Trauma is a life-threatening ＂modern disease＂. The outcomes could only be optimized by cost-efficient and prompt trauma care, which embarks on the improvement of essential capacities and conceptual revolution in add...Trauma is a life-threatening ＂modern disease＂. The outcomes could only be optimized by cost-efficient and prompt trauma care, which embarks on the improvement of essential capacities and conceptual revolution in addition to the disruptive innovation of the trauma care system. According to experiences from the developed countries, systematic trauma care training is the cornerstone of the generalization and the improvement on the trauma care, such as the Advance Trauma Life Support （ATLS）. Currently, the pre-hospital emergency medical services （EMS） has been one of the essential elements of infrastructure of health services in China, which is also fundamental to the trauma care system. Hereby, the China Trauma Care Training （CTCT） with independent intellectual property rights has been initiated and launched by the Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association to extend the up-to-date concepts and techniques in the field of trauma care as well to reinforce the generally well-accepted standardized protocols in the practices. This article reviews the current status of the trauma care system as well as the trauma care training.展开更多
High frequency(HF) communication, commonly covering frequency range between 3 and 30 MHz, is an important wireless communication paradigm to offer over-thehorizon or even global communications with ranges up to thousa...High frequency(HF) communication, commonly covering frequency range between 3 and 30 MHz, is an important wireless communication paradigm to offer over-thehorizon or even global communications with ranges up to thousands of kilometers via skywave propagation with ionospheric refraction. It has widespread applications in fields such as emergency communications in disaster areas, remote communications with aircrafts or ships and non-light-of-the-sight military operations. This tutorial article overviews the history of HF communication, demystifies the recent advances, and provides a preview of the next few years, which the authors believe will see fruitful outputs towards wideband, intelligent and integrated HF communications. Specifically, we first present brief preliminaries on the unique features of HF communications to facilitate general readers in the communication community. Then, we provide a historical review to show the technical evolution on the three generations of HF communication systems. Further, we highlight the key challenges and research directions. We hope that this article will stimulate more interests in addressing the technical challenges on the research and development of future HF radio communication systems.展开更多
Natural disaster or large-scale unexpected events easily make the terrestrial network overloaded,paralyzed, or totally destroyed. It is highly demanded to build an emergency network which can be deployed rapidly, offe...Natural disaster or large-scale unexpected events easily make the terrestrial network overloaded,paralyzed, or totally destroyed. It is highly demanded to build an emergency network which can be deployed rapidly, offer high data rate and wide coverage. The emergence of aerial platforms especially the low altitude platforms(LAPs) indicates a stable and reliable direction for the development of emergency network. Hybrid satellite-aerial-terrestrial(HSAT) networks have the ability to provide effective services rather than traditional infrastructures during the emergency situation. In this paper, the aerial platforms and the HSAT networks are surveyed and the key technologies are discussed from several aspects. The challenges of the HSAT networks are also outlined finally.展开更多
As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the...As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the ＂Golden Stan- dard＂ of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coor- dination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.展开更多
Due to frequent drinking water pollution accidents in the past decade, it is common that mountain reservoirs were used as the source of drinking water in China. However, some coastal areas frequently suffer from typho...Due to frequent drinking water pollution accidents in the past decade, it is common that mountain reservoirs were used as the source of drinking water in China. However, some coastal areas frequently suffer from typhoon with extreme precipitation, which results in the water quality deterioration of the reservoirs. The influence of typhoons with extreme precipitation on Jiaokou reservoir and the emergency treatment process of Maojiaping water treatment plant in the past three typical typhoons with extreme precipitation from the year of 2012-2015 were studied. It was found that the degradation of water quality, such as the increase of turbidity and bacteria index, may not merely appear during the events, but last for several days. Changing the dosage of water purification agent, such as coagulant and disinfectant at right time and place may be an efficient emergency water treatment process. Based on the analysis of water quality variation rule during and after the events, it was also found that emergency treatment can be fully prepared before the arrival of a typhoon with extreme precipitation. And in order to better respond to the typhoon with extreme precipitation, several suggestions are also proposed in this paper as follows: establishing vegetated buffers at right place, such as macrophanerophytes,shrub or herbage, increasing investments in infrastructure management, merging or cancelling the small-scale water treatment plants, preparing adequate water purification agent before the typhoon comes, etc.展开更多
The most commonly accepted system of classification for tibia plateau fractures is that of Schatzker. Increasingly, both high energy injuries and atypical osteoporotic fragility failures have led to more complex, unus...The most commonly accepted system of classification for tibia plateau fractures is that of Schatzker. Increasingly, both high energy injuries and atypical osteoporotic fragility failures have led to more complex, unusual and previously undescribed fracture patterns being recognized. We present a case of a patient with a previously unreported pattern of tibia plateau fracture and knee dislocation. We highlight the challenges confronted and present the management and the outcomes of his injury. A 28-year old male motorcyclist was involved in a head on collision with a truck and was transferred by helicopter to our level I major trauma centre emergency department. His injuries were a circumferential degloving injury to his left leg and a right lateral tibial plateau fracture/knee dislocation. The pattern of the lateral tibial plateau fracture was unique and did not fit any recognised classification system. The patient received a spanning external fixator initially and after latency of 12 days for soft tissue resuscitation he underwent definite fixation through an antero-lateral approach to the proximal tibia with two cannulated 6.5 mm partially threaded screws and an additional lateral proximal tibia plate in buttress mode. A hinged knee brace was applied with unrestricted range of motion post-operatively and free weight bearing were permitted post operatively. At the 6 months follow up, the patient walks without aids and with no limp. Examination revealed a stable joint and full range of motion. Plain radiographs revealed that the fracture healed with good alignment and the fixation remained stable. High energy injuries can lead to more complicated fracture patterns, which challenge the orthopaedic surgeons in their management. It is crucial to understand the individual fracture pattern and the possible challenges that may occur. This study reports a lateral tibia plateau fracture/dislocation which perhaps is best described as a reverse Schatzker IV type fracture.展开更多
