目的构建并应用基于Brislin经典回译模型的新型翻译模型。方法以美国护理局联合委员会制定的《2011Registered Nursing Practice Analysis Survey》为原问卷,Brislin经典回译模型为基础框架,结合翻译改良准则构建适合本研究的翻译模型...目的构建并应用基于Brislin经典回译模型的新型翻译模型。方法以美国护理局联合委员会制定的《2011Registered Nursing Practice Analysis Survey》为原问卷,Brislin经典回译模型为基础框架,结合翻译改良准则构建适合本研究的翻译模型。结果《2011Registered Nursing Practice Analysis Survey》经新型翻译模型翻译后保留源问卷的分问卷形式,得到《上海市新护士实践情况调查表(问卷1)》及《上海市新护士实践情况调查表(问卷2)》,经预试验信度检测,问卷1整体Cronbach′sα为0.97,问题A-实践频率为0.97、问题B-重要性为0.94;问卷2整体Cronbach′sα为0.90,问题A-实践频率为0.89、问题B-重要性为0.91。结论新型翻译模型适合应用于调查表的翻译,可解决由于文化不对等所带来的翻译困境。展开更多
One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence ...One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.展开更多
The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process...The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process,which can integrate the merits of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, boosts splendid talent for CO2 reduction with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. Recent several decades have witnessed the overwhelming development of PEC CO2 reduction. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize the recent advanced design for PEC CO2 reduction. On account of basic principles and evaluation parameters, we firstly highlight the subtle construction for photocathodes to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction, which includes the strategies for improving light utilization, supplying catalytic active sites and steering reaction pathway.Furthermore, diversiform novel PEC setups are also outlined.These exploited setups endow a bright window to surmount the intrinsic disadvantages of photocathode, showing promising potentials for future applications. Finally, we underline the challenges and key factors for the further development of PEC CO2 reduction that would enable more efficient designs for setups and deepen systematic understanding for mechanisms.展开更多
Background:In the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT),the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is under-evaluated.The aim of this study was to compare...Background:In the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT),the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is under-evaluated.The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of NAC plus IMRT and concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)plus adjuvant chemotherapy(AC)on locoregionally advanced NPC.Methods:Between January 2004 and December 2008,240 cases of locoregionally advanced NPC confirmed by pathologic assessment in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were reviewed.Of the 240 patients,117 received NAC followed by IMRT,and 123 were treated with CCRT plus AC.The NAC+IMRT group received a regimen that included cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU).The CCRT+AC group received cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy,and subsequently received adjuvant cisplatin and 5-FU.The survival rates were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis,and the survival curves were compared using a log-rank test.Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The 5-year overall survival(OS),locoregional relapse-free survival(LRRFS),distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),and disease-free survival(DFS)were 78.0,87.9,79.0,and 69.8%,respectively,for the NAC+IMRT group and78.7,84.8,76.2,and 65.6%,respectively,for the CCRT+AC group.There were no significant differences in survival between the two groups.In multivariate analysis,age(<50 years vs.>50 years)and overall stage(Ⅲvs.Ⅳ)were found to be independent predictors for OS and DFS;furthermore,the overall stage was a significant prognostic factor for DMFS.Compared with the CCRT+AC protocol,the NAC+IMRT protocol significantly reduced the occurrence rates of grade 3-4 nausea-vomiting(6.5 vs.1.5%,P=0.023)and leukopenia(9.7 vs.0.8%,P=0.006).Conclusions:The treatment outcomes of the NAC+IMRT and CCRT+AC groups were similar.Distant metastasis remained the predominant mode of treatment failure.展开更多
文摘目的构建并应用基于Brislin经典回译模型的新型翻译模型。方法以美国护理局联合委员会制定的《2011Registered Nursing Practice Analysis Survey》为原问卷,Brislin经典回译模型为基础框架,结合翻译改良准则构建适合本研究的翻译模型。结果《2011Registered Nursing Practice Analysis Survey》经新型翻译模型翻译后保留源问卷的分问卷形式,得到《上海市新护士实践情况调查表(问卷1)》及《上海市新护士实践情况调查表(问卷2)》,经预试验信度检测,问卷1整体Cronbach′sα为0.97,问题A-实践频率为0.97、问题B-重要性为0.94;问卷2整体Cronbach′sα为0.90,问题A-实践频率为0.89、问题B-重要性为0.91。结论新型翻译模型适合应用于调查表的翻译,可解决由于文化不对等所带来的翻译困境。
文摘One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.
基金financially supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0207301)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB848900)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21471141 and U1532135)the CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-SLH018)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team, the Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology (2016FXCX003)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts, the CAS Hundred Talent Program, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1708085QB26)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (BH2060000034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060190064)
文摘The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process,which can integrate the merits of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, boosts splendid talent for CO2 reduction with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. Recent several decades have witnessed the overwhelming development of PEC CO2 reduction. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize the recent advanced design for PEC CO2 reduction. On account of basic principles and evaluation parameters, we firstly highlight the subtle construction for photocathodes to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction, which includes the strategies for improving light utilization, supplying catalytic active sites and steering reaction pathway.Furthermore, diversiform novel PEC setups are also outlined.These exploited setups endow a bright window to surmount the intrinsic disadvantages of photocathode, showing promising potentials for future applications. Finally, we underline the challenges and key factors for the further development of PEC CO2 reduction that would enable more efficient designs for setups and deepen systematic understanding for mechanisms.
基金supported by grants from Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2015010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.15ykpy36)Clinical Research of Special Funds of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(no.320.6750.14270)
文摘Background:In the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT),the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is under-evaluated.The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of NAC plus IMRT and concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)plus adjuvant chemotherapy(AC)on locoregionally advanced NPC.Methods:Between January 2004 and December 2008,240 cases of locoregionally advanced NPC confirmed by pathologic assessment in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were reviewed.Of the 240 patients,117 received NAC followed by IMRT,and 123 were treated with CCRT plus AC.The NAC+IMRT group received a regimen that included cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU).The CCRT+AC group received cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy,and subsequently received adjuvant cisplatin and 5-FU.The survival rates were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis,and the survival curves were compared using a log-rank test.Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The 5-year overall survival(OS),locoregional relapse-free survival(LRRFS),distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),and disease-free survival(DFS)were 78.0,87.9,79.0,and 69.8%,respectively,for the NAC+IMRT group and78.7,84.8,76.2,and 65.6%,respectively,for the CCRT+AC group.There were no significant differences in survival between the two groups.In multivariate analysis,age(<50 years vs.>50 years)and overall stage(Ⅲvs.Ⅳ)were found to be independent predictors for OS and DFS;furthermore,the overall stage was a significant prognostic factor for DMFS.Compared with the CCRT+AC protocol,the NAC+IMRT protocol significantly reduced the occurrence rates of grade 3-4 nausea-vomiting(6.5 vs.1.5%,P=0.023)and leukopenia(9.7 vs.0.8%,P=0.006).Conclusions:The treatment outcomes of the NAC+IMRT and CCRT+AC groups were similar.Distant metastasis remained the predominant mode of treatment failure.
