2007年国际联合研究项目人类微生物组计划(The Human Microbiome Project,HMP)和人类肠道元基因(或宏基因)组学计划(Metagenomics of The Human Intestinal Tract,MetaHIT)正式启动,标志着肠道宏基因组研究的时代已经到来。人是由90%的...2007年国际联合研究项目人类微生物组计划(The Human Microbiome Project,HMP)和人类肠道元基因(或宏基因)组学计划(Metagenomics of The Human Intestinal Tract,MetaHIT)正式启动,标志着肠道宏基因组研究的时代已经到来。人是由90%的共生微生物组成的超级生物体,微生物尤其是肠道微生物参与了人体的营养吸收和代谢,通过这种相互作用方式影响着人体的健康和疾病的发展。本文从多种途径综述肠道菌群对疾病发病机制的研究进展,旨在为寻找人类的健康和疾病的治疗靶点提供一些新的思路。展开更多
自身免疫性疾病(AID)已成为严重影响人类健康的疾病。自身抗体检测对 AID 诊断和鉴别诊断、病情评估与治疗监测、病程转归与预后判断等都具有重要的临床应用价值。在此仅对目前国内自身抗体检测技术临床推广应用中存在的问题及质量保证...自身免疫性疾病(AID)已成为严重影响人类健康的疾病。自身抗体检测对 AID 诊断和鉴别诊断、病情评估与治疗监测、病程转归与预后判断等都具有重要的临床应用价值。在此仅对目前国内自身抗体检测技术临床推广应用中存在的问题及质量保证方面应注意的事项,提出一些改进建议。展开更多
嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎（eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis，EGPA）是一种可累及全身多个系统的、少见的自身免疫性疾病，主要表现为外周血及组织中嗜酸粒细胞增多、浸润及中小血管的坏死性肉芽肿性炎症，属于抗中性粒...嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎（eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis，EGPA）是一种可累及全身多个系统的、少见的自身免疫性疾病，主要表现为外周血及组织中嗜酸粒细胞增多、浸润及中小血管的坏死性肉芽肿性炎症，属于抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies，ANCA）相关性系统性血管炎。展开更多
Based on histological and immunohistochemical exami- nation of various organs of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP）, a novel clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been proposed. ...Based on histological and immunohistochemical exami- nation of various organs of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP）, a novel clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been proposed. This is a systemic disease that is characterized by extensive IgG4-positive plasma cells and T-lymphocyte infiltration of various organs. Clinical manifestations are apparent in the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, kidney, lung, and prosrate, in which tissue fibrosis with obliterative phlebitis is pathologically induced. AlP is not simply pancreatitis but, in fact, is a pancreatic disease indicative of IgG4- related sclerosing diseases. This disease includes AlP, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, sialadenitis, retro-peritoneal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, interstitial pneumonia, prostatitis, inflammatory pseudotumor and lymphadenopathy, all IgG4-related. Most IgG4-related sclerosing diseases have been found to be associated with AlP, but also those without pancreatic involvement have been reported. In some cases, only one or two organs are clinically involved, while in others, three or four organs are affected. The disease occurs predominantly in older men and responds well to steroid therapy. Serum IgG4 levels and immunos-taining with anti-IgG4 antibody are useful in making the diagnosis. Since malignant tumors are frequently suspected on initial presentation, IgG4-related sclerosing disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery.展开更多
维生素D是人体生命中不可缺少的营养素,由于免疫细胞同样表达1α-羟化酶和维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR),所以维生素D是一种重要的免疫调节剂,它可以调节固有免疫和适应性免疫。维生素D通过与维生素D受体结合,激活和调节多种细...维生素D是人体生命中不可缺少的营养素,由于免疫细胞同样表达1α-羟化酶和维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR),所以维生素D是一种重要的免疫调节剂,它可以调节固有免疫和适应性免疫。维生素D通过与维生素D受体结合,激活和调节多种细胞通路来发挥其生物学效应。尤其是免疫细胞(抗原递呈细胞、B细胞、T细胞)能够表达1α-羟化酶从而合成维生素D的活性代谢物,更进一步证明了维生素D的免疫调节特性。维生素D缺乏会导致诸如自身免疫性疾病等异常反应。一些观察研究表明补充维生素D有利于降低疾病的严重程度。但是,用于预防或治疗自身免疫性疾病所需补充的血浆25-羟维生素D浓度标准仍有争议。本文将对维生素D免疫调节研究进展以及维生素D在自身免疫性内分泌疾病(自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、1型糖尿病、Addison’s病)发病机制中的作用进行综述。展开更多
文摘2007年国际联合研究项目人类微生物组计划(The Human Microbiome Project,HMP)和人类肠道元基因(或宏基因)组学计划(Metagenomics of The Human Intestinal Tract,MetaHIT)正式启动,标志着肠道宏基因组研究的时代已经到来。人是由90%的共生微生物组成的超级生物体,微生物尤其是肠道微生物参与了人体的营养吸收和代谢,通过这种相互作用方式影响着人体的健康和疾病的发展。本文从多种途径综述肠道菌群对疾病发病机制的研究进展,旨在为寻找人类的健康和疾病的治疗靶点提供一些新的思路。
文摘Based on histological and immunohistochemical exami- nation of various organs of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP）, a novel clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been proposed. This is a systemic disease that is characterized by extensive IgG4-positive plasma cells and T-lymphocyte infiltration of various organs. Clinical manifestations are apparent in the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, kidney, lung, and prosrate, in which tissue fibrosis with obliterative phlebitis is pathologically induced. AlP is not simply pancreatitis but, in fact, is a pancreatic disease indicative of IgG4- related sclerosing diseases. This disease includes AlP, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, sialadenitis, retro-peritoneal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, interstitial pneumonia, prostatitis, inflammatory pseudotumor and lymphadenopathy, all IgG4-related. Most IgG4-related sclerosing diseases have been found to be associated with AlP, but also those without pancreatic involvement have been reported. In some cases, only one or two organs are clinically involved, while in others, three or four organs are affected. The disease occurs predominantly in older men and responds well to steroid therapy. Serum IgG4 levels and immunos-taining with anti-IgG4 antibody are useful in making the diagnosis. Since malignant tumors are frequently suspected on initial presentation, IgG4-related sclerosing disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery.
文摘维生素D是人体生命中不可缺少的营养素,由于免疫细胞同样表达1α-羟化酶和维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR),所以维生素D是一种重要的免疫调节剂,它可以调节固有免疫和适应性免疫。维生素D通过与维生素D受体结合,激活和调节多种细胞通路来发挥其生物学效应。尤其是免疫细胞(抗原递呈细胞、B细胞、T细胞)能够表达1α-羟化酶从而合成维生素D的活性代谢物,更进一步证明了维生素D的免疫调节特性。维生素D缺乏会导致诸如自身免疫性疾病等异常反应。一些观察研究表明补充维生素D有利于降低疾病的严重程度。但是,用于预防或治疗自身免疫性疾病所需补充的血浆25-羟维生素D浓度标准仍有争议。本文将对维生素D免疫调节研究进展以及维生素D在自身免疫性内分泌疾病(自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、1型糖尿病、Addison’s病)发病机制中的作用进行综述。
