We have successfully fabricated a hybrid silicon-carbon nanostructured composite with large area （about 25.5 in^2） in a simple fashion using a conventional sputtering system. When used as the anode in lithium ion ba...We have successfully fabricated a hybrid silicon-carbon nanostructured composite with large area （about 25.5 in^2） in a simple fashion using a conventional sputtering system. When used as the anode in lithium ion batteries, the uniformly deposited amorphous silicon （a-Si） works as the active material to store electrical energy, and the pre-coated carbon nanofibers （CNFs） serve as both the electron conducting pathway and a strain/stress relaxation layer for the sputtered a-Si layers during the intercalation process of lithium ions. As a result, the as-fabricated lithium ion batteries, with deposited a-Si thicknesses of 200 nm or 300 nm, not only exhibit a high specific capacity of 〉2000 mA.h/g, but also show a good capacity retention of over 80% and Coulombic efficiency of 〉98% after a large number of charge/discharge experiments. Our approach offers an efficient and scalable method to obtain silicon-carbon nanostructured composites for application in lithium ion batteries.展开更多
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have high mechanical properties and are considered a kind of realistic reinforcement for polymers, ceramics and metals. The hot press sintering and squeeze casting were adopted to s...Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have high mechanical properties and are considered a kind of realistic reinforcement for polymers, ceramics and metals. The hot press sintering and squeeze casting were adopted to synthesize MWNTs reinforced aluminum composites. In hot press sintered MWNTs/Al composites, MWNTs agglomerates distribute along aluminum powders and have low bonding strength with aluminum. But MWNTs agglomerates distribute evenly in the squeeze cast MWNTs/Al composites. Some dispersed nanotubes bond well with aluminum matrix and few dislocations can be found in the nanotube areas, which implies little thermal residual stress in squeeze cast MWNTs/Al composites. This indicates that the strengthen mechanisms in nanometer sized MWNTs/Al composites may be different from that in micrometer sized whisker composites.展开更多
Electrochemical codeposition and electrocatalytic properties of platinum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles(Pt-MoOx) on carbon-nanotubes/graphite electrode for methanol oxidation were investigated.The micrograph and e...Electrochemical codeposition and electrocatalytic properties of platinum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles(Pt-MoOx) on carbon-nanotubes/graphite electrode for methanol oxidation were investigated.The micrograph and elemental composition of the resulting Pt-MoOx/CNTs/graphite electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that the Pt-MoOx particles with the average size of about 50 nm are highly dispersed on the CNTs surface.The Pt-MoOx/CNTs/graphite electrode delivers excellent electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation.The highest mass activity(Am)reaches 264.8 A/g at the loading mass of 159.3μg/cm2.This may be attributed to the small particle size and high dispersion of Pt-MoOx catalysts deposited on the CNTs surface.The kinetic analysis from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)reveals that the existed MoOx phase can improve the chemisorptive and catalytic properties for methanol oxidation.展开更多
基金We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation （CCF 0726815 and CCF 0702204）.
文摘We have successfully fabricated a hybrid silicon-carbon nanostructured composite with large area （about 25.5 in^2） in a simple fashion using a conventional sputtering system. When used as the anode in lithium ion batteries, the uniformly deposited amorphous silicon （a-Si） works as the active material to store electrical energy, and the pre-coated carbon nanofibers （CNFs） serve as both the electron conducting pathway and a strain/stress relaxation layer for the sputtered a-Si layers during the intercalation process of lithium ions. As a result, the as-fabricated lithium ion batteries, with deposited a-Si thicknesses of 200 nm or 300 nm, not only exhibit a high specific capacity of 〉2000 mA.h/g, but also show a good capacity retention of over 80% and Coulombic efficiency of 〉98% after a large number of charge/discharge experiments. Our approach offers an efficient and scalable method to obtain silicon-carbon nanostructured composites for application in lithium ion batteries.
文摘Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have high mechanical properties and are considered a kind of realistic reinforcement for polymers, ceramics and metals. The hot press sintering and squeeze casting were adopted to synthesize MWNTs reinforced aluminum composites. In hot press sintered MWNTs/Al composites, MWNTs agglomerates distribute along aluminum powders and have low bonding strength with aluminum. But MWNTs agglomerates distribute evenly in the squeeze cast MWNTs/Al composites. Some dispersed nanotubes bond well with aluminum matrix and few dislocations can be found in the nanotube areas, which implies little thermal residual stress in squeeze cast MWNTs/Al composites. This indicates that the strengthen mechanisms in nanometer sized MWNTs/Al composites may be different from that in micrometer sized whisker composites.
基金Project(50402020)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Electrochemical codeposition and electrocatalytic properties of platinum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles(Pt-MoOx) on carbon-nanotubes/graphite electrode for methanol oxidation were investigated.The micrograph and elemental composition of the resulting Pt-MoOx/CNTs/graphite electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that the Pt-MoOx particles with the average size of about 50 nm are highly dispersed on the CNTs surface.The Pt-MoOx/CNTs/graphite electrode delivers excellent electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation.The highest mass activity(Am)reaches 264.8 A/g at the loading mass of 159.3μg/cm2.This may be attributed to the small particle size and high dispersion of Pt-MoOx catalysts deposited on the CNTs surface.The kinetic analysis from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)reveals that the existed MoOx phase can improve the chemisorptive and catalytic properties for methanol oxidation.
