中国南方红壤丘陵区是非常脆弱的生态系统之一,红色荒漠化现象非常严重。本研究以红壤丘陵区典型区域———长沙市为例,首先探讨了SEIM(Soil Erosion Index Model)模型的基本结构以及相对应的各个参数的取值;然后在地理信息系统的支持下...中国南方红壤丘陵区是非常脆弱的生态系统之一,红色荒漠化现象非常严重。本研究以红壤丘陵区典型区域———长沙市为例,首先探讨了SEIM(Soil Erosion Index Model)模型的基本结构以及相对应的各个参数的取值;然后在地理信息系统的支持下,利用SEIM模型,研究了红壤丘陵区的水土流失现状特征及动态变化,并对产生变化的原因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,SEIM模型的预测结果基本上能够反映红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀现状的总体趋势;而红壤丘陵区水土流失现状研究表明,红壤丘陵区总体的水土流失量较小,轻度和微度侵蚀面积达到95%以上,中度以上侵蚀范围不到5%。红壤丘陵区的动态分析结果表明,从1986年到2000年,红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀程度总体上来讲在逐步减弱,而局部地方,由于人类活动导致的土地利用方式的不合理,土壤侵蚀比较严重。展开更多
As an essential component of proteins and genetic material for all organisms, nitrogen(N) is one of the major limiting factors that control the dynamics, biodiversity and functioning of lacustrine wetlands, in which i...As an essential component of proteins and genetic material for all organisms, nitrogen(N) is one of the major limiting factors that control the dynamics, biodiversity and functioning of lacustrine wetlands, in which intensified N biogeochemical activities take place. Reactive N loaded into wetland ecosystems has been doubled due to various human activities, including industrial, agricultural activities and urbanization. The main driving mechanisms of N transport and transformation in lacustrine wetlands are categorized to pushing forces and pulling forces in this study. Geomorphology, wetland age, N concentrations, and temperature are the main pushing forces(passive forces); whereas water table variation, oxygen concentration, other elements availability, oxidation-reduction potential(Eh) and p H, and microorganisms are the predominant pulling forces(active forces). The direction and kinetic energy of reactions are determined by pulling forces and then are stimulated by pushing forces. These two types of forces are analyzed and discussed separately. Based on the analysis of driving mechanisms, possible solutions to wetland N pollutions are proposed at individual, regional and global scales, respectively. Additional research needs are addressed to obtain a thorough understanding of N transport and transformations in wetlands and to reduce detrimental impacts of excessive N on such fragile ecosystems.展开更多
文摘中国南方红壤丘陵区是非常脆弱的生态系统之一,红色荒漠化现象非常严重。本研究以红壤丘陵区典型区域———长沙市为例,首先探讨了SEIM(Soil Erosion Index Model)模型的基本结构以及相对应的各个参数的取值;然后在地理信息系统的支持下,利用SEIM模型,研究了红壤丘陵区的水土流失现状特征及动态变化,并对产生变化的原因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,SEIM模型的预测结果基本上能够反映红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀现状的总体趋势;而红壤丘陵区水土流失现状研究表明,红壤丘陵区总体的水土流失量较小,轻度和微度侵蚀面积达到95%以上,中度以上侵蚀范围不到5%。红壤丘陵区的动态分析结果表明,从1986年到2000年,红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀程度总体上来讲在逐步减弱,而局部地方,由于人类活动导致的土地利用方式的不合理,土壤侵蚀比较严重。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41272249)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20110072110020)
文摘As an essential component of proteins and genetic material for all organisms, nitrogen(N) is one of the major limiting factors that control the dynamics, biodiversity and functioning of lacustrine wetlands, in which intensified N biogeochemical activities take place. Reactive N loaded into wetland ecosystems has been doubled due to various human activities, including industrial, agricultural activities and urbanization. The main driving mechanisms of N transport and transformation in lacustrine wetlands are categorized to pushing forces and pulling forces in this study. Geomorphology, wetland age, N concentrations, and temperature are the main pushing forces(passive forces); whereas water table variation, oxygen concentration, other elements availability, oxidation-reduction potential(Eh) and p H, and microorganisms are the predominant pulling forces(active forces). The direction and kinetic energy of reactions are determined by pulling forces and then are stimulated by pushing forces. These two types of forces are analyzed and discussed separately. Based on the analysis of driving mechanisms, possible solutions to wetland N pollutions are proposed at individual, regional and global scales, respectively. Additional research needs are addressed to obtain a thorough understanding of N transport and transformations in wetlands and to reduce detrimental impacts of excessive N on such fragile ecosystems.
