《MET》(Matriculation English Test,高等学校入学英语测验)试卷的卷1部分,即客观题部分,共有85分的题,其中阅读理解题占去了40分。这是基于要侧重检查考生是否具有一定水平的阅读理解能力,是完全依据中学英语教学大纲的要求而定的。 ...《MET》(Matriculation English Test,高等学校入学英语测验)试卷的卷1部分,即客观题部分,共有85分的题,其中阅读理解题占去了40分。这是基于要侧重检查考生是否具有一定水平的阅读理解能力,是完全依据中学英语教学大纲的要求而定的。 在这个大题里,每年选用四篇内容丰富、题材新颖、体裁各异、形式多样、程度适中的短文,再根据每篇短文提供的线索,编出四组阅读理解题考查学生。这些问题若以难易标准区分,基本可定为两级。一级是表层理解题(指直接问答和语句分析、词语释义题),一级是深层理解题(指归纳概括、推理判断题)。前者题型,基本是两种文字的解码过程,是属于考查双基范畴的;后者是要求考生凭借所获信息,去粗取精,去伪存真,处理掉多余信息,保留有用信息;或者依据所提供的资料,由已知推出未知,从而扩大认识范围,获取新知识。是测定考生能否运用外语进行交流、从事创造性工作的较难考查题。展开更多
Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are man...Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.展开更多
文摘《MET》(Matriculation English Test,高等学校入学英语测验)试卷的卷1部分,即客观题部分,共有85分的题,其中阅读理解题占去了40分。这是基于要侧重检查考生是否具有一定水平的阅读理解能力,是完全依据中学英语教学大纲的要求而定的。 在这个大题里,每年选用四篇内容丰富、题材新颖、体裁各异、形式多样、程度适中的短文,再根据每篇短文提供的线索,编出四组阅读理解题考查学生。这些问题若以难易标准区分,基本可定为两级。一级是表层理解题(指直接问答和语句分析、词语释义题),一级是深层理解题(指归纳概括、推理判断题)。前者题型,基本是两种文字的解码过程,是属于考查双基范畴的;后者是要求考生凭借所获信息,去粗取精,去伪存真,处理掉多余信息,保留有用信息;或者依据所提供的资料,由已知推出未知,从而扩大认识范围,获取新知识。是测定考生能否运用外语进行交流、从事创造性工作的较难考查题。
文摘Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.
