Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and...Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.展开更多
The metal-organic framework Zn4O[1,4-benzenedicarboxylate]3(Zn4O[CO2-C6H4-CO2]3,commonly known as MOF-5,was prepared by the ultrasonic irradiation method.The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fo...The metal-organic framework Zn4O[1,4-benzenedicarboxylate]3(Zn4O[CO2-C6H4-CO2]3,commonly known as MOF-5,was prepared by the ultrasonic irradiation method.The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy.It was then used as the catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate diol(PCDL) via the transesterification between diphenyl carbonate(DPC) and 1,6-hexandiol(1,6-HD).Its catalytic activity in the transesterification process is evaluated by the yield of phenol,and its catalytic activity in the polycondensation process is determined by the number-average molecular weight(Mn) and the hydroxyl value.Compared to the triethylenediamine(C6H12N2),Mg-Al layered double hydroxide(Mg-Al LDH),sodium ethoxide(C2H5ONa) and sodium methoxide(CH3ONa),MOF-5 exhibits highest catalytic activity for the preparation of PCDL.Under reaction conditions(n(1,6-HD)/n(DPC) = 1.2,w(catalyst) = 0.03%,198 ℃),the yield of phenol is up to 90.1% and the PCDL shows highest Mn and lowest hydroxyl value.展开更多
In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions,we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base.The effect irradiating the reaction using an ult...In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions,we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base.The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted with conventional methods.The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures were identical.The reaction conditions,including solvents,ultrasonic power density and irradiation time,pH,and reactant ratio,were optimized by orthogonal design.A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted synthesis compared with the traditional method.A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions:i.e.ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min;95% ethanol as the solvent,pH 4.0,and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of 6:1.展开更多
4-(Succinimido)-1-butane sulfonic acid was shown to be an efficient and reusable Brnsted acid catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyran derivatives using thermal and ultrasonic conditions. The catalyst was prep...4-(Succinimido)-1-butane sulfonic acid was shown to be an efficient and reusable Brnsted acid catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyran derivatives using thermal and ultrasonic conditions. The catalyst was prepared by mixing succinimide and 1,4-butanesultone, which is simpler and safer than the preparation of succinimide sulfonic acid. This method has the advantages of high yield, clean reaction, simple methodology, and short reaction time. The catalyst can be recycled without loss of activity.展开更多
The effects of pulse ultrasound with different pulse parameters on the breakthrough curves of Geniposide on Resin 1300 were studied. The mass transfer model describing the adsorption process was constructed. Adsorptio...The effects of pulse ultrasound with different pulse parameters on the breakthrough curves of Geniposide on Resin 1300 were studied. The mass transfer model describing the adsorption process was constructed. Adsorption capability and the overall mass-transfer coefficient were obtained by fitting the constructed mass-transfer model and the experimental data. The effects of pulse ultrasound on adsorption of Geniposide on Resin1300 in a fixed bed were studied and compared. Amount of Geniposide adsorbed on Resin 1300 in the presence of ultrasound is lower than that in the absence of ultrasound, but the mass-transfer rate with ultrasonic irradiation is higher than that without ultrasound. Furthermore, mass transfer rate is enhanced by pulse modulation. In the conditions studied, the adsorption equilibrium constant decreases with increasing ultrasonic power, while the overall mass-transfer co-efficient increases. With increasing pulse duty ratio, adsorption equilibrium constant decreases initially, reaches a minimum when pulse duty ratio is 0.5, and then increases. On the contrary, the overall mass-transfer coefficient in-creases initially and reaches a maximum when pulse ratio is 0.5, and then decreases. Effects of pulse period on ad-sorption equilibrium and mass transfer rate reached the peak at pulse period of 28.6 ms.展开更多
High-temperature coal tar was extracted with petroleum ether （PE） under ultrasonic irradiation and the extracts were analyzed with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The acearylene fractions including acenaphthyle...High-temperature coal tar was extracted with petroleum ether （PE） under ultrasonic irradiation and the extracts were analyzed with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The acearylene fractions including acenaphthylene, aceanthrylene and cyclopentapyrene were enriched together and named E, which was then transferred to a car- tridge in Isolera-One flash chromatography. Three groups of compounds were eluted out with ethyl acetate/PE mixed solvent （volume ratio 1：9） and named E1, E2 and E3 according to their main components. Acenaphthylene accounted for 78.2% in El, aceanthrylene 71.6% in E2 and cyclopentapyrene 75.9% in E3, respectively. The three groups of acearylenes were purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography with ethanol/cyclohexane mixed solvent （vol- ume ratio 1：4）, and then confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. This method indicates that flash chromatography has a good effect on separating the compounds with a similar structnre after extraction under ultrasonic irradiation.展开更多
In this work, lanthanide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized in room-temperature ionic liquid via a sonochemical method have been studied. Firstly, the cavitation bubble temperatures in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol...In this work, lanthanide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized in room-temperature ionic liquid via a sonochemical method have been studied. Firstly, the cavitation bubble temperatures in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (ImPF6) have been estimated by the methyl radical recombination method. The temperatures measured in ImPF6 are in the range of 3000-4000 K. Secondly, a facile method has been proposed to prepare lanthanide (Ⅲ) doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in ImPF6 via an ultrasonic irradiation. The nanomaterials are studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoacoustic and luminescence techniques. The results show that the relaxation processes of the samples depend strongly on the lanthanide doping. Moreover, a mechanism is proposed to interpret the formation of lanthanide (Ⅲ) doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in the ImPF6 upon ultrasonic irradiation.展开更多
基金Project(2008ZX07421-002) supported by the National Major Project of Science & Technology Ministry of ChinaProject(2008AA06A412) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20009-K7-4) supported by the Research and Development of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China
文摘Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.
