feature that puts the past results into question. In addition to pointing out the quantization issue, the procedures of affine quantization can lead to a proper quantization that necessarily points toward more complicated eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, which deserve to be solved.展开更多
In this paper,by combining the inertial technique and the gradient descent method with Polyak's stepsizes,we propose a novel inertial self-adaptive gradient algorithm to solve the split feasi-bility problem in Hil...In this paper,by combining the inertial technique and the gradient descent method with Polyak's stepsizes,we propose a novel inertial self-adaptive gradient algorithm to solve the split feasi-bility problem in Hilbert spaces and prove some strong and weak convergence theorems of our method under standard assumptions.We examine the performance of our method on the sparse recovery prob-lem beside an example in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space with synthetic data and give some numerical results to show the potential applicability of the proposed method and comparisons with related methods emphasize it further.展开更多
Canonical quantization (CQ) is built around [<i>Q</i>, <i>P</i>] = <i>iħ</i>1l , while affine quantization (AQ) is built around [<i>Q</i>,<i>D</i>...Canonical quantization (CQ) is built around [<i>Q</i>, <i>P</i>] = <i>iħ</i>1l , while affine quantization (AQ) is built around [<i>Q</i>,<i>D</i>] = <i>iħQ</i>, where <i>D</i> ≡ (<i>PQ</i> +<i>QP</i>) / 2 . The basic CQ operators must fit -∞ < <i>P</i>, <i>Q</i> < ∞ , while the basic AQ operators can fit -∞ < <i>P</i> < ∞ and 0 < <i>Q</i> < ∞ , -∞ < <i>Q</i> < 0 , or even -∞ < <i>Q</i> ≠ 0 < ∞ . AQ can also be the key to quantum gravity, as our simple outline demonstrates.展开更多
Today's quantum field theory (QFT) relies heavenly on canonical quantization (CQ), which fails for φ<sub>4</sub>4</sup> leading only to a “free” result. Affine quantization (AQ), an alternativ...Today's quantum field theory (QFT) relies heavenly on canonical quantization (CQ), which fails for φ<sub>4</sub>4</sup> leading only to a “free” result. Affine quantization (AQ), an alternative quantization procedure, leads to a “non-free” result for the same model. Perhaps adding AQ to CQ can improve the quantization of a wide class of problems in QFT.展开更多
This paper obtains a strong convergence theorem for k-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping under the framework of Hilbert spaces using CQ method. Due to the fact that non-expansive mapping is only O-strictly pseudo-con...This paper obtains a strong convergence theorem for k-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping under the framework of Hilbert spaces using CQ method. Due to the fact that non-expansive mapping is only O-strictly pseudo-contractive, the main result obtained in this paper extends the corresponding main result of Nakajo-Takahashi from non-expansive mapping to k-strictly pseudo-contractive one, where k∈ [0,1）.展开更多
Matsushita, Takahashi[4] proved a strong convergence theorem for relatively nonex- pansive mappings in a Banach space by using the hybrid method (CQ method) in mathematical programming. The purpose of this paper is to...Matsushita, Takahashi[4] proved a strong convergence theorem for relatively nonex- pansive mappings in a Banach space by using the hybrid method (CQ method) in mathematical programming. The purpose of this paper is to modify the hybrid method of Matsushita, Taka- hashi by monotone CQ method, and to prove strong convergence theorems for weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and maximal monotone operators in Banach spaces. The convergence rate of monotone CQ method is faster than the hybrid method of Matsushi...展开更多
In order to study the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux from temperate meadow steppes in Northeast China, and determine the best time for observation, a field experiment was conducted with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux s...In order to study the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux from temperate meadow steppes in Northeast China, and determine the best time for observation, a field experiment was conducted with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system under five typical plant communi- ties （Suaeda glauca （Sg）, Chloris virgata （Cv）, Puecinellia distans （Pd）, Leymus chinensis （Lc） and Phragmites australis （Pa）） and an alkali-spot land （As） at the meadow steppe of western Songnen Plain. The results showed that the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux exhibited a single peak curve in the growing season. Diurnal maximum soil respiration （Rs） often appeared between 1 1：00 and 13：00, while the minimum occurred at 21：00-23：00 or before dawn. Air temperature near the soil surface （Ta） and soil temperature at 10 cm depth （Tlo） exerted dominant control on the diurnal variations of soil respiration. The time-windows 7：00-9：00 could be used as the optimal measuring time to represent the daily mean soil CO2 effiux at the Cv, Pd, Lc and Pa sites. The daily mean soil CO2 effiux was close to the soil COz effiux from 15：00 to 17：00 and the mean of 2 individual soil CO2 effiux from 15：00 to 19：00 at the As and Sg sites, respectively. During nocturnal hours, negative soil CO2 fluxes （CO2 downwards into the soil） were frequently observed at the As and Sg sites, the magnitude of the negative CO2 fluxes were 0.10-1.55 gmol/（m2.s） and 0.10-0.69 gmol/（m2.s）at the two sites. The results im- plied that alkaline soils could absorb CO2 under natural condition, which might have significant implications to the global carbon budget accounting.展开更多