文摘Trauma is a life-threatening ＂modern disease＂. The outcomes could only be optimized by cost-efficient and prompt trauma care, which embarks on the improvement of essential capacities and conceptual revolution in addition to the disruptive innovation of the trauma care system. According to experiences from the developed countries, systematic trauma care training is the cornerstone of the generalization and the improvement on the trauma care, such as the Advance Trauma Life Support （ATLS）. Currently, the pre-hospital emergency medical services （EMS） has been one of the essential elements of infrastructure of health services in China, which is also fundamental to the trauma care system. Hereby, the China Trauma Care Training （CTCT） with independent intellectual property rights has been initiated and launched by the Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association to extend the up-to-date concepts and techniques in the field of trauma care as well to reinforce the generally well-accepted standardized protocols in the practices. This article reviews the current status of the trauma care system as well as the trauma care training.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61501510)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20160034)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20150717)China Postdoctoral Science Funded Project (Grant No. 2018T110426)
文摘High frequency(HF) communication, commonly covering frequency range between 3 and 30 MHz, is an important wireless communication paradigm to offer over-thehorizon or even global communications with ranges up to thousands of kilometers via skywave propagation with ionospheric refraction. It has widespread applications in fields such as emergency communications in disaster areas, remote communications with aircrafts or ships and non-light-of-the-sight military operations. This tutorial article overviews the history of HF communication, demystifies the recent advances, and provides a preview of the next few years, which the authors believe will see fruitful outputs towards wideband, intelligent and integrated HF communications. Specifically, we first present brief preliminaries on the unique features of HF communications to facilitate general readers in the communication community. Then, we provide a historical review to show the technical evolution on the three generations of HF communication systems. Further, we highlight the key challenges and research directions. We hope that this article will stimulate more interests in addressing the technical challenges on the research and development of future HF radio communication systems.
基金supported by the National 863 Project under Grant No.2015AA015701National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61421061
文摘Natural disaster or large-scale unexpected events easily make the terrestrial network overloaded,paralyzed, or totally destroyed. It is highly demanded to build an emergency network which can be deployed rapidly, offer high data rate and wide coverage. The emergence of aerial platforms especially the low altitude platforms(LAPs) indicates a stable and reliable direction for the development of emergency network. Hybrid satellite-aerial-terrestrial(HSAT) networks have the ability to provide effective services rather than traditional infrastructures during the emergency situation. In this paper, the aerial platforms and the HSAT networks are surveyed and the key technologies are discussed from several aspects. The challenges of the HSAT networks are also outlined finally.
文摘As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the ＂Golden Stan- dard＂ of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coor- dination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant number 51438006)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Due to frequent drinking water pollution accidents in the past decade, it is common that mountain reservoirs were used as the source of drinking water in China. However, some coastal areas frequently suffer from typhoon with extreme precipitation, which results in the water quality deterioration of the reservoirs. The influence of typhoons with extreme precipitation on Jiaokou reservoir and the emergency treatment process of Maojiaping water treatment plant in the past three typical typhoons with extreme precipitation from the year of 2012-2015 were studied. It was found that the degradation of water quality, such as the increase of turbidity and bacteria index, may not merely appear during the events, but last for several days. Changing the dosage of water purification agent, such as coagulant and disinfectant at right time and place may be an efficient emergency water treatment process. Based on the analysis of water quality variation rule during and after the events, it was also found that emergency treatment can be fully prepared before the arrival of a typhoon with extreme precipitation. And in order to better respond to the typhoon with extreme precipitation, several suggestions are also proposed in this paper as follows: establishing vegetated buffers at right place, such as macrophanerophytes,shrub or herbage, increasing investments in infrastructure management, merging or cancelling the small-scale water treatment plants, preparing adequate water purification agent before the typhoon comes, etc.
文摘The most commonly accepted system of classification for tibia plateau fractures is that of Schatzker. Increasingly, both high energy injuries and atypical osteoporotic fragility failures have led to more complex, unusual and previously undescribed fracture patterns being recognized. We present a case of a patient with a previously unreported pattern of tibia plateau fracture and knee dislocation. We highlight the challenges confronted and present the management and the outcomes of his injury. A 28-year old male motorcyclist was involved in a head on collision with a truck and was transferred by helicopter to our level I major trauma centre emergency department. His injuries were a circumferential degloving injury to his left leg and a right lateral tibial plateau fracture/knee dislocation. The pattern of the lateral tibial plateau fracture was unique and did not fit any recognised classification system. The patient received a spanning external fixator initially and after latency of 12 days for soft tissue resuscitation he underwent definite fixation through an antero-lateral approach to the proximal tibia with two cannulated 6.5 mm partially threaded screws and an additional lateral proximal tibia plate in buttress mode. A hinged knee brace was applied with unrestricted range of motion post-operatively and free weight bearing were permitted post operatively. At the 6 months follow up, the patient walks without aids and with no limp. Examination revealed a stable joint and full range of motion. Plain radiographs revealed that the fracture healed with good alignment and the fixation remained stable. High energy injuries can lead to more complicated fracture patterns, which challenge the orthopaedic surgeons in their management. It is crucial to understand the individual fracture pattern and the possible challenges that may occur. This study reports a lateral tibia plateau fracture/dislocation which perhaps is best described as a reverse Schatzker IV type fracture.
