The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve...The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve as a nexus for signal transduction and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. In this review, we highlight the known characteristics and components of the p38 pathway along with the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation. We focus on the role of p38 as a signal transduction mediator and examine the evidence linking p38 to inflammation, cell cycle, cell death, development, cell differentiation, senescence and tumorigenesis in specific cell types. Upstream and downstream components of p38 are described and questions remaining to be answered are posed. Finally, we propose several directions for future research on p38.展开更多
The highly conserved Wnt secreted proteins are critical mediators of cell-to-cell signaling during development of animals. Recent biochemical and genetic analyses have led to significant insight into understanding how...The highly conserved Wnt secreted proteins are critical mediators of cell-to-cell signaling during development of animals. Recent biochemical and genetic analyses have led to significant insight into understanding how Wnt signals work. The catalogue of Wnt signaling components has exploded. We now realize that multiple extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear components modulate Wnt signaling. Moreover, receptor-ligand specificity and multiple feedback loops determine Wnt signaling outputs. It is also clear that Wnt signals are required for adult tissue maintenance. Perturbations in Wnt signaling cause human degenerative diseases as well as cancer.展开更多
JNK is a key regulator of many cellular events, including programmed cell death (apoptosis). In the absence of NF- κB activation, prolonged JNK activation contributes to TNF-α induced apoptosis. JNK is also essentia...JNK is a key regulator of many cellular events, including programmed cell death (apoptosis). In the absence of NF- κB activation, prolonged JNK activation contributes to TNF-α induced apoptosis. JNK is also essential for UV induced apoptosis. However, recent studies reveal that JNK can suppress apoptosis in IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells via phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BAD. Thus, JNK has pro- or antiapoptotic functions, depend- ing on cell type, nature of the death stimulus, duration of its activation and the activity of other signaling pathways.展开更多
Janus激酶/信号转导与转录激活子(The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-scriptions,JAK/STAT)信号通路是是众多细胞因子信号转导的共同途径,广泛参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡以及炎症等过程,可以通过负调节因子、与...Janus激酶/信号转导与转录激活子(The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-scriptions,JAK/STAT)信号通路是是众多细胞因子信号转导的共同途径,广泛参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡以及炎症等过程,可以通过负调节因子、与其他信号通路相互作用、STATs共价修饰等多种途径进行调节。JAK/STAT通路的激活促进各种疾病的发生发展,包括各种实体肿瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病以及炎症性疾病等疾病,针对JAK/STAT信号通路的靶向治疗是目前的热点,本文主要就JAK/STAT信号通路调节机制及针对此通路的靶向治疗的相关进展做一综述。展开更多
Proteins like Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) that serve as modulators of signaling pathways, either by promoting or inhibiting the formation of productive signaling complexes through protein-protein interactions...Proteins like Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) that serve as modulators of signaling pathways, either by promoting or inhibiting the formation of productive signaling complexes through protein-protein interactions, have been demon- strated to play an increasingly important role in a number of cell types and organisms. These proteins have been implicated in development as well as the progression of cancer. RKIP is a particularly interesting regulator, as it is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein that has been shown to play a role in growth and differentiation in a number of organisms and can regulate multiple signaling pathways. RKIP is also the first MAP kinase signaling modulator to be identified as playing a role in cancer metastasis, and identification of the mechanism by which it regulates Raf-1 activation provides new targets for therapeutic intervention.展开更多
文摘The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve as a nexus for signal transduction and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. In this review, we highlight the known characteristics and components of the p38 pathway along with the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation. We focus on the role of p38 as a signal transduction mediator and examine the evidence linking p38 to inflammation, cell cycle, cell death, development, cell differentiation, senescence and tumorigenesis in specific cell types. Upstream and downstream components of p38 are described and questions remaining to be answered are posed. Finally, we propose several directions for future research on p38.
文摘The highly conserved Wnt secreted proteins are critical mediators of cell-to-cell signaling during development of animals. Recent biochemical and genetic analyses have led to significant insight into understanding how Wnt signals work. The catalogue of Wnt signaling components has exploded. We now realize that multiple extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear components modulate Wnt signaling. Moreover, receptor-ligand specificity and multiple feedback loops determine Wnt signaling outputs. It is also clear that Wnt signals are required for adult tissue maintenance. Perturbations in Wnt signaling cause human degenerative diseases as well as cancer.
文摘JNK is a key regulator of many cellular events, including programmed cell death (apoptosis). In the absence of NF- κB activation, prolonged JNK activation contributes to TNF-α induced apoptosis. JNK is also essential for UV induced apoptosis. However, recent studies reveal that JNK can suppress apoptosis in IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells via phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BAD. Thus, JNK has pro- or antiapoptotic functions, depend- ing on cell type, nature of the death stimulus, duration of its activation and the activity of other signaling pathways.
文摘Janus激酶/信号转导与转录激活子(The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-scriptions,JAK/STAT)信号通路是是众多细胞因子信号转导的共同途径,广泛参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡以及炎症等过程,可以通过负调节因子、与其他信号通路相互作用、STATs共价修饰等多种途径进行调节。JAK/STAT通路的激活促进各种疾病的发生发展,包括各种实体肿瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病以及炎症性疾病等疾病,针对JAK/STAT信号通路的靶向治疗是目前的热点,本文主要就JAK/STAT信号通路调节机制及针对此通路的靶向治疗的相关进展做一综述。
文摘Proteins like Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) that serve as modulators of signaling pathways, either by promoting or inhibiting the formation of productive signaling complexes through protein-protein interactions, have been demon- strated to play an increasingly important role in a number of cell types and organisms. These proteins have been implicated in development as well as the progression of cancer. RKIP is a particularly interesting regulator, as it is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein that has been shown to play a role in growth and differentiation in a number of organisms and can regulate multiple signaling pathways. RKIP is also the first MAP kinase signaling modulator to be identified as playing a role in cancer metastasis, and identification of the mechanism by which it regulates Raf-1 activation provides new targets for therapeutic intervention.