Malaria is a disease that has drawn worldwide attention due to the alarming rise of mortality rates particularly in third world countries. During the Plasmodium parasite intraerythrocytic life cycle, metabolic process...Malaria is a disease that has drawn worldwide attention due to the alarming rise of mortality rates particularly in third world countries. During the Plasmodium parasite intraerythrocytic life cycle, metabolic processes include the formation of hemozoin or malaria pigment. This pigment functions in the prevention of oxygen radical-mediated damage to the parasite. Drugs targeting hemozoin formation such as chloroquine and amodaquine are effective and are still used, but recently Plasmodium parasites have become resistant to these drugs, especially against chloroquine. In this study we looked at the potential use of two heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives as anti-malaria drugs; 2,4-Diamino-6-Mercaptopyrimidine （DAMP） and 2-Mercaptopyrimidine （2-MP）. These compounds bear various coordination sites that enable them to react with metal ions to form coordination compounds. We used two methods for testing the inhibition of ferriprotoporphyrin IX （FP） biomineralisation： semi-quantitative microassay used by Deharo, and a quantitative assay used by G. Blaner and M. Akkawi. We report here the finding that （DAMP） has an in vitro inhibitory effect on I%hematin formation at concentrations and magnitude of nearly similar order to that of chloroquine, 2-MP was found to be effective but to a lower degree than DAMP.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China 30271512(to Zhou Hong)by a grant from National Kcy Technologies R&D Program G1999054203(to Zheng Jiang and Zhou Hong).
文摘Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),the principal component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria,stimulates various cell types to release numerous proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-12,which may damage cells and lead to organ injury,even sepsis and septic shock.Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) has been identified as the receptor involved in the recognition of LPS,but the role of LPS uptake in activating signal transduction remains controversial.In the present study,TNF-α was used as a marker of macrophages/ monocytes activated by LPS,and CQ was used as an inhibitor of endosome mature in order to definitude what stage of the signal transduction elicited by LPS was interrupted.We found that there indeed existed internalization of LPS and internalization partially participated in LPS signaling since CQ inhibited cytokine release,and decreased accumulation of FITC-LPS in hPBMCs.In contrast,anti-hTLR4 antibody could decrease cytokine release,but had no inhibition on accumulation of FITC-LPS.This result revealed that inhibition of cytokine release was related to reduction of FITC-LPS accumulation in the cells.But TLR4 on the cell surface couldn't participate in internalization of LPS.Thus,LPS signaling and internalization couldn't be viewed as mutually independent processes.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(5):373-377.
文摘A half-harmonic oscillator, which gets its name because the position coordinate is strictly positive, has been quantized and determined that it was a physically correct quantization. This positive result was found using affine quantization (AQ). The main purpose of this paper is to compare results of this new quantization procedure with those of canonical quantization (CQ). Using Ashtekar-like classical variables and CQ, we quantize the same toy model. While these two quantizations lead to different results, they both would reduce to the same classical Hamiltonian if ħ→ 0. Since these two quantizations have differing results, only one of the quantizations can be physically correct. Two brief sections also illustrate how AQ can correctly help quantum gravity and the quantization of most field theory problems.
文摘The particle in a box is a simple model that has a classical Hamiltonian H = p<sup>2</sup> (using 2m = 1), with a limited coordinate space, -b q b, where 0 b < ∞. Using canonical quantization, this example has been fully studied thanks to its simplicity, and it is a common example for beginners to understand. Despite its repeated analysis, there is a feature that puts the past results into question. In addition to pointing out the quantization issue, the procedures of affine quantization can lead to a proper quantization that necessarily points toward more complicated eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, which deserve to be solved.
基金funded by University of Transport and Communications (UTC) under Grant Number T2023-CB-001
文摘In this paper,by combining the inertial technique and the gradient descent method with Polyak's stepsizes,we propose a novel inertial self-adaptive gradient algorithm to solve the split feasi-bility problem in Hilbert spaces and prove some strong and weak convergence theorems of our method under standard assumptions.We examine the performance of our method on the sparse recovery prob-lem beside an example in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space with synthetic data and give some numerical results to show the potential applicability of the proposed method and comparisons with related methods emphasize it further.
