The phenotype-genotype relationship is studied traditionally using the strategies of either forward genetics （ top-down）, which starts with one phenotype （disease） and look at its link with one or many genotypes, ...The phenotype-genotype relationship is studied traditionally using the strategies of either forward genetics （ top-down）, which starts with one phenotype （disease） and look at its link with one or many genotypes, or reverse genetics （bottom-up） , which starts with one genotype and see whether its relationship with the phenotype can be different omits methods have been used to establish the relationship between confirmed. In the post-genome era, various diseases and genome/proteome characterizations. These omic studies have unraveled the etiology and patho- physiology of many diseases in a big-data fashion and also revealed an unequable relation between the increasingly detailed variations in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the complex clinical phenotypes of disease and drug therapy. The recent Genome-wide Association Studies （GWAS） have provided a powerful systematic method to in- vestigate the impact of common genomic variations on human disease. In a GWAS, SNPs from across the entire ge- nome are studied agnostically, without premeditation regarding their possible functionEll. While some studies star- ted to use the clustering of common clinical domain phenotypes, however, most of current GWAS are still using the hypothesis-driven strategy for identifying genetic mechanisms and remains largely focused on clinical categories of targeted disease that usually do not provide adequate etiological information. In these studies, a single pre-defined disease or clinical phenotype （trait） is studied and the accrual of a large number of single gene variants - pheno- type associations by GWAS could only fortuitously identify one gene affecting one disease or responsible for more than one phenotypic characteristics or single loci associated with multiple diseases （pleiotropy）. Most common dis- eases are not fully explained by genetic variations. Epigeneticists have proposed that studying the epigenetic （or epigenomic） landscape may provide explanation for this gapE21. Similarly, while t展开更多
A brief introduction of recent research works in our laboratory concerning microdialysis(MD) based on optical detection combined with FIA is made in this mini\|review. A biosensor system has been designed and realized...A brief introduction of recent research works in our laboratory concerning microdialysis(MD) based on optical detection combined with FIA is made in this mini\|review. A biosensor system has been designed and realized the real time in vivo monitoring of some important clinic substances such as calcium, uric acid. The system has also been used to study the in vitro binding of drug\|protein.展开更多
文摘The phenotype-genotype relationship is studied traditionally using the strategies of either forward genetics （ top-down）, which starts with one phenotype （disease） and look at its link with one or many genotypes, or reverse genetics （bottom-up） , which starts with one genotype and see whether its relationship with the phenotype can be different omits methods have been used to establish the relationship between confirmed. In the post-genome era, various diseases and genome/proteome characterizations. These omic studies have unraveled the etiology and patho- physiology of many diseases in a big-data fashion and also revealed an unequable relation between the increasingly detailed variations in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the complex clinical phenotypes of disease and drug therapy. The recent Genome-wide Association Studies （GWAS） have provided a powerful systematic method to in- vestigate the impact of common genomic variations on human disease. In a GWAS, SNPs from across the entire ge- nome are studied agnostically, without premeditation regarding their possible functionEll. While some studies star- ted to use the clustering of common clinical domain phenotypes, however, most of current GWAS are still using the hypothesis-driven strategy for identifying genetic mechanisms and remains largely focused on clinical categories of targeted disease that usually do not provide adequate etiological information. In these studies, a single pre-defined disease or clinical phenotype （trait） is studied and the accrual of a large number of single gene variants - pheno- type associations by GWAS could only fortuitously identify one gene affecting one disease or responsible for more than one phenotypic characteristics or single loci associated with multiple diseases （pleiotropy）. Most common dis- eases are not fully explained by genetic variations. Epigeneticists have proposed that studying the epigenetic （or epigenomic） landscape may provide explanation for this gapE21. Similarly, while t
文摘A brief introduction of recent research works in our laboratory concerning microdialysis(MD) based on optical detection combined with FIA is made in this mini\|review. A biosensor system has been designed and realized the real time in vivo monitoring of some important clinic substances such as calcium, uric acid. The system has also been used to study the in vitro binding of drug\|protein.
