This paper provides a critical survey of theoretical pragmatics in contemporary linguistics. Among the topics that are addressed in the essay include the Anglo-American, and European Continental schools of thought; ne...This paper provides a critical survey of theoretical pragmatics in contemporary linguistics. Among the topics that are addressed in the essay include the Anglo-American, and European Continental schools of thought; neo-Gricean pragmatic, and Relevance theories, the pragmatics-semantics interface; and the pragmatics-syntax interface.展开更多
(一) 词典与语用论二者有什么关系呢?这里所说的词典是指通常在桌上使用的那种书,而不是语言理论上所指的书。语用论是从pragmatics译过来的。从字面上讲似乎可以解释为“单个词语使用方法的理论,也可以说是一种有益于单词使用的思考方...(一) 词典与语用论二者有什么关系呢?这里所说的词典是指通常在桌上使用的那种书,而不是语言理论上所指的书。语用论是从pragmatics译过来的。从字面上讲似乎可以解释为“单个词语使用方法的理论,也可以说是一种有益于单词使用的思考方法”,它与讲单词意义与用法的词典有很大关系。在日语方面不太多见,然而在英美却出版了很多讲语句用法(usage)的词典。语用论就是和它有直接关系。H·W·佛拉的《A Dictionary of Modern Eng-展开更多
A contrastive study confronting the influential paradigm of Gricean pragmatics with Confucius’ rather less well-known doctrines on language and language usage may explicate the hidden assumptions in both, and suggest...A contrastive study confronting the influential paradigm of Gricean pragmatics with Confucius’ rather less well-known doctrines on language and language usage may explicate the hidden assumptions in both, and suggest new lines of research. Grice’s famous account of conversational implicature not only assumes speaker’s intentions (that is, private mental states) as basic explanatory notions; it also appears to rely on strong assumptions about speaker’s agency, and about communication as normally or essentially cooperative and power-free. In other words, Grice presumes both methodological individualism and what we may call a social contract view of communication. The Confucian Analects share neither of these assumptions. They attach little importance to the inner, and even less to mental states as explanatory notions. They do not assume individual actors’ agency to be given or primitive, and do not take language to be consensual or contractual in nature. Instead, the famous doctrine of the ‘correction of names’ (正名) displays an articulate awareness of both the performative dimensions of communication and the role of authority or power in it: in correcting names, the ruler constitutes the very social realities he is describing, and the social roles (and by extension, the very personalities or subjectivities) of the persons he is naming. When contrasted with the Gricean framework, Confucian pragmatics allows for a more radical questioning of, among others, the role of speaker’s intentions in explaining communication; the relation between literal and figurative usage; and strategies and aims of indirect language usage. The absence of any appeal to the law and to any universal or codified rules of correct language usage in Confucius also opens up new dimensions for the discussion of linguistic normativity. Finally, a contrastive study raises questions about the variable interrelationship between folk theories or language ideologies and linguistic practices.展开更多
一翻译的模式若从语言学的角度考虑翻译的诸问题,其基点就是翻译工作的模式,如图1所示。用 L1表示原文即出发语言的表层结构,。L1所传达的全部意思用 M 表示;表现同一个 M 的译文即归宿语言用 L2表示。L1、L2两个方框,表示句子结构的全...一翻译的模式若从语言学的角度考虑翻译的诸问题,其基点就是翻译工作的模式,如图1所示。用 L1表示原文即出发语言的表层结构,。L1所传达的全部意思用 M 表示;表现同一个 M 的译文即归宿语言用 L2表示。L1、L2两个方框,表示句子结构的全部意思和词语的全部意思。我们称之为“表层意思”,称 M 为“深层意思”。图1主要在于表明一点,即信息的传达不仅仅是 L的传达,基于只要传达 L 就足够了的想法而进行的翻译是直译。直译只是把构成展开更多
Pragmatics is actually the study of the art of utterances and it has been defined variously by different pragmaticians, each taking a different perspective from others. Pragmatics has been able to formulate a number o...Pragmatics is actually the study of the art of utterances and it has been defined variously by different pragmaticians, each taking a different perspective from others. Pragmatics has been able to formulate a number of questions over the years that are essential to our understanding of language as people＇s main instrument of ＂natural＂ and ＂societal＂ interaction. By providing possible theoretical foundations for the study of practice, pragmatics has helped to increase our knowledge of the forms, functions, and foundations, of human interaction.展开更多
文摘This paper provides a critical survey of theoretical pragmatics in contemporary linguistics. Among the topics that are addressed in the essay include the Anglo-American, and European Continental schools of thought; neo-Gricean pragmatic, and Relevance theories, the pragmatics-semantics interface; and the pragmatics-syntax interface.
文摘(一) 词典与语用论二者有什么关系呢?这里所说的词典是指通常在桌上使用的那种书,而不是语言理论上所指的书。语用论是从pragmatics译过来的。从字面上讲似乎可以解释为“单个词语使用方法的理论,也可以说是一种有益于单词使用的思考方法”,它与讲单词意义与用法的词典有很大关系。在日语方面不太多见,然而在英美却出版了很多讲语句用法(usage)的词典。语用论就是和它有直接关系。H·W·佛拉的《A Dictionary of Modern Eng-
文摘A contrastive study confronting the influential paradigm of Gricean pragmatics with Confucius’ rather less well-known doctrines on language and language usage may explicate the hidden assumptions in both, and suggest new lines of research. Grice’s famous account of conversational implicature not only assumes speaker’s intentions (that is, private mental states) as basic explanatory notions; it also appears to rely on strong assumptions about speaker’s agency, and about communication as normally or essentially cooperative and power-free. In other words, Grice presumes both methodological individualism and what we may call a social contract view of communication. The Confucian Analects share neither of these assumptions. They attach little importance to the inner, and even less to mental states as explanatory notions. They do not assume individual actors’ agency to be given or primitive, and do not take language to be consensual or contractual in nature. Instead, the famous doctrine of the ‘correction of names’ (正名) displays an articulate awareness of both the performative dimensions of communication and the role of authority or power in it: in correcting names, the ruler constitutes the very social realities he is describing, and the social roles (and by extension, the very personalities or subjectivities) of the persons he is naming. When contrasted with the Gricean framework, Confucian pragmatics allows for a more radical questioning of, among others, the role of speaker’s intentions in explaining communication; the relation between literal and figurative usage; and strategies and aims of indirect language usage. The absence of any appeal to the law and to any universal or codified rules of correct language usage in Confucius also opens up new dimensions for the discussion of linguistic normativity. Finally, a contrastive study raises questions about the variable interrelationship between folk theories or language ideologies and linguistic practices.
文摘一翻译的模式若从语言学的角度考虑翻译的诸问题,其基点就是翻译工作的模式,如图1所示。用 L1表示原文即出发语言的表层结构,。L1所传达的全部意思用 M 表示;表现同一个 M 的译文即归宿语言用 L2表示。L1、L2两个方框,表示句子结构的全部意思和词语的全部意思。我们称之为“表层意思”,称 M 为“深层意思”。图1主要在于表明一点,即信息的传达不仅仅是 L的传达,基于只要传达 L 就足够了的想法而进行的翻译是直译。直译只是把构成
文摘Pragmatics is actually the study of the art of utterances and it has been defined variously by different pragmaticians, each taking a different perspective from others. Pragmatics has been able to formulate a number of questions over the years that are essential to our understanding of language as people＇s main instrument of ＂natural＂ and ＂societal＂ interaction. By providing possible theoretical foundations for the study of practice, pragmatics has helped to increase our knowledge of the forms, functions, and foundations, of human interaction.