文摘Canonical quantization (CQ) is built around [<i>Q</i>, <i>P</i>] = <i>iħ</i>1l , while affine quantization (AQ) is built around [<i>Q</i>,<i>D</i>] = <i>iħQ</i>, where <i>D</i> ≡ (<i>PQ</i> +<i>QP</i>) / 2 . The basic CQ operators must fit -∞ < <i>P</i>, <i>Q</i> < ∞ , while the basic AQ operators can fit -∞ < <i>P</i> < ∞ and 0 < <i>Q</i> < ∞ , -∞ < <i>Q</i> < 0 , or even -∞ < <i>Q</i> ≠ 0 < ∞ . AQ can also be the key to quantum gravity, as our simple outline demonstrates.
文摘Today's quantum field theory (QFT) relies heavenly on canonical quantization (CQ), which fails for φ<sub>4</sub>4</sup> leading only to a “free” result. Affine quantization (AQ), an alternative quantization procedure, leads to a “non-free” result for the same model. Perhaps adding AQ to CQ can improve the quantization of a wide class of problems in QFT.
文摘This paper obtains a strong convergence theorem for k-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping under the framework of Hilbert spaces using CQ method. Due to the fact that non-expansive mapping is only O-strictly pseudo-contractive, the main result obtained in this paper extends the corresponding main result of Nakajo-Takahashi from non-expansive mapping to k-strictly pseudo-contractive one, where k∈ [0,1）.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10771050)
文摘Matsushita, Takahashi[4] proved a strong convergence theorem for relatively nonex- pansive mappings in a Banach space by using the hybrid method (CQ method) in mathematical programming. The purpose of this paper is to modify the hybrid method of Matsushita, Taka- hashi by monotone CQ method, and to prove strong convergence theorems for weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and maximal monotone operators in Banach spaces. The convergence rate of monotone CQ method is faster than the hybrid method of Matsushi...
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41501090,41501105)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2412015KJ023)
文摘In order to study the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux from temperate meadow steppes in Northeast China, and determine the best time for observation, a field experiment was conducted with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system under five typical plant communi- ties （Suaeda glauca （Sg）, Chloris virgata （Cv）, Puecinellia distans （Pd）, Leymus chinensis （Lc） and Phragmites australis （Pa）） and an alkali-spot land （As） at the meadow steppe of western Songnen Plain. The results showed that the diurnal variation of soil CO2 effiux exhibited a single peak curve in the growing season. Diurnal maximum soil respiration （Rs） often appeared between 1 1：00 and 13：00, while the minimum occurred at 21：00-23：00 or before dawn. Air temperature near the soil surface （Ta） and soil temperature at 10 cm depth （Tlo） exerted dominant control on the diurnal variations of soil respiration. The time-windows 7：00-9：00 could be used as the optimal measuring time to represent the daily mean soil CO2 effiux at the Cv, Pd, Lc and Pa sites. The daily mean soil CO2 effiux was close to the soil COz effiux from 15：00 to 17：00 and the mean of 2 individual soil CO2 effiux from 15：00 to 19：00 at the As and Sg sites, respectively. During nocturnal hours, negative soil CO2 fluxes （CO2 downwards into the soil） were frequently observed at the As and Sg sites, the magnitude of the negative CO2 fluxes were 0.10-1.55 gmol/（m2.s） and 0.10-0.69 gmol/（m2.s）at the two sites. The results im- plied that alkaline soils could absorb CO2 under natural condition, which might have significant implications to the global carbon budget accounting.
文摘Malaria is a disease that has drawn worldwide attention due to the alarming rise of mortality rates particularly in third world countries. During the Plasmodium parasite intraerythrocytic life cycle, metabolic processes include the formation of hemozoin or malaria pigment. This pigment functions in the prevention of oxygen radical-mediated damage to the parasite. Drugs targeting hemozoin formation such as chloroquine and amodaquine are effective and are still used, but recently Plasmodium parasites have become resistant to these drugs, especially against chloroquine. In this study we looked at the potential use of two heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives as anti-malaria drugs; 2,4-Diamino-6-Mercaptopyrimidine （DAMP） and 2-Mercaptopyrimidine （2-MP）. These compounds bear various coordination sites that enable them to react with metal ions to form coordination compounds. We used two methods for testing the inhibition of ferriprotoporphyrin IX （FP） biomineralisation： semi-quantitative microassay used by Deharo, and a quantitative assay used by G. Blaner and M. Akkawi. We report here the finding that （DAMP） has an in vitro inhibitory effect on I%hematin formation at concentrations and magnitude of nearly similar order to that of chloroquine, 2-MP was found to be effective but to a lower degree than DAMP.
