Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable atte...Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the ＂cocktail-party＂ problem.展开更多
目的研究老年性聋患者复杂听觉环境下事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)的特征及其与认知能力及言语辨别能力的相关性,了解其言语辨别能力下降相关的中枢处理过程。方法采集25名老年性聋患者和25名听力正常年轻人的“鸡尾酒会...目的研究老年性聋患者复杂听觉环境下事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)的特征及其与认知能力及言语辨别能力的相关性,了解其言语辨别能力下降相关的中枢处理过程。方法采集25名老年性聋患者和25名听力正常年轻人的“鸡尾酒会”场景下ERP数据,比较相关成分振幅、峰值潜伏期及脑区激活差异。同时对老年性聋患者进行认知能力评估,并对其中14名老年人进行言语辨别能力测试,分析其与ERP相关性。结果老年性聋患者与年轻人相比关联性负变(contingent negative variation,CNV)振幅降低(F=5.174,P=0.027),同时N1、P1成分潜伏期延长(N1:F=6.067,P=0.021;P1:F=13.985,P=0.001),N1振幅升高(F=4.301,P=0.049)。单声源情况下老年性聋组枕叶激活减弱(t=-4.396,P<0.001),多声源情况下减弱进一步扩大到颞叶皮质(t=-5.569,P<0.001)。老年性聋组中,随年龄增长,CNV振幅下降(r=-0.460,P=0.021),P1潜伏期延长(r=0.419,P=0.037),TCT与CNV振幅呈正相关(r=0.601,P=0.023),认知量表总分与N1振幅呈负相关(r=-0.643,P=0.002)。结论老年性聋患者注意力资源分配与预期准备能力较年轻人显著下降,在单声源情况下出现选择性注意和工作记忆能力下降,多声源情况下进一步表现出显著的听觉皮层激活不足。注意力资源分配能力与总体认知水平相关,并随年龄增加而衰退,参与了老年性聋患者言语辨别能力下降的过程。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2009CB320901, 2011CB707805, 2013CB329304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170985, 91120001, 61121002)"985" project grants from Peking University
文摘Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the ＂cocktail-party＂ problem.
文摘目的研究老年性聋患者复杂听觉环境下事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)的特征及其与认知能力及言语辨别能力的相关性,了解其言语辨别能力下降相关的中枢处理过程。方法采集25名老年性聋患者和25名听力正常年轻人的“鸡尾酒会”场景下ERP数据,比较相关成分振幅、峰值潜伏期及脑区激活差异。同时对老年性聋患者进行认知能力评估,并对其中14名老年人进行言语辨别能力测试,分析其与ERP相关性。结果老年性聋患者与年轻人相比关联性负变(contingent negative variation,CNV)振幅降低(F=5.174,P=0.027),同时N1、P1成分潜伏期延长(N1:F=6.067,P=0.021;P1:F=13.985,P=0.001),N1振幅升高(F=4.301,P=0.049)。单声源情况下老年性聋组枕叶激活减弱(t=-4.396,P<0.001),多声源情况下减弱进一步扩大到颞叶皮质(t=-5.569,P<0.001)。老年性聋组中,随年龄增长,CNV振幅下降(r=-0.460,P=0.021),P1潜伏期延长(r=0.419,P=0.037),TCT与CNV振幅呈正相关(r=0.601,P=0.023),认知量表总分与N1振幅呈负相关(r=-0.643,P=0.002)。结论老年性聋患者注意力资源分配与预期准备能力较年轻人显著下降,在单声源情况下出现选择性注意和工作记忆能力下降,多声源情况下进一步表现出显著的听觉皮层激活不足。注意力资源分配能力与总体认知水平相关,并随年龄增加而衰退,参与了老年性聋患者言语辨别能力下降的过程。
