Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） for the abundance and distributions of total fatty acids （TFAs）. Approximately 34 fatty acid...Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） for the abundance and distributions of total fatty acids （TFAs）. Approximately 34 fatty acids were identified, with the chain-lengths ranging from C12 to C30. The total concentrations of TFAs （∑TFA） ranged from 7.15 to 30.09 μgg-l dry sediment, and ∑TFA was weakly correlated with bitumen content （R2=0.69）. The ∑TFA of samples around hydrothermal areas were significantly higher than that of samples away from hydrothermal areas, indicating intense primary production and large biomass in the hydro- thermal areas, and suggesting a close relationship between hydrothermal activity and ∑TFA of samples. The characteristics of the TFA composition in the present study are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and lacking in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ra- tios between the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ∑TFAs in samples close to the hydrothermal areas, are about 0.8, but for samples far from the hydrothermal areas, they are only about 0.5. Several fatty acids （e.g., a/iC15：0 and C16：1co7）, which are signature biomarkers for sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, show the same distribution trend as ∑TFA of samples, further highlighting the close relationship between fatty acid content and hydrothermal activity and/or hydrothermal communities. The metabolic activities of hydrothermal communities, especially those of microorganisms, are likely the main source of fatty acids in samples.展开更多
As an important biomarker, fatty acids(FAs) have been extensively used to trace the origin of organic matter in sediments and soils. However, studies of the distribution and abundance of FAs in alpine grassland soils ...As an important biomarker, fatty acids(FAs) have been extensively used to trace the origin of organic matter in sediments and soils. However, studies of the distribution and abundance of FAs in alpine grassland soils are still rare, especially on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP), the highest plateau in the world, which contributes sediments to many large rivers in Asia. This study investigates the composition, distribution and source of FAs with increasing soil depths from 17 typical alpine grassland sites in the QTP. The most abundant FAs included the ubiquitous C16 FA and even-numbered long-chain FAs(C20–C30), indicating mixed inputs from microbial and higher plant sources. Source apportionment showed that higher plants were the dominant contributor of FAs(approximately 40%) in QTP soils. The abundance of FAs decreased with soil depth, with the highest value(1.08±0.09 mg/g C) at a 0–10 cm depth and the lowest value(0.46±0.12 mg/g C) at a 50–70 cm depth, due to much lower plant inputs into the deeper horizons. The total concentration of FAs was negatively correlated to the mean annual temperature(MAT; P<0.05) and soil p H(P<0.01), suggesting that the preservation of FAs was favored in low-MAT and low-p H soils on the QTP. The abundance of fresh C source FAs increased significantly with the mean annual precipitation(MAP; P<0.05), indicating that high MAP facilitates the accumulation of fresh FAs in QTP soils. Other environmental parameters, such as the soil mineral content(aluminum and iron oxide), microbial community composition as well as litter quality and quantity, may also exert a strong control on the preservation of FAs in QTP soils and warrant further research to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the preservation of FAs in QTP soils.展开更多
以四丙基氢氧化铵、四丙基溴化铵、正丁胺和季戊四醇为模板剂水热合成ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRF、XRD、SEM、NH_3-TPD、Py-FTIR和^(27)Al MAS NMR等进行了表征,研究了模板剂对ZSM-5分子筛性质及甲醛制三聚甲醛催化性能的影响。结果表明,通过...以四丙基氢氧化铵、四丙基溴化铵、正丁胺和季戊四醇为模板剂水热合成ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRF、XRD、SEM、NH_3-TPD、Py-FTIR和^(27)Al MAS NMR等进行了表征,研究了模板剂对ZSM-5分子筛性质及甲醛制三聚甲醛催化性能的影响。结果表明,通过改变模板剂可改变ZSM-5分子筛的酸中心分布、表面酸性质和粒径;较大空间的孔道交叉位置的酸性中心、小催化剂粒径和高表面B酸/L酸比值有利于提高三聚甲醛选择性。以四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂合成的ZSM-5分子筛的颗粒尺寸为240nm×240nm×150nm,分布于直形孔道和S形孔道的孔道交叉处的Br?nsted酸中心较多,甲醛转化率和三聚甲醛的选择性分别为30.15%和88.35%。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB429700)National Special Fund for the 12th Five Year Plan of COMRA (Grant Nos. DY125-12-R-02, DY125-12-R-05, DY125- 11-R-05)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41325021, 40830849, 40976027)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11030302)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. JQ200913)
