2020年国际疼痛学会对"疼痛"(Pain)定义进行了修改。新版疼痛定义英文原文为:"Pain:An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissu...2020年国际疼痛学会对"疼痛"(Pain)定义进行了修改。新版疼痛定义英文原文为:"Pain:An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage"。中文定义译为"疼痛是一种与实际或潜在的组织损伤相关的不愉快的感觉和情绪情感体验,或与此相似的经历"。本文对疼痛的新定义及六条附加说明进行翻译,并重点讨论其中的几个关键问题。展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have great potential for treating various diseases, especially those related to tissue damage involving immune reactions. Various studies have demonstrated that MSCs are strongly immuno...Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have great potential for treating various diseases, especially those related to tissue damage involving immune reactions. Various studies have demonstrated that MSCs are strongly immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo. Our recent studies have shown that un-stimulated MSCs are indeed incapable of immunosuppression; they become potently immunosuppressive upon stimulation with the supernatant of activated lymphocytes, or with combinations of IFN-γ, with TNF-α, IL-1α or IL-1β. This observation revealed that under certain circumstances, inflammatory cytokines can actually become immunosuppressive. We showed that there is a species variation in the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression： immunosuppression by cytokine-primed mouse MSCs is mediated by nitric oxide （NO）, whereas immunosuppression by cytokine-primed human MSCs is executed through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase （IDO）. Additionally, upon stimulation with the inflammatory cytokines, both mouse and human MSCs secrete several leukocyte chemokines that apparently serve to attract immune cells into the proximity with MSCs, where NO or IDO is predicted to be most active. Therefore, immunosuppression by inflammatory cytokine-stimulated MSCs occurs via the concerted action of chemokines and immune-inhibitory NO or IDO produced by MSCs. Thus, our results provide novel information about the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression and for better application of MSCs in treating tissue injuries induced by immune responses.展开更多
1.前言
1979年,国际疼痛研究学会（IASP）将疼痛定义为＂An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage,or described in terms of such damage＂。
文摘2020年国际疼痛学会对"疼痛"(Pain)定义进行了修改。新版疼痛定义英文原文为:"Pain:An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage"。中文定义译为"疼痛是一种与实际或潜在的组织损伤相关的不愉快的感觉和情绪情感体验,或与此相似的经历"。本文对疼痛的新定义及六条附加说明进行翻译,并重点讨论其中的几个关键问题。
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have great potential for treating various diseases, especially those related to tissue damage involving immune reactions. Various studies have demonstrated that MSCs are strongly immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo. Our recent studies have shown that un-stimulated MSCs are indeed incapable of immunosuppression; they become potently immunosuppressive upon stimulation with the supernatant of activated lymphocytes, or with combinations of IFN-γ, with TNF-α, IL-1α or IL-1β. This observation revealed that under certain circumstances, inflammatory cytokines can actually become immunosuppressive. We showed that there is a species variation in the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression： immunosuppression by cytokine-primed mouse MSCs is mediated by nitric oxide （NO）, whereas immunosuppression by cytokine-primed human MSCs is executed through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase （IDO）. Additionally, upon stimulation with the inflammatory cytokines, both mouse and human MSCs secrete several leukocyte chemokines that apparently serve to attract immune cells into the proximity with MSCs, where NO or IDO is predicted to be most active. Therefore, immunosuppression by inflammatory cytokine-stimulated MSCs occurs via the concerted action of chemokines and immune-inhibitory NO or IDO produced by MSCs. Thus, our results provide novel information about the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression and for better application of MSCs in treating tissue injuries induced by immune responses.
文摘1.前言
1979年,国际疼痛研究学会（IASP）将疼痛定义为＂An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage,or described in terms of such damage＂。
