Our previous studies have shown that analgesia induced by electroacupuncture (EA ) of different frequencies is mediated by different kinds of Opioid peptides. Th us, low frequency (2 Hz) EA increases the release of en...Our previous studies have shown that analgesia induced by electroacupuncture (EA ) of different frequencies is mediated by different kinds of Opioid peptides. Th us, low frequency (2 Hz) EA increases the release of enkepahlins (ENK) and beta endorphin (END) in the central nervous system, whereas high frequency EA (100 Hz) increases the release of dynorphin (DYN) in the spinal cord. In recent years , ne w experiments have yielded new data that further substantiate the hypothesis put forward several years ago. 1. How to accelerate the release of endomorphin (EM) in the central nervous syst em EM is an endogenously produced morphine like peptide composed of 4 amino aci ds, showing a high specificity to mu Opioid receptor. Han et al (1999) have show n that intrathecal injection of anti EM antibody to the rat spinal cord blocked 2 Hz but not 100 Hz EA induced analgesia. Likewise, intracerebroventricular (IC V) injection of anti EM antibody or the mu receptor blocker CTOP attenuated 2 H z but not 100 Hz EA induced analgesia (Huang et al, 2000). The results suggest tha t 2 Hz EA accelerated the release of EM in brain and spinal cord to interact wit h mu Opioid receptor to produce analgesic effect. High frequency EA was not effec tive. 2. How to activate both neural pathways mediating both low and high frequency EA effect Pharmacological studies have shown that intrathecal injection of both enkepah lin and dynorphin produces a synergistic analgesic effect. It would naturally l ead to the supposition that EA analgesia may be potentiated if one could activat e both pathways simultaneously. Two paradigms could be used. Paradigm A is to us e low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) alternatively, each lasting for a c ertain period (already optimized to be 3 sec). Paradigm B is to use LF in one li mb and HF in another limb. Pharmacological studies were used to analyze the recept or mechanisms; neurochemical detection and antibody microinjection technique wer e used to identify the neuropeptides responsible for producing the展开更多
为了更好地帮助临床医生根据临床工作需要对病人进行正确的治疗,《Anesthesiology》发表2018年美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)适度镇静和镇痛指南。指南根据医疗知识、临床技术及医疗实践等医学最新进展,...为了更好地帮助临床医生根据临床工作需要对病人进行正确的治疗,《Anesthesiology》发表2018年美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)适度镇静和镇痛指南。指南根据医疗知识、临床技术及医疗实践等医学最新进展,对2002版指南进行了修改。新指南突出以下内容:第一,特别强调适度镇静。展开更多
前言
重症医学科（intensive care unit,ICU）收治的患者处于强烈的应激环境之中,其常见原因包括：（1）自身严重疾病的影响：患者因为病重而难以自理,各种有创诊治操作,自身伤病的疼痛;（2）环境因素：患者被约束于病床上,灯光长明,...前言
重症医学科（intensive care unit,ICU）收治的患者处于强烈的应激环境之中,其常见原因包括：（1）自身严重疾病的影响：患者因为病重而难以自理,各种有创诊治操作,自身伤病的疼痛;（2）环境因素：患者被约束于病床上,灯光长明,昼夜不分,各种噪音（机器声、报警声、呼喊声等）,睡眠剥夺,邻床患者的抢救或去世等;（3）隐匿性疼痛：气管插管及其他各种插管,长时间卧床;展开更多
文摘Our previous studies have shown that analgesia induced by electroacupuncture (EA ) of different frequencies is mediated by different kinds of Opioid peptides. Th us, low frequency (2 Hz) EA increases the release of enkepahlins (ENK) and beta endorphin (END) in the central nervous system, whereas high frequency EA (100 Hz) increases the release of dynorphin (DYN) in the spinal cord. In recent years , ne w experiments have yielded new data that further substantiate the hypothesis put forward several years ago. 1. How to accelerate the release of endomorphin (EM) in the central nervous syst em EM is an endogenously produced morphine like peptide composed of 4 amino aci ds, showing a high specificity to mu Opioid receptor. Han et al (1999) have show n that intrathecal injection of anti EM antibody to the rat spinal cord blocked 2 Hz but not 100 Hz EA induced analgesia. Likewise, intracerebroventricular (IC V) injection of anti EM antibody or the mu receptor blocker CTOP attenuated 2 H z but not 100 Hz EA induced analgesia (Huang et al, 2000). The results suggest tha t 2 Hz EA accelerated the release of EM in brain and spinal cord to interact wit h mu Opioid receptor to produce analgesic effect. High frequency EA was not effec tive. 2. How to activate both neural pathways mediating both low and high frequency EA effect Pharmacological studies have shown that intrathecal injection of both enkepah lin and dynorphin produces a synergistic analgesic effect. It would naturally l ead to the supposition that EA analgesia may be potentiated if one could activat e both pathways simultaneously. Two paradigms could be used. Paradigm A is to us e low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) alternatively, each lasting for a c ertain period (already optimized to be 3 sec). Paradigm B is to use LF in one li mb and HF in another limb. Pharmacological studies were used to analyze the recept or mechanisms; neurochemical detection and antibody microinjection technique wer e used to identify the neuropeptides responsible for producing the
文摘为了更好地帮助临床医生根据临床工作需要对病人进行正确的治疗,《Anesthesiology》发表2018年美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)适度镇静和镇痛指南。指南根据医疗知识、临床技术及医疗实践等医学最新进展,对2002版指南进行了修改。新指南突出以下内容:第一,特别强调适度镇静。
文摘前言
重症医学科（intensive care unit,ICU）收治的患者处于强烈的应激环境之中,其常见原因包括：（1）自身严重疾病的影响：患者因为病重而难以自理,各种有创诊治操作,自身伤病的疼痛;（2）环境因素：患者被约束于病床上,灯光长明,昼夜不分,各种噪音（机器声、报警声、呼喊声等）,睡眠剥夺,邻床患者的抢救或去世等;（3）隐匿性疼痛：气管插管及其他各种插管,长时间卧床;
