Objectives. Tolerance induction to prevent development of nickel allergy has been suggested with permanent dental braces.We wanted to find out which effect orthodontic treatments had had on the development of nickel a...Objectives. Tolerance induction to prevent development of nickel allergy has been suggested with permanent dental braces.We wanted to find out which effect orthodontic treatments had had on the development of nickel allergy in university students. Study design. We examined and patch tested 153 students, of whom 113 had a history of pierced skin, and 70 a history of orthodontic treatment roughly 10 years earlier. Results. All except one student with pierced skin were females. Development of nickel allergy was significantly associated with skin piercing (54%compared with 12%). At the time of the study, there was a slight but non-significant difference in the prevalence of nickel allergy between students who had been subjects for orthodontic treatment (49%) compared with non-treated ones (58%) if they had pierced skin. There were no significant differences in the development of nickel allergy among students who had had permanent dental braces before (50%) or after skin piercing (48%). However, from 40 students without skin piercing four of 11 (three males) with a history of permanent braces had developed nickel allergy, as compared with none of 22 (P = 0.008) without orthodontic treatment suggesting possibility of sensitization through dental devices. Conclusions. Orthodontic treatment may not lead to tolerance induction on all occasions, and sensitization through permanent devices seems to be possible.展开更多
Background and study aims: At many centers wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) without prior radiographic examination to rule out relevant strictures is considered to be contraindicated in suspected obstructive small- bo...Background and study aims: At many centers wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) without prior radiographic examination to rule out relevant strictures is considered to be contraindicated in suspected obstructive small- bowel disease. However, the accuracy of radiography in this situation has often been questioned. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of the recently developed patency capsule, and its predictive value regarding the clinical relevance of radiographic small- bowel strictures. Patients and methods: 22 patients with suspected obstructive small- bowel disease and/or radiological evidence of small- bowel strictures underwent a patency capsule examination. Intact passage, patient experience of pain, and capsule disintegration were correlated with radiographic findings, clinical variables, and outcome. Results: 13 patients passed an intact capsule without complaints, despite radiographically observed small- bowel stenosis; the subsequent video capsule examination was uneventful in all. In nine patients either intact passage was painful or the capsule disintegrated; in one of these, impaction of an intact capsule led to an ileus and emergency surgery. The type of capsule passage did not correlate with radiographic presence of a stricture, underlying diagnosis, or previous surgery. There was a statistically significant correlation between outcome (surgery performed or recommended) and occurrence of painful capsule passage and disintegration (P≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Painless egestion of an intact patency capsule indicates safety of WCE. Patients without obstructive symptoms require neither small- bowel radiography nor a patency capsule study prior to WCE. Disintegration of the patency capsule or painful passage seems to be associated with a clinically relevant small- bowel stricture and with a high probability of surgery.展开更多
文摘Objectives. Tolerance induction to prevent development of nickel allergy has been suggested with permanent dental braces.We wanted to find out which effect orthodontic treatments had had on the development of nickel allergy in university students. Study design. We examined and patch tested 153 students, of whom 113 had a history of pierced skin, and 70 a history of orthodontic treatment roughly 10 years earlier. Results. All except one student with pierced skin were females. Development of nickel allergy was significantly associated with skin piercing (54%compared with 12%). At the time of the study, there was a slight but non-significant difference in the prevalence of nickel allergy between students who had been subjects for orthodontic treatment (49%) compared with non-treated ones (58%) if they had pierced skin. There were no significant differences in the development of nickel allergy among students who had had permanent dental braces before (50%) or after skin piercing (48%). However, from 40 students without skin piercing four of 11 (three males) with a history of permanent braces had developed nickel allergy, as compared with none of 22 (P = 0.008) without orthodontic treatment suggesting possibility of sensitization through dental devices. Conclusions. Orthodontic treatment may not lead to tolerance induction on all occasions, and sensitization through permanent devices seems to be possible.
文摘Background and study aims: At many centers wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) without prior radiographic examination to rule out relevant strictures is considered to be contraindicated in suspected obstructive small- bowel disease. However, the accuracy of radiography in this situation has often been questioned. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of the recently developed patency capsule, and its predictive value regarding the clinical relevance of radiographic small- bowel strictures. Patients and methods: 22 patients with suspected obstructive small- bowel disease and/or radiological evidence of small- bowel strictures underwent a patency capsule examination. Intact passage, patient experience of pain, and capsule disintegration were correlated with radiographic findings, clinical variables, and outcome. Results: 13 patients passed an intact capsule without complaints, despite radiographically observed small- bowel stenosis; the subsequent video capsule examination was uneventful in all. In nine patients either intact passage was painful or the capsule disintegrated; in one of these, impaction of an intact capsule led to an ileus and emergency surgery. The type of capsule passage did not correlate with radiographic presence of a stricture, underlying diagnosis, or previous surgery. There was a statistically significant correlation between outcome (surgery performed or recommended) and occurrence of painful capsule passage and disintegration (P≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Painless egestion of an intact patency capsule indicates safety of WCE. Patients without obstructive symptoms require neither small- bowel radiography nor a patency capsule study prior to WCE. Disintegration of the patency capsule or painful passage seems to be associated with a clinically relevant small- bowel stricture and with a high probability of surgery.
