It is important to quantify mass variations in the Antarctic ice sheet hybrid filtering scheme employing a combination of the decorrelated to study the global sea-level rise and climate change. A filter P3M6 and 300 k...It is important to quantify mass variations in the Antarctic ice sheet hybrid filtering scheme employing a combination of the decorrelated to study the global sea-level rise and climate change. A filter P3M6 and 300 km Fan filter was used, and the sur- face mass variations over the Antarctic are recovered from GRACE CSR RL04 monthly gravity field models from August 2002 to June 2010. After deduction of leakage errors using the GLDAS hydrological model and postglacial rebound effects using the glacial isostatic adjustment model IJ05, the variations in the ice sheet mass are obtained. The results reveal that the rate of melting of the Antarctic ice sheet is 80.0 Gt/a and increasing and contributes 0.22 mm/a to the global sea-level rise; the mass loss rate is 78.3 Gt/a in the West Antarctic and 1.6 Gt/a in the East Antarctic. The average mass loss rate increases from 39.3 Gt/a for the period 2002-2005 to 104.2 Gt/a for the period 2006-2010, and its corresponding contribution to the global sea-level rise increases from 0.11 to 0.29 mm/a, which indicates accelerated ice mass loss over the Antarctic since 2006. Moreover, the mass accumulation rates for Enderby Land and Wilkes Land along the coast of East Antarctica decrease for the period 2006-2008 but increase evidently after 2009.展开更多
【目的】应用电阻断层成像法、应力波断层成像法和阻抗仪法对活立木树干腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征,判断3种方法的可靠性,为野外立木健康情况检测提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】在黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北林业大学试验林场内,选取水曲...【目的】应用电阻断层成像法、应力波断层成像法和阻抗仪法对活立木树干腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征,判断3种方法的可靠性,为野外立木健康情况检测提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】在黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北林业大学试验林场内,选取水曲柳和北京杨各25株(15株腐朽,10株健康)共50株100个截面,采用PICUS Tree Tronic型树木电阻断层成像仪、Arbotom应力波断层成像系统和Resistograph针式阻抗仪检测及木芯质量损失率估测4种方法对断面腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征。以木芯质量损失率计算的样木腐朽程度(E_s)为真值,利用最小二乘法分别建立电阻测定的腐朽程度(E_d)、应力波测定的腐朽程度(E_y)及阻抗仪测定的腐朽程度(E_z)与真值(E_s)之间的线性关系。【结果】电阻断层成像、应力波和阻抗仪3种无损检测方法能在不同腐朽程度上表征活立木木材质量损失率;从整体上来看,电阻检测和应力波检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度低于阻抗仪检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度;从不同腐朽阶段来看,在E_s<30%时,E_d和E_s的相关系数最高(R=0.823,P<0.01);在30%≤E_s<50%时,E_y和E_s的相关系数最高(R=0.658,P<0.01);在E_s≥50%时,E_z和E_s的相关系数最高(R=0.914,P<0.01)。【结论】电阻断层成像法对木材早期腐朽的检测比较敏感,而应力波断层成像法则相对在木材腐朽稍严重时更准确,阻抗仪法在腐朽各个阶段的检测结果都较为准确,且在腐朽严重时最准确,但会对木材造成微损伤。3种无损检测方法均能有效检测活立木腐朽,并有各自的特点,在实际腐朽检测中应根据实际检测需要来选择。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40874002)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-07-0635)
文摘It is important to quantify mass variations in the Antarctic ice sheet hybrid filtering scheme employing a combination of the decorrelated to study the global sea-level rise and climate change. A filter P3M6 and 300 km Fan filter was used, and the sur- face mass variations over the Antarctic are recovered from GRACE CSR RL04 monthly gravity field models from August 2002 to June 2010. After deduction of leakage errors using the GLDAS hydrological model and postglacial rebound effects using the glacial isostatic adjustment model IJ05, the variations in the ice sheet mass are obtained. The results reveal that the rate of melting of the Antarctic ice sheet is 80.0 Gt/a and increasing and contributes 0.22 mm/a to the global sea-level rise; the mass loss rate is 78.3 Gt/a in the West Antarctic and 1.6 Gt/a in the East Antarctic. The average mass loss rate increases from 39.3 Gt/a for the period 2002-2005 to 104.2 Gt/a for the period 2006-2010, and its corresponding contribution to the global sea-level rise increases from 0.11 to 0.29 mm/a, which indicates accelerated ice mass loss over the Antarctic since 2006. Moreover, the mass accumulation rates for Enderby Land and Wilkes Land along the coast of East Antarctica decrease for the period 2006-2008 but increase evidently after 2009.
文摘【目的】应用电阻断层成像法、应力波断层成像法和阻抗仪法对活立木树干腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征,判断3种方法的可靠性,为野外立木健康情况检测提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】在黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北林业大学试验林场内,选取水曲柳和北京杨各25株(15株腐朽,10株健康)共50株100个截面,采用PICUS Tree Tronic型树木电阻断层成像仪、Arbotom应力波断层成像系统和Resistograph针式阻抗仪检测及木芯质量损失率估测4种方法对断面腐朽程度进行检测和定量表征。以木芯质量损失率计算的样木腐朽程度(E_s)为真值,利用最小二乘法分别建立电阻测定的腐朽程度(E_d)、应力波测定的腐朽程度(E_y)及阻抗仪测定的腐朽程度(E_z)与真值(E_s)之间的线性关系。【结果】电阻断层成像、应力波和阻抗仪3种无损检测方法能在不同腐朽程度上表征活立木木材质量损失率;从整体上来看,电阻检测和应力波检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度低于阻抗仪检测结果与腐朽程度真值的拟合程度;从不同腐朽阶段来看,在E_s<30%时,E_d和E_s的相关系数最高(R=0.823,P<0.01);在30%≤E_s<50%时,E_y和E_s的相关系数最高(R=0.658,P<0.01);在E_s≥50%时,E_z和E_s的相关系数最高(R=0.914,P<0.01)。【结论】电阻断层成像法对木材早期腐朽的检测比较敏感,而应力波断层成像法则相对在木材腐朽稍严重时更准确,阻抗仪法在腐朽各个阶段的检测结果都较为准确,且在腐朽严重时最准确,但会对木材造成微损伤。3种无损检测方法均能有效检测活立木腐朽,并有各自的特点,在实际腐朽检测中应根据实际检测需要来选择。
