新陈代谢是生物的基本生理过程。生态学代谢理论(metabolic theory of ecology)基于生物个体大小和环境温度对个体新陈代谢过程的影响,使用尺度推移(scaling)的方法来解释多种生态学格局和过程。James Borwn等将这一理论用于解释物种多...新陈代谢是生物的基本生理过程。生态学代谢理论(metabolic theory of ecology)基于生物个体大小和环境温度对个体新陈代谢过程的影响,使用尺度推移(scaling)的方法来解释多种生态学格局和过程。James Borwn等将这一理论用于解释物种多样性的大尺度格局,并从机制上解释了物种多样性与环境温度的关系。这一理论提出了两个明确的预测:(1)物种多样性的对数与绝对温度的倒数之间呈线性关系;(2)这一线性关系的斜率为–0.6至–0.7。这一理论自提出以来,饱受争议,经过了正反两方面经验数据的检验,目前仍未形成一致的结论。虽然这一理论仍面临着一些有待解决的问题,但它以崭新的思路和方法有别于以往的基于统计学方法的研究。人们过去对该理论的实证检验忽略了两个重要的约束条件,即除温度以外的环境条件处于理想状态和群落处于平衡状态,而这两个约束条件是理解该理论的基础。本文对生态学代谢理论的理论框架、预测和含义,以及以往的检验结果进行阐述,在此基础上提出了作者对该理论的若干认识和未来研究中应考虑的若干问题。展开更多
In this study,the distribution pattern of meiofauna from nine sandy beaches at six latitudinal gradients along Chinese coast between 18 and 40?N was studied on their meiofauna abundance to examine the effect of latitu...In this study,the distribution pattern of meiofauna from nine sandy beaches at six latitudinal gradients along Chinese coast between 18 and 40?N was studied on their meiofauna abundance to examine the effect of latitudinal gradients.In general,meiofauna abundance was lower in four subtropical beaches in Xiamen(24?N) and Zhoushan(29?N) than that in other beaches.Meiofauna abundance differed little between tropical and temperate beaches.The taxonomic structure of meiofauna showed a dominance of nematode in colder area.The relative composition of turbellarians and polychaetes increased in warmer area.In addition to latitudinal gradient,salinity,oxygenation,sediment grain size affect also the meiofauna latitudinal distribution.As for horizontal distribution,the highest meiofauna abundance was found in low tidal zone at tropical beaches,and in middle tidal zone at temperate beaches.The horizontal distribution of meiofauna was controlled by both physical and biotic factors including feeding and anthropogenic activities.Although meiofauna abundance exhibited a horizontal difference,the composition of meiofaunal main taxa was unanimous horizontally at all beaches at the same sampling latitude.展开更多
文摘新陈代谢是生物的基本生理过程。生态学代谢理论(metabolic theory of ecology)基于生物个体大小和环境温度对个体新陈代谢过程的影响,使用尺度推移(scaling)的方法来解释多种生态学格局和过程。James Borwn等将这一理论用于解释物种多样性的大尺度格局,并从机制上解释了物种多样性与环境温度的关系。这一理论提出了两个明确的预测:(1)物种多样性的对数与绝对温度的倒数之间呈线性关系;(2)这一线性关系的斜率为–0.6至–0.7。这一理论自提出以来,饱受争议,经过了正反两方面经验数据的检验,目前仍未形成一致的结论。虽然这一理论仍面临着一些有待解决的问题,但它以崭新的思路和方法有别于以往的基于统计学方法的研究。人们过去对该理论的实证检验忽略了两个重要的约束条件,即除温度以外的环境条件处于理想状态和群落处于平衡状态,而这两个约束条件是理解该理论的基础。本文对生态学代谢理论的理论框架、预测和含义,以及以往的检验结果进行阐述,在此基础上提出了作者对该理论的若干认识和未来研究中应考虑的若干问题。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40906063,40730847,41106122,and 41076090)
文摘In this study,the distribution pattern of meiofauna from nine sandy beaches at six latitudinal gradients along Chinese coast between 18 and 40?N was studied on their meiofauna abundance to examine the effect of latitudinal gradients.In general,meiofauna abundance was lower in four subtropical beaches in Xiamen(24?N) and Zhoushan(29?N) than that in other beaches.Meiofauna abundance differed little between tropical and temperate beaches.The taxonomic structure of meiofauna showed a dominance of nematode in colder area.The relative composition of turbellarians and polychaetes increased in warmer area.In addition to latitudinal gradient,salinity,oxygenation,sediment grain size affect also the meiofauna latitudinal distribution.As for horizontal distribution,the highest meiofauna abundance was found in low tidal zone at tropical beaches,and in middle tidal zone at temperate beaches.The horizontal distribution of meiofauna was controlled by both physical and biotic factors including feeding and anthropogenic activities.Although meiofauna abundance exhibited a horizontal difference,the composition of meiofaunal main taxa was unanimous horizontally at all beaches at the same sampling latitude.