基金supported by the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period (2006BAE02B03)Jiangsu Provincial Science & Technology Pillar Program (BE2010065)
文摘The metal-organic framework Zn4O[1,4-benzenedicarboxylate]3(Zn4O[CO2-C6H4-CO2]3,commonly known as MOF-5,was prepared by the ultrasonic irradiation method.The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy.It was then used as the catalyst for the preparation of polycarbonate diol(PCDL) via the transesterification between diphenyl carbonate(DPC) and 1,6-hexandiol(1,6-HD).Its catalytic activity in the transesterification process is evaluated by the yield of phenol,and its catalytic activity in the polycondensation process is determined by the number-average molecular weight(Mn) and the hydroxyl value.Compared to the triethylenediamine(C6H12N2),Mg-Al layered double hydroxide(Mg-Al LDH),sodium ethoxide(C2H5ONa) and sodium methoxide(CH3ONa),MOF-5 exhibits highest catalytic activity for the preparation of PCDL.Under reaction conditions(n(1,6-HD)/n(DPC) = 1.2,w(catalyst) = 0.03%,198 ℃),the yield of phenol is up to 90.1% and the PCDL shows highest Mn and lowest hydroxyl value.
基金Supported by Doctoral Discipline Special Foundation,Education Ministry of China (No.20050561014)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2007AA100405)
文摘In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions,we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base.The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted with conventional methods.The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures were identical.The reaction conditions,including solvents,ultrasonic power density and irradiation time,pH,and reactant ratio,were optimized by orthogonal design.A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted synthesis compared with the traditional method.A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions:i.e.ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min;95% ethanol as the solvent,pH 4.0,and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of 6:1.
基金the financial support from University Malaya to Project GC 001A-14-AET
文摘4-(Succinimido)-1-butane sulfonic acid was shown to be an efficient and reusable Brnsted acid catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyran derivatives using thermal and ultrasonic conditions. The catalyst was prepared by mixing succinimide and 1,4-butanesultone, which is simpler and safer than the preparation of succinimide sulfonic acid. This method has the advantages of high yield, clean reaction, simple methodology, and short reaction time. The catalyst can be recycled without loss of activity.
基金Supported by the National lqatural Science Foundation of China （20346003）.
文摘The effects of pulse ultrasound with different pulse parameters on the breakthrough curves of Geniposide on Resin 1300 were studied. The mass transfer model describing the adsorption process was constructed. Adsorption capability and the overall mass-transfer coefficient were obtained by fitting the constructed mass-transfer model and the experimental data. The effects of pulse ultrasound on adsorption of Geniposide on Resin1300 in a fixed bed were studied and compared. Amount of Geniposide adsorbed on Resin 1300 in the presence of ultrasound is lower than that in the absence of ultrasound, but the mass-transfer rate with ultrasonic irradiation is higher than that without ultrasound. Furthermore, mass transfer rate is enhanced by pulse modulation. In the conditions studied, the adsorption equilibrium constant decreases with increasing ultrasonic power, while the overall mass-transfer co-efficient increases. With increasing pulse duty ratio, adsorption equilibrium constant decreases initially, reaches a minimum when pulse duty ratio is 0.5, and then increases. On the contrary, the overall mass-transfer coefficient in-creases initially and reaches a maximum when pulse ratio is 0.5, and then decreases. Effects of pulse period on ad-sorption equilibrium and mass transfer rate reached the peak at pulse period of 28.6 ms.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Group(No.50921002)the Program of the Universities in Jiangsu Province for Development of High-Tech Industries(No.JHB05-33)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China University of Mining and Technology,No.2010ZDP02B03)
文摘High-temperature coal tar was extracted with petroleum ether （PE） under ultrasonic irradiation and the extracts were analyzed with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The acearylene fractions including acenaphthylene, aceanthrylene and cyclopentapyrene were enriched together and named E, which was then transferred to a car- tridge in Isolera-One flash chromatography. Three groups of compounds were eluted out with ethyl acetate/PE mixed solvent （volume ratio 1：9） and named E1, E2 and E3 according to their main components. Acenaphthylene accounted for 78.2% in El, aceanthrylene 71.6% in E2 and cyclopentapyrene 75.9% in E3, respectively. The three groups of acearylenes were purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography with ethanol/cyclohexane mixed solvent （vol- ume ratio 1：4）, and then confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. This method indicates that flash chromatography has a good effect on separating the compounds with a similar structnre after extraction under ultrasonic irradiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 11074127, 11211140039 and 11074125)
文摘In this work, lanthanide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized in room-temperature ionic liquid via a sonochemical method have been studied. Firstly, the cavitation bubble temperatures in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (ImPF6) have been estimated by the methyl radical recombination method. The temperatures measured in ImPF6 are in the range of 3000-4000 K. Secondly, a facile method has been proposed to prepare lanthanide (Ⅲ) doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in ImPF6 via an ultrasonic irradiation. The nanomaterials are studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoacoustic and luminescence techniques. The results show that the relaxation processes of the samples depend strongly on the lanthanide doping. Moreover, a mechanism is proposed to interpret the formation of lanthanide (Ⅲ) doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in the ImPF6 upon ultrasonic irradiation.
