Biosorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by live and heat-killed Phanerochaete chrysosporium are investigated to elucidate the bio-dissipation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a...Biosorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by live and heat-killed Phanerochaete chrysosporium are investigated to elucidate the bio-dissipation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in aqueous solution and its regulating factors.The effects of nutrient conditions(carbon source and nitrogen source concentrations),the co-existing Cu 2+,and repeated-batch feed of PAHs on the biosorption and biodegradation are systematically studied.The removal of PAHs by dead bodies of P.chrysosporium is attributed to biosorption only,and the respective partition coefficients of phenanthrene and pyrene are 4040 and 17500 L/kg.Both biosorption and biodegradation contribute to the dissipation of PAHs by live P.chrysosporium in water.After a 3-d incubation,the removal percentage via biosorption are 19.71% and 52.21% for phenanthrene and pyrene,respectively.With the increase of the incubation time(3 40 d),biodegradation gradually increases from 20.40% to 60.62% for phenanthrene,and from 15.55% to 49.21% for pyrene.Correspondingly,the stored-PAHs in the fungal bodies decrease.Under the carbon-rich and nitrogen-limit nutrient conditions,the removal efficiency and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene are significantly promoted,i.e.99.55% and 92.77% for phenanthrene,and 99.47% and 83.97% for pyrene after a 60-d incubation.This phenomenon is ascribed to enhanced-biosorption due to the increase of fungal biomass under carbon-rich condition,and to stimulated-biodegradation under nitrogen-limit condition.For the repeated-batch feed of phenanthrene,the pollutant is continuously removed by live P.chrysosporium,and the contribution of biodegradation is enhanced with the repeated cycles.After 3 cycles,the biodegradation percentage is up to 90% with each cycle of a 6-d incubation.展开更多
We discuss the warm inflation in the presence of standard scalar field model and modified Chaplyggin gas in brahe-world scenario. We consider weak and strong dissipative regimes with generalized dissipative coefficien...We discuss the warm inflation in the presence of standard scalar field model and modified Chaplyggin gas in brahe-world scenario. We consider weak and strong dissipative regimes with generalized dissipative coefficient. We extract various inflationary parameters. For example, we analyze the behavior of different ratios （ratio of dissipative co-efficient and Hubble parameter Г/3H, ratio of temperature and Hubble parameter T/ H, scalar-to-tensor ratio ＇r） with respect to spectral index ns for the weak and strong dissipative regimes through parametric plotting. It is found that T/H and Г/3H satisfied the required conditions in both dissipative regimes. It is also noted that the spectral index （ns） ns=0.96＋0.10-0.10 It is remarked here that our results are consistence with observational data WMAP7, WMAP9, and recent Planck data.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071210)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA06A203)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (R5100105)
文摘Biosorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by live and heat-killed Phanerochaete chrysosporium are investigated to elucidate the bio-dissipation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in aqueous solution and its regulating factors.The effects of nutrient conditions(carbon source and nitrogen source concentrations),the co-existing Cu 2+,and repeated-batch feed of PAHs on the biosorption and biodegradation are systematically studied.The removal of PAHs by dead bodies of P.chrysosporium is attributed to biosorption only,and the respective partition coefficients of phenanthrene and pyrene are 4040 and 17500 L/kg.Both biosorption and biodegradation contribute to the dissipation of PAHs by live P.chrysosporium in water.After a 3-d incubation,the removal percentage via biosorption are 19.71% and 52.21% for phenanthrene and pyrene,respectively.With the increase of the incubation time(3 40 d),biodegradation gradually increases from 20.40% to 60.62% for phenanthrene,and from 15.55% to 49.21% for pyrene.Correspondingly,the stored-PAHs in the fungal bodies decrease.Under the carbon-rich and nitrogen-limit nutrient conditions,the removal efficiency and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene are significantly promoted,i.e.99.55% and 92.77% for phenanthrene,and 99.47% and 83.97% for pyrene after a 60-d incubation.This phenomenon is ascribed to enhanced-biosorption due to the increase of fungal biomass under carbon-rich condition,and to stimulated-biodegradation under nitrogen-limit condition.For the repeated-batch feed of phenanthrene,the pollutant is continuously removed by live P.chrysosporium,and the contribution of biodegradation is enhanced with the repeated cycles.After 3 cycles,the biodegradation percentage is up to 90% with each cycle of a 6-d incubation.
文摘We discuss the warm inflation in the presence of standard scalar field model and modified Chaplyggin gas in brahe-world scenario. We consider weak and strong dissipative regimes with generalized dissipative coefficient. We extract various inflationary parameters. For example, we analyze the behavior of different ratios （ratio of dissipative co-efficient and Hubble parameter Г/3H, ratio of temperature and Hubble parameter T/ H, scalar-to-tensor ratio ＇r） with respect to spectral index ns for the weak and strong dissipative regimes through parametric plotting. It is found that T/H and Г/3H satisfied the required conditions in both dissipative regimes. It is also noted that the spectral index （ns） ns=0.96＋0.10-0.10 It is remarked here that our results are consistence with observational data WMAP7, WMAP9, and recent Planck data.
