The research of city development started from the discussion about ”small county,big problem" in new period.The prophase of it focuses on the extroverted development of city,which pays more attention to urbaniza...The research of city development started from the discussion about ”small county,big problem" in new period.The prophase of it focuses on the extroverted development of city,which pays more attention to urbanization pattern;the anaphase of it emphasizes the internal development of city,which refers to some problems about self modernization of city,such as management system,organization structure,civil society and administration mode.The researchers’ perspective no longer lies on the way of rural population,but converts into the self development and self construction of modern city.Also,researchers not only describe the situations through social investigation,but attend and direct the practice,and they can get lots of first hand materials at the same time.The research of city development will concentrate on two aspects in future:1)city administration,survival emvironment,construction of democratic system in grass roots,and civil society;2)urbanization of rural area,city system,statue of big city,and sub urbanization.展开更多
文摘The research of city development started from the discussion about ”small county,big problem" in new period.The prophase of it focuses on the extroverted development of city,which pays more attention to urbanization pattern;the anaphase of it emphasizes the internal development of city,which refers to some problems about self modernization of city,such as management system,organization structure,civil society and administration mode.The researchers’ perspective no longer lies on the way of rural population,but converts into the self development and self construction of modern city.Also,researchers not only describe the situations through social investigation,but attend and direct the practice,and they can get lots of first hand materials at the same time.The research of city development will concentrate on two aspects in future:1)city administration,survival emvironment,construction of democratic system in grass roots,and civil society;2)urbanization of rural area,city system,statue of big city,and sub urbanization.
文摘前言 以社区为视角观察中国社会,曾经被早期社会人类学的中国学派当成方法论的立业之基。1935年,吴文藻先生曾说:“杜区”一词是英文community的译名。这是和“社会”相对而称的。我所要提出的新观点,即是从社区着眼,来观察社会,了解社会……社会是描述集合生活的抽象概念,是一切复杂的社会关系全部体系之总称。而社区乃是一地人民实际生活的具体表词,它有物质的基础,是可以观察到的。 五十年代以后,社区研究法被欧美汉学人类学界引以为方法论反思的对象。首先,一些学者对社区研究法提出批评,认为这种小型社群的实地考察不足以代表中国的大社会,之后,一大批从事中国社会具体研究的人类学者又以新的角度对汉人社区进行不同的论述。他们所力图回答的主要问题是:小地方的研究是否足以反映中国这样一个有国家的大社会的现实?这个问题的提出,对于汉学人类学(sinological an thropology)即中国社会人类学的发展至关重要。从吴文藻先生等前辈的角度看,社区无疑是田野调查的可观察单位,但是这种单位的“代表性”(representatiyeness)如何?社会人类学者怎样可以通过这种“简单的”小单位透视“复杂的”中国社会?则是从事中国社会研究的人类学者历来无法回避的大问题。
