Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in particular Crohn's disease refractory to conventional therapy, fistulizing Crohn's disease and chronic active ulcerative colitis, generally respond well to anti-tumor necro...Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in particular Crohn's disease refractory to conventional therapy, fistulizing Crohn's disease and chronic active ulcerative colitis, generally respond well to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. However, serious side effects do occur, necessitating careful monitoring of therapy. Potential side effects of anti-TNF therapy include opportunistic infections, which show a higher incidence when concomitant immunosuppression is used. Furthermore, antibody formation against anti-TNF is associated with decreased efficacy and an increased frequency of infusion reactions. The hypothesis of a slightly increased risk of lymphomas in IBD patients treated with anti TNF-therapy is debatable, since most studies lack the specific design to properly address this issue. Alarmingly, the occurrence of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas coincides with combined immunosuppressive therapy. Despite the potential serious side effects, anti-TNF therapy is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for refractory IBD. Future research is needed to answer important questions, such as the long-term risk of malignancies, safety during pregnancy, when to discontinue and when to switch anti-TNF therapy, as well as to determine the balance between therapeutic and toxic effects.展开更多
目的探讨肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤(hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma,HSTCL)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集6例HSTCL的临床病理资料,采用免疫组化EnVision法染色,应用EBER原位杂交法检测EB病毒的感染,并复习相关文献。结果...目的探讨肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤(hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma,HSTCL)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集6例HSTCL的临床病理资料,采用免疫组化EnVision法染色,应用EBER原位杂交法检测EB病毒的感染,并复习相关文献。结果6例患者均表现为间歇性高热(3周~2个月)、脾肿大、三系下降;均无免疫抑制状态;3例肝肿大伴肝酶增高,4例伴胸腹腔内淋巴结轻度增大,脾脏平均最大径22 cm。镜下均为明显扩张充血的髓窦索,4例散在单个或小簇状分布、略多形性的中~大异型淋巴样细胞,2例为弥漫分布、较一致的中等大小淋巴样细胞,均可见组织细胞吞噬红细胞现象。1例累及脾门淋巴结,肿瘤浸润在淋巴窦内。免疫表型:6例CD3、CD56均阳性,5例CD4/CD8均阴性,5例伴有Granzyme B/TIA-1/Perforin等细胞毒标记至少一项阳性,2例CD30阳性,Ki-67增殖指数为40%~80%。EBER原位杂交检测均阴性(5/5)。4例行骨髓活检,其中3例骨髓累及,2例间质浸润,1例血窦浸润。5例患者术后辅以化疗,4例于术后22天~33个月死亡。结论HSTCL肿瘤分布于脾脏红髓,表达细胞毒标记和CD56,与EB病毒感染无相关性;诊断需结合临床表现、病理学特征、免疫表型和分子检测综合判断。展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in particular Crohn's disease refractory to conventional therapy, fistulizing Crohn's disease and chronic active ulcerative colitis, generally respond well to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. However, serious side effects do occur, necessitating careful monitoring of therapy. Potential side effects of anti-TNF therapy include opportunistic infections, which show a higher incidence when concomitant immunosuppression is used. Furthermore, antibody formation against anti-TNF is associated with decreased efficacy and an increased frequency of infusion reactions. The hypothesis of a slightly increased risk of lymphomas in IBD patients treated with anti TNF-therapy is debatable, since most studies lack the specific design to properly address this issue. Alarmingly, the occurrence of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas coincides with combined immunosuppressive therapy. Despite the potential serious side effects, anti-TNF therapy is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for refractory IBD. Future research is needed to answer important questions, such as the long-term risk of malignancies, safety during pregnancy, when to discontinue and when to switch anti-TNF therapy, as well as to determine the balance between therapeutic and toxic effects.
