针对常规压裂液体系有机金属离子交联剂毒性较大且在碱性条件下不可避免的会对地层产生二次污染以及非金属离子交联剂形成的压裂液成胶速度慢且不抗剪切的问题,本文制备了由一种非金属离子交联体系形成的低毒性压裂液,通过对影响凝胶性...针对常规压裂液体系有机金属离子交联剂毒性较大且在碱性条件下不可避免的会对地层产生二次污染以及非金属离子交联剂形成的压裂液成胶速度慢且不抗剪切的问题,本文制备了由一种非金属离子交联体系形成的低毒性压裂液,通过对影响凝胶性能的主要因素进行分析得到了压裂液的最佳配方,并考察了压裂液的耐温抗剪切性能和破乳性能。实验结果表明:当稠化剂含量为0.075%、p H值调节剂0.015%、乙醇1%、促凝剂0.020%~0.025%、交联剂0.25%、氯化钾0~2%时,可制备出成胶时间短、耐温抗剪切性能和破胶性能优良的压裂液。该压裂液体系的成胶时间约为150 s左右,成胶后压裂液初始黏度为1529.0 m Pa·s,在100℃、170 s-1下剪切60、90、120 min后的黏度分别为259.9、197.4和166.8 m Pa·s;90℃下向压裂液中加入0.03%过硫酸钾破胶剂,3 h后完全破胶,破胶液清澈透明,黏度为1.07 m Pa·s。所研制的交联剂不含任何高价金属离子,减小了压裂液对地层的伤害。展开更多
In order to improve the substrate diffusion properties and stability of an immobilized enzyme alginate microgels modified with TiO2 nanoparticles were employed as the enzyme immobilizing support.Ionotropic gelation wa...In order to improve the substrate diffusion properties and stability of an immobilized enzyme alginate microgels modified with TiO2 nanoparticles were employed as the enzyme immobilizing support.Ionotropic gelation was applied for the preparation of hybrid gels while Ca2＋ Ce3＋ Ni2＋Cu2＋and Fe3＋were employed as the crosslinkers.Papain was selected as the model enzyme. UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to investigate the activity of papain to evaluate kinetics and stability.Analysis results show that the highest affinity the lowest Michaelis-Menten constant Km =11.0 mg/mL and the highest stability are obtained when using Cu2＋as the crosslinker.The effect of the mass ratio of TiO2 to papain on the stability and leakage of papain is also investigated and the results show that 10∶1 TiO2∶papain is optimal because the proper use of TiO2 can reduce enzyme leakage and ensure enzyme stability.Preparing Cu/alginate/TiO2 hybrid gels via ionotropic gelation can provide a satisfactory diffusion capability and enzyme stability.展开更多
文摘针对常规压裂液体系有机金属离子交联剂毒性较大且在碱性条件下不可避免的会对地层产生二次污染以及非金属离子交联剂形成的压裂液成胶速度慢且不抗剪切的问题,本文制备了由一种非金属离子交联体系形成的低毒性压裂液,通过对影响凝胶性能的主要因素进行分析得到了压裂液的最佳配方,并考察了压裂液的耐温抗剪切性能和破乳性能。实验结果表明:当稠化剂含量为0.075%、p H值调节剂0.015%、乙醇1%、促凝剂0.020%~0.025%、交联剂0.25%、氯化钾0~2%时,可制备出成胶时间短、耐温抗剪切性能和破胶性能优良的压裂液。该压裂液体系的成胶时间约为150 s左右,成胶后压裂液初始黏度为1529.0 m Pa·s,在100℃、170 s-1下剪切60、90、120 min后的黏度分别为259.9、197.4和166.8 m Pa·s;90℃下向压裂液中加入0.03%过硫酸钾破胶剂,3 h后完全破胶,破胶液清澈透明,黏度为1.07 m Pa·s。所研制的交联剂不含任何高价金属离子,减小了压裂液对地层的伤害。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21005016)the Foundation of Educational Commission of Jiangsu Province(No.JHB2011-2)
文摘In order to improve the substrate diffusion properties and stability of an immobilized enzyme alginate microgels modified with TiO2 nanoparticles were employed as the enzyme immobilizing support.Ionotropic gelation was applied for the preparation of hybrid gels while Ca2＋ Ce3＋ Ni2＋Cu2＋and Fe3＋were employed as the crosslinkers.Papain was selected as the model enzyme. UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to investigate the activity of papain to evaluate kinetics and stability.Analysis results show that the highest affinity the lowest Michaelis-Menten constant Km =11.0 mg/mL and the highest stability are obtained when using Cu2＋as the crosslinker.The effect of the mass ratio of TiO2 to papain on the stability and leakage of papain is also investigated and the results show that 10∶1 TiO2∶papain is optimal because the proper use of TiO2 can reduce enzyme leakage and ensure enzyme stability.Preparing Cu/alginate/TiO2 hybrid gels via ionotropic gelation can provide a satisfactory diffusion capability and enzyme stability.
