Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) is a member of a family of Ca 2+/calmodulin-regulated protein kinases which also includes Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases Ⅰ and Ⅲ, myosin light chain ...Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) is a member of a family of Ca 2+/calmodulin-regulated protein kinases which also includes Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases Ⅰ and Ⅲ, myosin light chain kinases and phosphorylase kinase. Unlike the other members of this family, CaMKⅡ is multifunctional protein kinase and distributes in a variety of tissues. It is especially abundant in neuronal system. In hippocampus, CaMKⅡ is about 2% of the total protein. Studies have shown that CaMKⅡ plays an important role in a variety of biological processes, such as regulation of gene transcription, synthesis of neurotransmitter, phosphorylation of cytoskeletonal protein, hippocampal learning and memory formation.展开更多
Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng,which have been reported to target brain tissues and produce multiple neuroprotective effects.Ginsenosides have been shown to improve learning ability and memory ...Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng,which have been reported to target brain tissues and produce multiple neuroprotective effects.Ginsenosides have been shown to improve learning ability and memory in normal aged animals,and in an animal model of memory impairment.However,its underlying pharmacological mechanisms are very complicated,especially with regard to its effects on the activation of protein kinases in neurons.Previous reports have shown that some protein kinases may be affected by ginsenosides,including protein kinase C,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ,c-Jun-N terminal kinase,and protein tyrosine kinase.In this paper,protein kinases that may underlie the mechanisms of ginsenosides will be discussed.展开更多
文摘Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) is a member of a family of Ca 2+/calmodulin-regulated protein kinases which also includes Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases Ⅰ and Ⅲ, myosin light chain kinases and phosphorylase kinase. Unlike the other members of this family, CaMKⅡ is multifunctional protein kinase and distributes in a variety of tissues. It is especially abundant in neuronal system. In hippocampus, CaMKⅡ is about 2% of the total protein. Studies have shown that CaMKⅡ plays an important role in a variety of biological processes, such as regulation of gene transcription, synthesis of neurotransmitter, phosphorylation of cytoskeletonal protein, hippocampal learning and memory formation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(the Study of Electrochemical Mechanism on the Common Syndrome Factors Concerning Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease,No.81273629)Prescription-syndrome Effect of Dihuang Yinzi Treating Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease Based on the Theory of Syndrome Factor,No.81273898+2 种基金Study on the Synergistic Mechanism of Polygala Tenuifolia and Acorus Gramineus Improving Memory Through Modulating Synaptic Plasticity Molecular Network,No.81473375Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(the Study of Electrochemical Mechanism on the Common Syndrome Factors Concerning Brain Degenerative Diseases,No.2013-134)Shanxi Provincial Project of International Science Technology Cooperation(R&D of Screen System for Chinese Medicines of Anti-Neuronal Apoptosis Based on the Modulation Mechanism of Neuroglial Cells,No.2010081065)
文摘Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng,which have been reported to target brain tissues and produce multiple neuroprotective effects.Ginsenosides have been shown to improve learning ability and memory in normal aged animals,and in an animal model of memory impairment.However,its underlying pharmacological mechanisms are very complicated,especially with regard to its effects on the activation of protein kinases in neurons.Previous reports have shown that some protein kinases may be affected by ginsenosides,including protein kinase C,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ,c-Jun-N terminal kinase,and protein tyrosine kinase.In this paper,protein kinases that may underlie the mechanisms of ginsenosides will be discussed.
