Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling is tightly regulated to ensure its proper physiological functions in different cells and tissues. Like other cell surface receptors, TGF-β receptors are internalized...Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling is tightly regulated to ensure its proper physiological functions in different cells and tissues. Like other cell surface receptors, TGF-β receptors are internalized into the cell, and this process plays an important regulatory role in TGF-β signaling. It is well documented that TGF-β receptors are endocytosed via clathrin-coated vesicles as TGF-β endocytosis can be blocked by potassium depletion and the GTPasedeficient dynamin K44A mutant. TGF-β receptors may also enter cells via cholesterol-rich membrane microdomain lipid rafts/caveolae and are found in caveolin-l-positive vesicles. Although receptor endocytosis is not essential for TGF-β signaling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been shown to promote TGF-β-induced Smad activation and transcriptional responses. Lipid rafts/caveolae are widely regarded as signaling centers for G protein-coupled recep- tors and tyrosine kinase receptors, but they are indicated to facilitate the degradation of TGF-β receptors and there- fore turnoff of TGF-β signaling. This review summarizes current understanding of TGF-β receptor endocytosis, the possible mechanisms underlying this process, and the role of endocytosis in modulation of TGF-β signaling.展开更多
目的:初步研究肠道病毒71型(enterovirus type 71,EV71)入侵人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞的机制。方法:将临床EV71分离株接种于人横纹肌肉瘤(rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)细胞,扩增和纯化病毒;MTT法检测不同病毒胞吞途径阻断剂对SKN-SH细胞生长...目的:初步研究肠道病毒71型(enterovirus type 71,EV71)入侵人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞的机制。方法:将临床EV71分离株接种于人横纹肌肉瘤(rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)细胞,扩增和纯化病毒;MTT法检测不同病毒胞吞途径阻断剂对SKN-SH细胞生长抑制作用;用特异性的化学阻断剂预处理靶细胞后,Taq Man real-time PCR验证其对EV71 m RNA表达的影响。结果:RD细胞能够成功扩增出EV71病毒,病毒滴度为1×105 TCID50。随着药物浓度梯度的增加,SK-N-SH细胞的生长增殖受到抑制。Taq Man荧光定量RT-PCR结果显示氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine,CPZ)能够抑制EV71 m RNA的表达(Ρ<0.05),制霉菌素(nystatin,NT)对其影响不大(Ρ>0.05)。结论:初步推测EV71入侵SK-N-SH细胞是通过网格蛋白依赖性的内吞作用入胞。展开更多
基金The work in Ye-Guang Chen＇s laboratory is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30430360, 30671033） and the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China 973 Program （2004CB720002, 2006CB943401, 2006CB910102） and 863 Program （2006AA02Z 172）.
文摘Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling is tightly regulated to ensure its proper physiological functions in different cells and tissues. Like other cell surface receptors, TGF-β receptors are internalized into the cell, and this process plays an important regulatory role in TGF-β signaling. It is well documented that TGF-β receptors are endocytosed via clathrin-coated vesicles as TGF-β endocytosis can be blocked by potassium depletion and the GTPasedeficient dynamin K44A mutant. TGF-β receptors may also enter cells via cholesterol-rich membrane microdomain lipid rafts/caveolae and are found in caveolin-l-positive vesicles. Although receptor endocytosis is not essential for TGF-β signaling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been shown to promote TGF-β-induced Smad activation and transcriptional responses. Lipid rafts/caveolae are widely regarded as signaling centers for G protein-coupled recep- tors and tyrosine kinase receptors, but they are indicated to facilitate the degradation of TGF-β receptors and there- fore turnoff of TGF-β signaling. This review summarizes current understanding of TGF-β receptor endocytosis, the possible mechanisms underlying this process, and the role of endocytosis in modulation of TGF-β signaling.
文摘目的:初步研究肠道病毒71型(enterovirus type 71,EV71)入侵人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞的机制。方法:将临床EV71分离株接种于人横纹肌肉瘤(rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)细胞,扩增和纯化病毒;MTT法检测不同病毒胞吞途径阻断剂对SKN-SH细胞生长抑制作用;用特异性的化学阻断剂预处理靶细胞后,Taq Man real-time PCR验证其对EV71 m RNA表达的影响。结果:RD细胞能够成功扩增出EV71病毒,病毒滴度为1×105 TCID50。随着药物浓度梯度的增加,SK-N-SH细胞的生长增殖受到抑制。Taq Man荧光定量RT-PCR结果显示氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine,CPZ)能够抑制EV71 m RNA的表达(Ρ<0.05),制霉菌素(nystatin,NT)对其影响不大(Ρ>0.05)。结论:初步推测EV71入侵SK-N-SH细胞是通过网格蛋白依赖性的内吞作用入胞。