文摘Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） for the abundance and distributions of total fatty acids （TFAs）. Approximately 34 fatty acids were identified, with the chain-lengths ranging from C12 to C30. The total concentrations of TFAs （∑TFA） ranged from 7.15 to 30.09 μgg-l dry sediment, and ∑TFA was weakly correlated with bitumen content （R2=0.69）. The ∑TFA of samples around hydrothermal areas were significantly higher than that of samples away from hydrothermal areas, indicating intense primary production and large biomass in the hydro- thermal areas, and suggesting a close relationship between hydrothermal activity and ∑TFA of samples. The characteristics of the TFA composition in the present study are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and lacking in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ra- tios between the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ∑TFAs in samples close to the hydrothermal areas, are about 0.8, but for samples far from the hydrothermal areas, they are only about 0.5. Several fatty acids （e.g., a/iC15：0 and C16：1co7）, which are signature biomarkers for sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, show the same distribution trend as ∑TFA of samples, further highlighting the close relationship between fatty acid content and hydrothermal activity and/or hydrothermal communities. The metabolic activities of hydrothermal communities, especially those of microorganisms, are likely the main source of fatty acids in samples.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Development Program for Basic Research (Grant Nos. 2014CB954003 & 2015CB954201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31370491 & 41503073)+1 种基金National 1000 Young Talents Programthe "Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05050404)
文摘As an important biomarker, fatty acids(FAs) have been extensively used to trace the origin of organic matter in sediments and soils. However, studies of the distribution and abundance of FAs in alpine grassland soils are still rare, especially on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP), the highest plateau in the world, which contributes sediments to many large rivers in Asia. This study investigates the composition, distribution and source of FAs with increasing soil depths from 17 typical alpine grassland sites in the QTP. The most abundant FAs included the ubiquitous C16 FA and even-numbered long-chain FAs(C20–C30), indicating mixed inputs from microbial and higher plant sources. Source apportionment showed that higher plants were the dominant contributor of FAs(approximately 40%) in QTP soils. The abundance of FAs decreased with soil depth, with the highest value(1.08±0.09 mg/g C) at a 0–10 cm depth and the lowest value(0.46±0.12 mg/g C) at a 50–70 cm depth, due to much lower plant inputs into the deeper horizons. The total concentration of FAs was negatively correlated to the mean annual temperature(MAT; P<0.05) and soil p H(P<0.01), suggesting that the preservation of FAs was favored in low-MAT and low-p H soils on the QTP. The abundance of fresh C source FAs increased significantly with the mean annual precipitation(MAP; P<0.05), indicating that high MAP facilitates the accumulation of fresh FAs in QTP soils. Other environmental parameters, such as the soil mineral content(aluminum and iron oxide), microbial community composition as well as litter quality and quantity, may also exert a strong control on the preservation of FAs in QTP soils and warrant further research to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the preservation of FAs in QTP soils.
文摘以四丙基氢氧化铵、四丙基溴化铵、正丁胺和季戊四醇为模板剂水热合成ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRF、XRD、SEM、NH_3-TPD、Py-FTIR和^(27)Al MAS NMR等进行了表征,研究了模板剂对ZSM-5分子筛性质及甲醛制三聚甲醛催化性能的影响。结果表明,通过改变模板剂可改变ZSM-5分子筛的酸中心分布、表面酸性质和粒径;较大空间的孔道交叉位置的酸性中心、小催化剂粒径和高表面B酸/L酸比值有利于提高三聚甲醛选择性。以四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂合成的ZSM-5分子筛的颗粒尺寸为240nm×240nm×150nm,分布于直形孔道和S形孔道的孔道交叉处的Br?nsted酸中心较多,甲醛转化率和三聚甲醛的选择性分别为30.15%和88.35%。
文摘固态发酵是镇江香醋生产的重要环节之一,直接决定着成品醋的风味和品质。但目前固态发酵的生产控制主要依赖人工经验,难以有效保障镇江香醋的品质。该文分析了总酸(total acid content,TAC)、pH值、含水率在不同阶段的变化规律;采用高光谱图像技术结合联合区间偏最小二乘法(synergy interval partial least squares,siPLS)快速预测固态发酵基质(醋醅)的TAC、pH值和含水率,其最佳模型的相关系数R分别为0.8316、0.9455和0.8503;同时利用主成分分析和逐步多元线性回归模型(stepwise multiple linear regression,SMLR)对醋醅高光谱图像进行分析,研究了总酸在醋醅中的分布情况,以此来快速判断醋醅发酵的均匀性。研究表明,利用高光谱图像技术快速预测醋醅的理化参数及其分布的方法是可行的,结果可为镇江香醋固态发酵的工艺控制提供基础数据和技术手段。
